Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with a recently described rare histologic variant of ductal carcinoma of the breast, so-called cystic hypersecretory duct carcinoma, is described. The findings on fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and to our knowledge, the first cytologic study of this entity reported in the literature, are described and differentiated from mucinous carcinoma and benign mucocelelike lesions. The histologic differential diagnosis, with an emphasis on benign lesions that may have a predominant cystic component, is also discussed.
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PMID:Cystic hypersecretory duct carcinoma of the breast. Report of a case with fine-needle aspiration. 283 75

Steroid C21 hydroxylase was investigated immunohistochemically with the use of antibody against cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid C21 hydroxylation (P-450C21) in normal and neoplastic human breast tissues. In the histologically normal breast, P-450C21 was exclusively present in secretory tubules and ducts. In mammary dysplasia and fibroadenoma, P-450C21 was intensively stained in epithelial cells. In gynecomastia, P-450C21 was faintly observed in epithelial cells in some cases. In intraductal and invasive ductal carcinoma, P-450C21 was observed in the cells with ductal formation. P-450C21 was not observed in medullary and mucinous carcinoma. In lobular carcinoma, only two cases were positive for P-450C21 of nine cases examined. P-450C21 is considered to be closely related to the ductal differentiation in neoplastic transformation of the breast.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of steroid C21 hydroxylase in normal and neoplastic human breasts. 284 33

A series of 138 mucinous breast carcinomas was treated at the Institut Curie from 1970 to 1980: 107 were diagnosed as "pure" mucinous carcinoma and 31 as "mixed" mucinous carcinomas. Fifty per cent of the cases were stage T2 and 78% N0-N1a. Treatment methods were radical mastectomy in 113 cases (82%) with pre-operative irradiation for 37 patients and post-operative irradiation for 14 patients. A conservative treatment was used for 25 patients, consisting either of lumpectomy followed by radiotherapy (in 15 cases) or radiotherapy alone (in 10 cases). The five-year actuarial survival rate was 81% for the "pure" group and 87% for the "mixed" group; it was 70 and 75%, respectively, at ten years follow-up. In this series, survival was not influenced by the type of treatment. The efficacy of radiotherapy was evaluated from the local recurrence rate: only four local failures among the 25 conservative treatments were noted. Our conclusion is that radiotherapy, with or without lumpectomy, is efficient in mucinous breast carcinoma and could be useful in selected cases.
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PMID:[Colloid cancers of the breast. Value of radiotherapy. A series of 138 cases treated at the Curie Institute]. 284 99

Mucinous carcinomas accounted for 37 (6.4%) of 540 cases of colorectal carcinoma. The clinical and pathological features of these mucinous carcinomas were compared with those of the 510 well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. Mucinous carcinoma was more common in the patients 39 years of age or under (P less than 0.05) and was more frequent in the female patients. A large number of mucinous carcinomas were located in the rectum, followed by the right colon. However, the right colon showed a higher relative incidence (40.5% vs 12.5%, P less than 0.005). Mucinous carcinoma was characterized by infiltration of the surrounding tissues (24.3% vs 7.8%, P less than 0.005), positive lymph node involvement (75.7% vs 48.6%, P less than 0.005), and peritoneal implant (21.6% vs 4.1%, P less than 0.005). The cumulative five and ten year survival rates after resection of mucinous carcinoma were 45.5 per cent and 39.8 per cent, respectively, and those after curative resection, 72.4 per cent and 63.5 per cent, respectively. These survival rates were lower, without significant differences, than those for the well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. The results suggest the need for aggressive lymph node dissection and wide excision of the surrounding tissues for mucinous carcinoma, with special attention paid to local recurrence.
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PMID:Mucinous colorectal carcinoma: clinical pathology and prognosis. 284 6

Five hundred and sixty-five cases of large bowel cancer were analysed. There were 8 (1.4%) appendiceal tumours, 296 (52.4%) colonic cancers, 236 (41.8%) rectal cancers, 6 (1.1%) anal cancers and 19 (3.4%) multiple primary cancers of the large bowel. Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma was by far the commonest histological type of large bowel cancer (74.7%). This was followed by mucinous carcinoma (20.7%). Other histological types were relatively uncommon. They included carcinoid tumours (1.8%), signet-ring cell carcinoma (1.5%), squamous cell carcinoma (0.7%), undifferentiated carcinoma (0.4%) and adenosquamous carcinoma (0.2%). The proportion of mucinous carcinoma was greater among the Indians and Malays than among the Chinese. There was a positive correlation between the grade and extent of spread of the tumour. The right colon had greater proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas than the left colon; this tendency was more evident in females. Mucinous carcinoma tended to occur more frequently in the younger age groups and in populations with low risk for colorectal cancer. Remnants of adenoma, often with a prominent villous component, were found to associate with mucinous carcinoma in a significantly higher proportion (18.0%) than non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (2.6%) (P less than 0.001). Papillary structures within the tumour were encountered in 26.2% of mucinous carcinoma compared to 13.4% of non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (P less than 0.001). A greater proportion of mucinous carcinoma was located in the caecum-ascending colon compared with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. It is suggested that the histogenetic relationship with adenoma, particularly villous adenoma, was stronger in mucinous carcinoma than in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. The relationship between the amount of mucin and the grade and stage of the cancer was not a linear one. In general, greater proportions of poorly differentiated and advanced tumours were encountered when the amount of mucin exceeded 50% of the tumour area. Multiple cancers of the large bowel increased with age. Compared with single cancers, they tended to be smaller, better differentiated, less extensive in their spread and had a stronger association with adenomas of the large intestine.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the large bowel in Singapore--a pathological study. 284 30

