Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Basaloid-squamous carcinoma of the larynx, pharynx and base of tongue and the so-called adenoid cystic carcinoma of the oesophagus are rare but distinctive tumours associated with a grave prognosis. They occur most commonly in elderly males and present at an advanced stage. Our study of four such laryngeal tumours and five such oesophageal tumours shows that they are histologically and immunohistochemically identical, providing support for the idea that they are the same tumour type. They show a biphasic pattern in which basaloid tumour is intimately associated with a neoplastic squamous component which can be invasive or in situ. The basaloid component is in the form of invasive lobules with frequent comedo-necrosis and hyalinization. The constituent cells possess pale pleomorphic nuclei with frequent mitoses. Immunoreactivity for cytokeratin in the basaloid component is remarkable for its absence or weak and focal nature. Review of the literature shows that only a few cases of 'adenoid cystic carcinoma' of the oesophagus are bona fide examples of adenoid cystic carcinoma as it occurs in the salivary glands, while the others are identical to basaloid-squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Their distinction is important because genuine adenoid cystic carcinoma is much less aggressive than basaloid-squamous carcinoma.
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PMID:Basaloid-squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract and so-called adenoid cystic carcinoma of the oesophagus: the same tumour type? 158 3

Compared with the ingestion of corrosive substances in children, this problem tends to be more serious, in adults, because its intent is often suicidal, rather than accidental. The severity and extent of damage produced to the gastrointestinal tract depends on the morphological form of the caustic agent. In the acute stage, perforation and necrosis may occur. Long-term complications include esophageal stricture, antral stenosis, and the development of esophageal carcinoma. X-rays of the abdomen and chest should be done initially to detect any evidence of perforation. Endoscopy should be performed as soon as possible in all cases to evaluate the extent and severity of damage, unless there is evidence of perforation. A complete examination is feasible in most cases. Stricture formation is more common in patients with second- and third-degree burns. Measures to prevent stricture formation, including the use of steroids, have not been successful. Esophageal carcinoma usually occurs 40 yr after the time of injury.
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PMID:Ingestion of corrosive substances by adults. 172 4

Of 393 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus, 60 were found by histologic examination to have intramural metastasis. Metastases in 50 of these were identified by gross inspection. There appeared to be no preference for location proximal to the primary lesion. Eighteen patients had metastasis to the gastric wall, which suggested the existence of communicating lymphatic channels between the wall of the esophagus and the stomach. All 60 primary tumors invaded beyond the submucosa. These 60 patients (group A) were compared with a group of matched control patients without intramural metastasis (group B). The tumor size in group A was significantly larger than in group B (p less than 0.01). The number of patients with lymph-node metastasis was significantly higher in group A (p less than 0.01), and the average number of positive nodes in group A was greater than in group B (p less than 0.01). Recurrent disease in the mediastinal lymph nodes and in the liver is characteristic of group A. The survival curve for patients in group A was significantly lower than that for group B (p less than 0.001). Conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy after surgery were ineffective in improving prognosis. These results indicate that the presence of intramural metastasis is an important factor to consider when evaluating the prognosis of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Intramural metastasis of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. 172 12

Esophageal carcinoma has a catastrophic clinical course with a very low 5 year survival rate of 5%. A circulating tumor marker with good specificity and sensitivity would be useful in the management strategy of the disease. So far, no tumor marker effective in esophageal carcinoma has been identified. Preliminary reports suggest satisfactory positivity rates of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in esophageal carcinoma. We measured TATI levels in 71 patients with primary squamous cell esophageal carcinoma as well as in 30 tissue samples from both carcinoma and normal esophageal mucosa. Detectable TATI levels were not found in tumor tissue samples. The marker showed significantly higher serum levels in patients than in controls, with an overall positivity rate of 28%. TATI levels were significantly lower in patients with a high number of tumor-positive lymph nodes. No relationship was found between TATI and several other clinical and pathological parameters. High TATI levels correlated with a lower probability of overall survival as well as in cases without clinical evidence of lymph node metastases. TATI did not show any relationship with CEA, TPA, ferritin or SCC. The results of the present study suggest that TATI shows a satisfactory positivity rate in esophageal carcinoma, and TATI levels are related to local disease spread and prognosis.
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PMID:Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in primary esophageal carcinoma. 178 Jun 88

