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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the image diagnosis of renal carcinoma echotomography has played an increasingly important role over the past ten years due to its simplicity and low costs. This method is responsible, above all, for the increased number of diagnosed cases of kidney carcinoma at a pre-clinical stage, the so called "incidentaloma", for which an aggressive surgical approach may be employed with good probabilities of the patient's complete recovery Having illustrated their personal experience of the diagnosis of renal carcinoma, the Authors review currently used imaging methods.
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PMID:[Diagnostic imaging of kidney carcinomas. Our experience and review of the literature]. 149 68

In this report we present two families with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. We operated on haemangioblastomas in two members, one from each, in our clinic. In the first family we saw 17 lesions in 9 members. Although in the first family carcinoma of the kidney was often observed, in the second family retinal haemangioma was found to be predominant, namely, in eight out of nine patients. In both families there were 11 patients with retinal haemangioma; of these, 9 patients were blind (82%). In 6 patients with retinal haemangioblastoma blindness was unilateral and bilateral only in one. All the patients with renal carcinoma were male and died young. In one of our patients with renal carcinoma we found metastatic lesions in the distal and proximal parts of the femur, vertebral arch, cranium and the thoracic wall. In these two families 23 members had 32 lesions, from which eleven were retinal haemangiomas (3 + 8), nine haemangioblastomas of CNS (5 + 4), one a renal cyst (0 + 1), eight renal carcinomas (7 + 1), two pancreatic cysts (1 + 1) and one liver cyst (0 + 1).
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PMID:Von Hippel-Lindau disease: analysis of two families. 149 15

We have evaluated the synergistic effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the induction of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. Subcutaneous injection of recombinant IL-1 beta at an initial dose of 1 x 10(4) U was given to nine patients (five with renal cell carcinoma, two with bladder carcinoma, one with renal pelvic tumor, one with testicular tumor) on days 1 and 2 weekly for 4 weeks. The dose was increased weekly up to 4 x 10(4) U, if it was well tolerated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients on day 3 in the 2nd and 4th weeks, and LAK activity of PBMC against Daudi cells was measured using a 4-h 51Cr-release assay at an effector:target cell ratio of 20:1, after incubation with 50 U/ml of recombinant IL-2 for 72 h. Proliferation of PBMC was measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation after incubation with IL-2 for 72 h. IL-2 receptor (IL-2R)-positive cells in PBMC were enumerated using monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. Mean values of LAK activity induced by IL-2 were significantly augmented after administration of IL-1 beta (p less than 0.01). IL-1 beta, however, did not enhance proliferation of PBMC caused by IL-2, nor did it increase the number of IL-2R-positive cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients. Results suggest that combination of IL-1 and IL-2 has synergistic antitumor activity in treatment of malignant diseases.
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PMID:Enhancement of lymphokine-activated killer activity induction in vitro by interleukin-1 administered in patients with urological malignancies. 151 24

Chromosomal abnormalities have been believed to be responsible for neoplastic transformation and tumor growth for a long time. The confirming observations are of two types: (1) primary cytogenetic alterations that are responsible for tumor initiation and (2) secondary abnormalities that are acquired late and are associated with tumor growth, heterogeneity, and metastasis. Primary chromosomal abnormalities (such as the 13q deletion in retinoblastoma, 11p deletion in Wilms' tumor, 3p anomalies in renal cell carcinoma, and 5q deletion in colorectal carcinomas) first were identified in lymphocyte cultures as constitutional defects. Later, similar types of defects were observed as tumor-specific aberrations from patients whose lymphocytes otherwise had normal chromosomes. Recently, it has become clear that classes of known cancer-related genes (dominant protooncogenes and recessive tumor-suppressor or anti-oncogenes) are located at those hot spots that are involved in neoplasia-associated chromosomal alterations. In breast carcinoma, such a specific chromosomal alteration has not been identified conclusively in lymphocyte cultures, although chromosome 1 alterations have been observed in cell lines, directly processed effusions, and primary breast tumors. Lymphocyte cultures; primary tumors; and established cell lines from breast carcinomas, colorectal carcinomas, and renal cell carcinomas were analyzed to identify (1) primary chromosomal alterations precisely and (2) secondary cytogenetic defects that are associated with these most common solid adult neoplasms. Peripheral blood analysis indicated that chromosomes 1, 17, and 18 in breast carcinomas; chromosomes 3 and 14 in renal cell carcinomas; and chromosomes 5, 12, and 17 in colorectal carcinomas were involved nonrandomly in structural anomalies in a small number of lymphocyte cells (1-4%). These chromosomal aberrations were considered primary defects because of their involvement as marker formations in tumor cells; other structural and numeric abnormalities also were found. These results indicate that lymphocyte chromosomal analysis might identify those at high risk for breast, colorectal, and renal cell carcinomas, among other malignant lesions. Such identifications could facilitate early selection for primary and secondary cancer prevention or interventional trials.
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PMID:Cytogenetics of epithelial malignant lesions. 151 22

The identification and diagnosis of thyroid metastases from renal cell carcinoma are rare in living patients in spite of more frequent incidence during autopsy. We reported two cases of thyroid metastases from renal cell carcinoma. In both cases, histological examination revealed metastasis from renal cell carcinoma and negative immunohistological stain for thyroglobulin ruled out primary thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:[Two cases of thyroid metastases from renal cell carcinoma]. 152 8

