Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper deals with the effect of thymic extracts from young foetal pigs and calves on the development of tumour xenografts, i.e. mouse ascites Ehrlich carcinoma and hamster malignant melanoma, in rats. The results of experiments showed that Ehrlich carcinoma developed in 4 out of 72 animals, i.e., in those animals which had received thymic extracts from young foetal pigs, Ehrlich carcinoma led to their death. Ehrlich carcinoma assumed a solid form and the cells changed in their shape. It developed normally, when retransplanted to mice. Hamster melanoma, when transplanted to rats given thymic extracts from young foetal calves, developed and survived for long periods of time (in one animal up to 190 days, and in the remaining animals much longer than in the controls and the animals injected with liver extracts from young foetal calves). The melanoma xenograft was not morphologically changed. A normal development of the malignant process occurred when melanoma was retransplanted to hamsters. Animals injected with thymic extracts from young foetal calves exhibited lymphopoenia and a fall in gamma globulin levels before tumour transplantation.
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PMID:Xenogeneic neoplastic transplants in adult rats pretreated with thymic foetal extracts. 2 Mar 39

One hundred eighty-nine patients received a four-drug combination consisting of cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), methyl CCNU, and bleomycin (COMB), according to three different drug regimens, performed sequentially. Of the 189, 62 had a partial response (33%) including 11/33 with squamous lung cancer, 11/32 with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, 13/15 with oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and 7/41 with malignant melanoma. The response rate for patients with squamous lung or head and neck cancer appeared to be higher at weekly bleomycin doses of 30 and 60 mg (15/33 = 45%), compared to a weekly bleomycin dose of 15 mg (7/32 = 25%). A median survival from treatment of 30 weeks was observed in oat cell carcinoma, which represents considerable prolongation over that expected from supportive care alone or single-agent chemotherapy. Toxicity included: 1) myelosuppression, resulting in hospitalization for antibiotics in 20% of patients; 2) probable bleomycin lung damage in 4% of patients; and 3) dose-limiting vincristine neuropathy in 11%. The combination of twice-weekly vincristine and bleomycin for more than 6 weeks produced a disturbing "debilitation syndrome," characterized by weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and apathy. The encouraging response rate suggests a future role for these drugs in combination, especially for vincristine and bleomycin, with other agents showing activity in squamous and oat cell carcinoma. Toxicity precludes recommendation of this combination, in the regimens tested, for broader Phase III studies.
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PMID:COMB (cyclophosphamide, oncovin, methyl-CCNU, and bleomycin): a four-drug combination in solid tumors. 5 Aug 70

A microcytotoxicity technique was used to determine the sequential in vitro reactivity against melanoma cells of lymphocytes from melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy and from healthy donors. Lymphocytes were collected 2 weeks for 2-3 months and were stored in liquid nitrogen until use. Preliminary studies had indicated that freezing did not effect the reactivity of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from 10 healthy donors tested against melanoma cells exhibited substantial reactivity which showed no consistent pattern over time. Lymphocytes from 9 melanoma patients exhibited increased reactivity after immunotherapy. Patterns of reactivity against melanoma cells and against bladder carcinoma cells were similar, indicating lack of specificity for melanoma antigens. Correlations with clinical course of the disease were not apparent.
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PMID:Sequential in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes from melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy compared with the reactivity of lymphocytes from healthy donors. 5 35

Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to common cell surface antigens of cultured melanoma cells were produced in guinea pigs. At appropriate dilution, melanoma antisera were cytotoxic only to melanoma target cells. Following absorption with pooled lymphoid cells, additional absorption with melanoma cells but not absorption with fibroblasts or carcinoma cells was found to remove all cytotoxic activity from melanoma antisera. Absorption with human fetal skin cells but not with autologous fetal visceral cells was found to remove cytotoxicity from melanoma antisera. Tissue type-specific antigens may be shared by human malignant melanomas and fetal skin of black racial origin (at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation). The methods may be useful in the production of xenogeneic antisera with "operational monospecificity" for common melanoma-specific antigens. Sera from 47 patients with malignant melanoma failed to evidence specific cytotoxicity for melanoma target cells.
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PMID:Production of antisera with specificity for malignant melanoma and human fetal skin. 5 91

There are many quantitative changes of serum protein and immunoglobulin fractions in patients with cancer of various sites, excluding those with leukemic and lymphoproliferative disorders. The commonest change in serum proteins of patients with neoplastic disease is a reduction in albumin concentration and elevation of alpha globulins, especially alpha-2 fraction. Immunoglobulins (IgG, A,M) are a heterogenous group of proteins contained in the gamma, beta, and alpha-2 electrophoretic fractions of serum proteins. The IgG was found to be significantly increased in patients with cancer of the skin and lung, but decreased in patients with cancer of the prostate and breast. Serum IgM was reported to be elevated in patients with sarcoma, melanoma, brain tumors, but decreased in patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Serum IgA was found to be elevated in patients with cancer of epithelial secretory organs, such as skin, breast, head and neck, lung, gut, prostate, and uterine cervix. Whether these findings reflect specific changes of the humoral arm of tumor-host interaction remains to be investigated.
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PMID:Quantitative change of serum protein and immunoglobulin in patients with solid cancers. 6 75