During a 25-year period, four patients with esophageal diverticulum associated with carcinoma of the esophagus underwent surgery. The results were satisfactory. The clinical features included a long history of diverticulum and the presence of a carcinoma of the esophagus in close proximity to the former. Inflammation within the diverticulum and in the mucosa around the diverticulum was noted. The closer the diverticulum to the carcinoma, the more severe the inflammation. Therefore, diverticulitis and esophagitis may be important factors leading to the development of carcinoma of the esophagus, and patients with esophageal diverticulum should be followed up regularly and the diverticulum resected as early as possible if inflammation within the diverticulum or peri-diverticular esophagitis is found.
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PMID:Esophageal diverticulum associated with carcinoma of the esophagus--a report of four cases. 181 64

A case of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is presented. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of our case and 72 other cases were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms were weight loss and dysphagia. Eighty percent were larger than 4 cm at presentation and 97% were in the mid to distal esophagus. The esophageal tumors were identical histologically to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Esophageal luminal widening on esophagram has been found to be more common in nonsquamous cell carcinomas. While rare, small cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary esophageal tumors, particularly in the presence of these findings.
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PMID:Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: case presentation and review of the literature. 184 35

A case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus is presented. This carcinoma is a typical neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive tract almost exclusively originating in squamous epithelium in continuity with minor salivary glands. It is a very rare tumor in the esophagus, and is often diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The differential diagnosis between them is important due to the better prognosis of the last entity. The histology and electron microscopy is described and the literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Adenosquamous carcinoma of the esophagus. A case report. 187 32

The criteria of early carcinoma of the stomach, defined in 1981, has gained worldwide acceptance. A few proposals of a criteria for early carcinoma of the esophagus have been made; however, these criteria have not been internationally accepted, as the rate of recurrence is high in patients with early carcinoma of the esophagus, as determined by these criteria. In patients with submucosal carcinoma of the esophagus, metastasis to lymph nodes was present in 32.5 per cent at the time of the operation, and the five year survival rate was only 54.5 per cent. On the other hand, while the incidence of epithelial or mucosal carcinoma, or both, is only 2.2 per cent (46 of 2,130) in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, the incidence has been remarkably increased and the five year cumulative survival rate for patients with epithelial carcinoma or mucosal carcinoma, or both, is now 88.4 per cent. Thus, we consider that the criteria for early carcinoma of the esophagus to be mucosal carcinoma as well as epithelial carcinoma regardless of the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, and that a submucosal carcinoma should be excluded from the classification of early carcinoma of the esophagus.
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PMID:Proposed new criteria for early carcinoma of the esophagus. 192 1

It is now accepted that the incidence of esophageal carcinoma is highest in the middle thoracic region. Esophageal carcinoma after gastrectomy, however, has a tendency to develop in the lower thoracic region. These studies suggest a possible correlation between the development of esophageal carcinoma and gastrectomy, i.e., alkaline reflux into the esophagus. To elucidate this correlation, the role of alkaline reflux of duodenal contents in the development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma induced by N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine (AMN) was investigated in Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups; gastrectomized rats with or without regurgitation of duodenal contents into the esophagus, and control rats without gastrectomy. All received low doses of AMN for 8 weeks and were subsequently killed for pathological examination. Esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas were found only in gastrectomized rats with regurgitation. The carcinomas were found exclusively in areas of reflux esophagitis and were accompanied by severe dysplasia. Our results indicate that alkaline reflux of duodenal contents strongly contributes to the development of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma.
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PMID:The role of alkaline reflux in esophageal carcinogenesis induced by N-amyl-N-methylnitrosamine in rats. 193 62

The incidence and mortality of carcinoma of the esophagus vary in different parts of the world, and are very high in northern China (109/100,000). Anatomic and pathological considerations of esophageal carcinoma show that in most cases it is difficult to cure by surgery alone, and radiotherapy thus becomes important. Unfortunately, results of radiotherapy have been mostly poor, with the 5-year survival rates reported in the literature being about 10% for radiation treatment alone and 25% in selected cases using multidisciplinary treatment. The results at the Cancer Hospital of the Shanghai Medical University are 16.8% and 25.2%, respectively, in 1034 cases. Based on personal experience as well as current Chinese and Western literature, the author will discuss the diagnosis and staging of carcinoma of the esophagus and the increasing importance of CT scans. The relationship of various factors to the outcome of radiotherapy is discussed; length of disease and site of lesion are both important. Optimal dosage is 65 Gy, giving a 5-year survival rate of 18.5% as compared to doses less than 60 Gy and above 70 Gy (10% 5-year survival). The possibilities of future investigations in the radiation treatment of esophageal carcinoma are reviewed. Collaboration between countries having large numbers of esophageal carcinoma patients with those having modern scientific resources would help to solve many questions in a shorter time.
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PMID:Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the esophagus in China--a review. 200 66


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