The data of 740 patients who were operated on for renal cell carcinoma between 1975 and 1986 have been evaluated. We studied the relation between tumour size and other factors influencing the prognosis, such as tumour stage, infiltration of renal veins and incidence of metastases at the time of nephrectomy, and between tumour grading and postoperative survival. Sixty-six patients with small tumours were divided in groups according to tumour size: less than 20 mm, less than 25 mm, less than 30 mm, less than 40 mm. All 740 patients were separated into groups according to tumour size: less than 4 cm, 4-6 cm, 6-8 cm, 8-10 cm and greater than 10 cm. Stage pT1 carcinomas (less than 25 mm) occurred in 1.4% of patients and tumours exceeding 10 cm in size in 30%. The prognosis with regard to survival becomes worse the greater the diameter of the tumour: the incidence of renal vein involvement, metastases and higher grades of malignancy increases. Postoperative survival decreases in relation to the increase in tumour size. Carcinomas less than 30 mm in diameter were found to have distant metastases in only 1 case, while invasion of renal veins occurred in 2 cases. In tumours up to 3 cm in diameter, a kidney-preserving tumour resection seems possible without limiting the radicalness of the surgery.
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PMID:[The significance of tumor diameter in renal cell carcinoma]. 156 29

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma within a simple renal cyst in the upper pole of the right kidney. The renal cyst was found incidentally by ultrasonography. During the 3 years of follow-up, the cyst size was increasing and a small solid mass was arising from the cyst wall. Angiography revealed a hypervascular tumor stain in the renal cyst. At operation a 15 mm tumor arose from the wall of the cyst. Histopathological examination showed clear cell type renal cell carcinoma and "cyst" with sheets of carcinoma within the cyst wall. The coexistence of renal cyst and tumor is considerably rare. Fifty two cases were collected from the Japanese literature including this, and they are reviewed briefly.
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PMID:[A case report of renal cell carcinoma in a renal cyst]. 156 53

Transduction of the SN12C human renal-cell carcinoma line with the neoR gene produces a genetically "tagged" cell population within which individual clones can be identified if they dominate the tumor during its growth in vivo. We used this technique to determine whether the clones that dominate the primary local tumor and its metastases are the same or different when the tumor is growing in different organ sites in nude mice. The results show that clonal dominance is influenced by the organ environment in which the primary tumor grows, i.e., distinct clones dominated in the kidney, colon and subcutaneous sites. In addition, tumors grown in the orthotopic site (kidney) were all populated by the same dominant clones, and each distant visceral metastasis retained the same clonality. SN12C neoR-cells grown in an epithelial, ectopic site (colon) produced tumors with uniquely different dominant clones, and their visceral metastases retained the dominant pattern expressed by the parent tumor from which they were derived. In contrast, SN12C tumors growing subcutaneously showed a random pattern of clonal dominance in both their primary and metastatic sites. Parallel cytogenetic analyses could not demonstrate these patterns. We conclude that the organ environment significantly influences clonal dominance of human renal carcinoma and that tumor injection into orthotopic sites may produce a more reproducible selection of dominant clones.
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PMID:The use of molecular genetic markers to demonstrate the effect of organ environment on clonal dominance in a human renal-cell carcinoma grown in nude mice. 156 32

The phenotypic distribution and immune reactivity of T lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of 50 patients with urological cancer were determined. Included were 36 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma, 7 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 7 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Thirty-eight age-matched patients with benign urological disease served as controls. A depression in immune competence was found in the group of male patients with infiltrating bladder cancer. In more than 50% of the patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma, the T helper (CD4) subset was reduced with a concomitant inversion in the CD4/CD8 ratio and impairment in the T cell function as determined by the ability to proliferate upon phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin stimulation. Patients with superficial bladder carcinoma, as well as those with renal cell carcinoma had an immune profile similar to that of the control group. The group of patients with prostatic carcinoma had higher mean CD4/CD8 ratios than the control group, resulting from decreased suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Our results have indicated that the characterization of T cell subset and lymphocyte activity correlated well with the histopathologic state of patients with bladder carcinoma. Thus, the determination of the CD4/CD8 ratio may prove a valuable method for monitoring patients with bladder carcinoma, in addition to serial urine cytology, random urothelial biopsies and flow cytometry.
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PMID:T lymphocyte subsets and function in the peripheral blood of patients with urological cancer. 157 45

We describe the surgical management and followup of 11 patients with local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma in the renal fossa, 10 of whom demonstrated no evidence of distant metastatic disease at the time of recurrence. Average interval to recurrence was 31 months from nephrectomy, with the majority of patients presenting with symptoms of weight loss, fatigue and lumbar discomfort. A total of 13 resections of recurrent carcinoma was performed with 3 immediate postoperative complications, including a retroperitoneal abscess, jejunal necrosis requiring resection and a duodenal obstruction requiring duodenojejunostomy. There were 2 postoperative deaths, 2 patients died of disseminated disease at 8 and 22 months, and 3 died of causes unrelated to cancer recurrence at 4 months, 6 months and 10 years. Four patients were without disease at a followup of 35, 46, 48 and 211 months. We include in this review a report on 1 patient who maintains a disease-free survival of 17 years after resection of a recurrent spindle cell carcinoma. We conclude that an aggressive surgical approach to recurrent renal cell carcinoma within the renal fossa can produce long-term disease-free survival and is justified when compared to the results reported for chemotherapy.
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PMID:Experience with fossa recurrence of renal cell carcinoma. 159 72


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