Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

545 cases of esophageal carcinoma were confirmed histologically and by esophagoscopic biopsy between Jan. 1982 and May 1990. Primary small cell carcinoma was identified in 19 cases. Of 11 patients confirmed operatively, 5 had oat cell carcinoma, 4 combined oat cell carcinoma and 2 intermediate cell carcinoma. The mean overall survival period was 13.9 months. The longest survival period was 27 months. The prognosis of primary small cell carcinoma was poorer than that of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus because of its propensity of spread and metastasis. Once the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma was established, surgery was undertaken as early as possible. For patients who had lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, we recommended surgical treatment plus systemic chemotherapy after operation. To increase the resection rate, it is important to do chest CT scan, bronchiofiberscopy and B-type ultrasonography before operation.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Clinical analysis of 11 cases]. 131 86

To study the biological characteristics of undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus, the nuclear DNA content, the growth fraction using monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67), immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the grade of Leu-7 positive cells infiltrating at the marginal area of the cancerous tissue were measured in 5 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma and 131 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The following results were obtained. 1) DNA aneuploid was found in 60% of undifferentiated carcinoma, 47% of squamous cell carcinoma. 2) The Ki-67 labeling rates of undifferentiated carcinoma were higher than those of squamous cell carcinoma, and a variable proportion of Ki-67 labeling rates of undifferentiated carcinoma was ranging from 12% to 34%. It was demonstrated that undifferentiated carcinoma had high proliferative potential. 3) The expression of the EGFR was stained in the basal cell and parabasal layers of normal epithelia. In squamous cell carcinoma, EGFR was located on the cancer cell membrane and was observed 79%, while in all cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, it was not detected. 4) The grade of Leu-7 positive cells was related to pathological stage and prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma. The patients with low grade of Leu-7 positive cells frequently had early recurrences of the carcinoma after esophagectomy, and their prognosis was poorer than those with higher grade of Leu-7 positive cells. The patients of undifferentiated carcinoma, independently of pathological stage, were observed low grade of Leu-7 positive cells and had poor prognosis except only one case. Therefore undifferentiated carcinoma seems to be escaped from defensive mechanism of host immune response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on biological characteristics of undifferentiated carcinoma of the esophagus]. 137 28

Extrinsic compression, neoplastic involvement of the trachea or left main bronchus, and esophago-airway fistula may cause airway obstruction and infection in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Further reduction of airway lumen may result from palliative treatment of dysphagia by radiation or esophageal stent insertion. In order to evaluate the extent of airway compromise, bronchoscopy was systematically performed in 39 consecutive patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus requiring esophageal endoprostheses. Airway obstruction observed in 10 patients (mean age, 60 years) resulted in the additional placement of a silicone stent in the trachea (five patients) or left main bronchus (five patients). Esophageal and airway procedures were performed under general anesthesia. All had squamous cell carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus. Severe dyspnea at rest was documented in five patients prior to intervention. Esophago-tracheal fistula was present in five. Eight patients with associated, neoplastic invasion of the tracheo-bronchial tree required airway Nd:YAG laser therapy. The esophageal prosthesis contributed significantly to airway compromise in four patients. Symptomatic relief of dysphagia and dyspnea was obtained in all individuals. Mean survival was 121 days (range, 12 to 350 days). Complications were not serious, but included esophageal or tracheal stent migration in three patients.
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PMID:Double stents for carcinoma of the esophagus invading the tracheo-bronchial tree. 138 Sep 32

Within the framework of a longitudinal study, 127 chimney sweeps from the area of Upper and Middle Franconia (Bavaria, Germany), who had participated in a first medical check-up in 1974, were offered follow-up examinations in 1990. Eighty-one subjects participated in these examinations; in addition individual occupational case histories and medical case histories were obtained for a further 15 and 35 chimney sweeps, respectively. Five test subjects had died before the evaluation deadline (August 15, 1990). The causes of death were a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a bladder carcinoma, pulmonary metastases with unknown primary tumour, a suicide and an acute myocardial infarction. Conspicuous results were carcinoma of the oesophagus in one case and leucoplakia of the mucous membranes in the mouth and pharyngeal region in three cases; furthermore one chimney sweep had two haemorrhagic lumps on his vocal cords. Taking into account important non-occupational hazards (alcohol and nicotine abuse) as possible causes of these changes and the lack of relevant occupational exposure to products of incineration over a number of years, none of these cases nor any of the other ascertained results could be considered likely to be causally related to occupational activities. Due to the small number of cases, an epidemiological risk evaluation did not seem useful. Comparison with the results of other chimney sweep studies published in the international literature is not helpful due to the differences in study design, the varying case frequencies, and the different conditions of exposure.
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PMID:Investigations on health hazards of chimney sweeps in Germany: results of a follow-up study. 139 14

In a 15 year prospective study of endoscopic surveillance of columnar lined oesophagus, 102 patients with a mean follow up of 54 (12.5) months and total follow up of 462 years have been evaluated. Of all the sets of biopsies taken, 59 in 21 patients were found to exhibit dysplasia or carcinoma. Four male patients had carcinoma of the oesophagus, indicating a 30 times increased risk of development of adenocarcinoma in columnar lined oesophagus. The length of columnar lined oesophagus in subjects with dysplasia was significantly longer as compared with the whole group (p = 0.01) and when compared with the patients without dysplasia (p = 0.005). None of the patients with dysplasia had a columnar lined oesophagus of less than 8 cm. Length of columnar lined oesophagus therefore seems to be a significant risk factor in the development of dysplasia and subsequent carcinoma and intensive follow up of patients with columnar lined oesophagus greater than 8 cm in length is recommended.
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PMID:Length of Barrett's oesophagus: an important factor in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. 828 Feb 40