Tumor cell fractions isolated from tumor lines SH-3 (breast carcinoma) and RPMI-7932 (malignant melanoma) by differential centrifugations were capable of transforming lymphocytes into cytotoxic effector cells. Lymphocytes cultured alone in human AB plasma did not become cytotoxic to tumor cells. However, when cultured with tumor cell fractions sedimented at 1000 X g(R1), 20,000 X g(R2), and 100,000 X g(R3), these lymphocytes became markedly cytotoxic to specific tumor targets in a 3.5-hr (51)Cr release assay. R2 fractions were significantly more immunogenic than were R3 fractions (p less than 0.05). Although lymphocytes sensitized with SH-3 tumor cell fractions were cytotoxic to SH-3 tumor cells, they were also cytotoxic to cells from RPMI-7932 and RPMI-8322 (malignant melanoma) tumor lines and vice versa. Cells from tumor lines HT-29 (colon carcinoma) and COLO 110 (ovary carcinoma) were significantly less susceptible to lysis by effector cells generated against SH-3. These immune cells, although capable of killing cells from tumor lines, were not able to lyse cells from autochthonous normal lymphoid lines or normal lymphocytes that have been transformed by phytohemagglutinin. Tumor cell fractions were not immunogenic at low (5- to 20-mul/0.75 ml) concentrations; an increase of 4- to 10- fold in their concentrations was usually followed by a decrease in immunization.
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PMID:In vitro immunization against human tumor cells with tumor cell fractions. 7

We fused spleen lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized against a human melanoma cell line and melanoma-mouse hybrid cells with the P3 X 63 Ag8 mouse myeloma in order to produce hybrids secreting antibodies against a human melanoma. Antibodies secreted by individual hybrids were tested for their reaction with a panel of human melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, and normal cells in an indirect radioimmunoassay, and they displayed different specificities and crossreactivities. Some reacted only with melanomas, whereas others crossreacted with normal human or human colorectal carcinoma cells. By analysis of competitive binding of mixtures of monoclonal antibodies, it was possible to delineate different epitopes on melanomas. Hybrids growing in nude mice and producing antimelanoma antibody suppressed growth of melanoma tumors.
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PMID:Study of antibodies against human melanoma produced by somatic cell hybrids. 8 12

Using radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A [125I]SPA to measure syngeneic, allogeneic and heterogeneic IgG bound to murine tumor cells, we performed a serological analysis of surface antigens of 8 solid tumors and 2 leukemias of BALB/c mice (3 chemically-induced colon carcinomas, 3 chemically-induced sarcomas, 1 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) induced leukemia, 1 irradiation induced leukemia, 1 spontaneous melanoma and 1 spontaneous sarcoma). We were able to detect and distinguish between at least five separate antigenic specificities on these tumors. Unique tumor-associated antigens were found on 3 of the tumors, MuLV related antigens on 8 tumors, fetal antigens on 7 tumors and two distinct common antigens on 7 tumors (common antigen 1 (CA-1) on 5 tumors and common antigen 2 (CA-2) on 2 tumors). Neither of the common antigens was found to be sarcoma, carcinoma or tissue-tupe specific. A number of tumors which did not originally express either MuLV or fetal antigens in primary cultures expressed these antigens after several serial passages in vitro.
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PMID:Tumor-associated antigens of chemically-induced murine tumors; the emergence of MuLV and fetal antigens after serial passage in culture. 8 20

Intrathecal treatment with MTX was attempted in patients with diffuse meningeal blastoses. As a rule, symptoms and clinical findings improved rapidly. As objective parameters, the differential cell pictures of the CSF showed dissimilar results during therapy (25 mg MTX weekly i.t.). In leukoses (n = 10) and malignant lymphomas (n = 12), the CSF could be cleared with three exceptions which concerned differentiated tumors. The success was similarly good with meningeal dissemination of a seminoma. Meningeal carcinoses with mammary carcinoma (n = 7) and melanoma (n = 2) showed dissimilar results. No alteration of the cytograms of four bronchial carcinomas and one colon carcinoma was demonstrable. Besides the growth form, the degree of differentiation appears to be decisive for the success of therapy. The labeling index appears to be a useful indicator. Since symptoms and clinical findings often markedly improve even when a success cannot be objectively detected cytologically, an attempt at therapy is always to be recommended.
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PMID:Cytostatic treatment of meningeal blastoses. 9 Jan 37

Serum tyrosinase activity in many persons with metastatic diseases was found to be significantly higher than activity in normal persons. The highest activity was observed in melanoma and breast carcinoma. The electrophoretic patterns of serum tyrosinase, resolved by electrophoresis of a serum tyrosinase fraction followed by incubation of the gel sample with L-dopa, and represented as sets of RF's of melanin bands, were characteristically different in melanoma, breast carcinoma, and certain other diseases. The RF's of melanin and protein bands in the serum enzyme preparations from melanoma patients were concisely defined. Further, some potent serum fractions inhibiting tyrosinase melanogenic activity have been obtained, and the presence of tyrosinase inhibitors in the serum enzyme preparation has also been demonstrated. More detailed exploration of these serum tyrosinase parameters may provide more specific and sensitive detection for certain malignant diseases.
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PMID:Serum tyrosinase in malignant disease, its activity, and the electrophoretic patterns of the enzyme as carried by immunoglobulins'. 11 92


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