Eighty-eight patients with carcinoma of the esophagus (N = 44), stomach (N = 41), and duodenum (N = 3) who underwent surgery were pre-operatively examined by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). The ability of EUS to accurately predict the T stage and the N stage was 82% and 70% for esophageal carcinoma, 71% and 75% for gastric cancer, and 100% and 66% for duodenal malignancy. In esophageal carcinoma, the accuracy of T staging was only slightly lower in cases with non-traversable tumor stenoses (77%) compared with traversable carcinomas (84%). This was probably due to the fact that all non-traversable tumors were either in stage T3 or T4. The accuracy of EUS in predicting the stages T1 to T3, which correspond to R0 resectability (no macroscopic or microscopic tumor remains), was 92% for adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and 85% for gastric cancer. However, in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, R0 resection was possible in only 66% of all cases, whereas EUS predicted an 84% R0 resection rate. In adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and stomach, EUS prediction of stages T1 to T3 correlated well with the actual rate of R0 resection. These results show that EUS is a reliable diagnostic method for the local staging of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Its impact on treatment and hence on prognosis of patients with these malignancies has yet to be determined.
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PMID:Local staging and assessment of resectability in carcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum by endoscopic ultrasonography. 151 22

We evaluated the feasibility of six courses of chemotherapy in 34 consecutive patients with localised squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. All 32 evaluable patients first received at least two courses of chemotherapy. There were 18 patients with resectable carcinomas who underwent surgery and 14 patients with unresectable carcinomas who received definitive chemoradiotherapy. After two courses of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin 21 (66%) of 32 patients had either a complete or major response. A median of five courses (range, 1-6 courses) was administered. 17 out of 18 (94%) patients with resectable carcinoma had a 'curative' resection (negative proximal, distal, and radial margins by histopathology in an en-block resection specimen) and 2 patients had a complete pathological response. The median survival duration of all patients was 28 months (range, 2-46+ months). The median survival duration of 14 patients with unresectable carcinoma was 23 months (range, 8-36+ months), and the median survival duration of 18 patients with resectable carcinoma has not been reached at a median follow-up of 24+ months (range, 10+ to 46+ months). No deaths occurred because of chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy. Our data suggest that prolonged chemotherapy is feasible in patients with locoregional squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. An ongoing controlled trial will determine the contribution of chemotherapy to patients' survival.
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PMID:Prolonged chemotherapy for localised squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. 152 15

A total of 26 evaluable patients presenting with advanced or metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus were entered in a phase II trial to assess the single-agent activity of etoposide. Etoposide was given at a dose of 200 mg/m2 on 3 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Five patients (19%) achieved a partial response and seven (27%) experienced stabilisation of their disease. The median duration of response was 4 months (range 3-8 months). The major toxicity was leukopenia, which reached WHO grade 3 in 46% of patients and grade 4 in 11% of cases, with five instances of leukopenic fever and one therapy-associated death being recorded. Etoposide given at this dose and on this schedule seems to have considerable activity against non-pretreated metastatic esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II study of single-agent etoposide in patients with metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. 153 80

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is a well-known complication of Barrett's esophagus. This report describes five patients (three men and two women) with Barrett's esophagus and squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. All patients had hiatal hernia, and three had a history of tobacco and alcohol use. The tumors were located in the Barrett's mucosa in one case, at the squamocolumnar junction in two cases, and in the squamous-lined mucosa above the Barrett's mucosa in two cases. One patient also had focal adenocarcinoma associated with the squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. Review of the literature identified 11 previously reported cases. Occurrence of esophageal squamous carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus patients suggests a possible relationship between these two conditions, and the need for a careful evaluation of the squamous esophageal mucosa and the squamocolumnar junction at the time of endoscopy.
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PMID:Esophageal squamous carcinoma in five patients with Barrett's esophagus. 159 Mar 13

Oesophagogastrectomy is the best available treatment for patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia. It provides better longevity than other types of therapy and remains the standard against which combined modality treatment should be compared. Our experience with two hundred and twenty-four patients who underwent surgical exploration performed transdiaphragmatically by way of a left thoracotomy formed the basis of this report. Of these 224 patients, 201 (89.7%) underwent resection, 15 were bypassed and the remaining 5 patients were intubated. Of those resected, 79 patients required a two-rib thoracotomy. The postoperative mortality rate was 3.57%, and morbidity, mainly caused by respiratory complications occurred in 36 patients (16.1%), with no patients requiring ventilatory support. Surgical bypass without resection carried a higher mortality rate (8.3%) than those for resection (2.5%). All anastomosis were hand sewn. There were no anastomotic leaks. Adequate analgesia was provided by continuous extrapleural intercostal nerve block. Five year survival for squamous carcinoma was 36% while that adenocarcinoma was 18.7%. The left thoracotomy provides an effective method for undertaking oesophageal resections with low mortality and morbidity rates. This techniques has advantages and should be more widely used in the surgical management of patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia.
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PMID:Left thoracotomy approach for resection of carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia. 160 42


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