Epidemiologic studies have shown a fourfold to 20-fold increased risk of colorectal carcinoma in patients with Crohn's disease as compared with the general population, but management for this risk is controversial. This paper presents a series of 10 patients with Crohn's disease and colorectal carcinoma from one institution and a review of the literature. Compared with 118 consecutive patients having colorectal carcinoma of the usual type at the same institution, the 10 patients were younger (mean age 55 vs. 65 yr, p less than 0.05) and had a higher prevalence of mucinous carcinoma (50% vs. 9%, p less than 0.01), providing evidence in addition to the previous epidemiologic results that Crohn's disease is a predisposing (premalignant) condition for colorectal carcinoma. Eight of the 10 patients had an antecedent history of Crohn's disease, ranging from 4 to 51 yr (mean 24 yr); 2 patients presented with colorectal carcinoma and were found to have Crohn's disease. Of particular note, 9 of the 10 patients had colitis or ileocolitis, and carcinoma occurred in bypassed rectum in 2 patients. One patient had two carcinomas. Three of the 11 carcinomas were not recognized preoperatively. The anatomic sites of the cancers were not significantly different from usual colorectal carcinoma, with 7 of the 11 tumors (64%) in the sigmoid colon and rectum. Dysplasia was identified in all 10 patients, and all of the 10 resected carcinomas were found to be contiguous with high-grade dysplasia. The findings in this study support the proposals based upon epidemiologic data that surveillance should be considered for patients with clinically evident colorectal involvement by Crohn's disease or a bypassed segment of colorectum.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma in patients with Crohn's disease. 298 75

The clinical and pathological features of 229 patients with endometrial carcinoma were analyzed with special reference to new histological variants. Histologically, 187 endometrial carcinomas were endometrioid form of adenocarcinoma, 10 mucinous carcinoma, 8 papillary serous carcinoma, 5 clear cell carcinoma, 1 secretory carcinoma, and 18 adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation. Of these, papillary serous carcinoma was found to be a highly malignant form of endometrial carcinoma. Clear cell carcinoma was also associated with a poor prognosis. No fatal cases were observed in patients with mucinous carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation. Patients with endometrioid form of adenocarcinoma were prognostically in between. Analysis of the patients with poor prognosis revealed that the length of time between onset of symptoms and surgery was not related to surviving periods and other prognostic factors such as clinical stage, histological grade, and myometrial invasion.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of endometrial carcinoma with special reference to new histological variants. 299 95

The most characteristic phenomenon in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder is frequent coexistence of gallstones. In this study, morphological differences of carcinoma of the gallbladder in between calculous and acalculous cases is investigated. This study involved fifty-three cases (eleven early carcinoma and forty-two advanced) that had been surgically treated at the Hamamatsu Medical Center Hospital during the past ten years. Nine of 11 early carcinomas were calculous and two, acalculous. All calculous carcinomas showed grossly superficial type and two acalculous, polypoid type. All of them were histologically differentiated adenocarcinoma. In advanced carcinoma, thirty-one of 42 cases were calculous and eleven, acalculous. Fifteen of 31 calculous cases showed polypoid type and sixteen, diffuse infiltrative type. In all cases with the latter type, the cystic duct was completely obstructed by impacted gallstones. All calculous carcinomas were histologically belonged to differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma. On the other hand, six of 11 acalculous carcinomas revealed grossly polypoid type, and histologically differentiated adenocarcinoma or mucinous carcinoma. The remaining five were of diffuse infiltrative type, and of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma. From these data, it may be highly suggestive that differentiated adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma of histologic type irrespective of it's gross type is characteristic of calculous carcinoma, and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma possessing primary diffuse infiltrative growth, of acalculous. The majority of the superficial type in early carcinoma and the diffuse infiltrative type in advanced are considered as a secondary modified gross appearance by direct or indirect effects of coexistent gallstones onto the main tumor.
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PMID:[Morphological study of carcinoma of the gallbladder: its differences between calculous and acalculous carcinoma]. 299 86

Microscopic review of 490 consecutive human breast biopsy and mastectomy specimens were correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor content of the tissue, by subtype and degree of differentiation. Of the 4 grades of differentiation, the less differentiated Grade III and IV tumors showed significantly lower levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors in infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma (P less than 0.001). In contrast, patients with medullary carcinoma had the lowest tissue levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors with approximately 80% of the cases with less than 10 fmol/mg protein. Patients with mucinous carcinoma had the highest percentages of positive estrogen and progesterone receptor levels (75% and 87%, respectively). Sixty-three percent of the patients with Grade IV infiltrating ductal carcinoma were younger than 53 years of age (P less than 0.001). Patients younger than 53 years of age with Grade II and III infiltrating ductal carcinoma also had significantly lower levels of estrogen receptors, but not of progesterone receptors, than those patients older than 53 years of age (P less than 0.001). Nineteen of 20 "normal" breast tissue specimens were negative (less than 3 fmol/mg protein) for estrogen and progesterone receptors. About 50% of 17 tissue specimens from benign breast lesions (fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease, sclerosing adenosis) showed positive estrogen (greater than 10 fmol/mg protein) or progesterone receptor values. In two patients with gynecomastia, no estrogen or progesterone receptors were detectable.
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PMID:Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer. Correlation with histologic subtype and degree of differentiation. 301 74

Endometrial carcinoma includes several specific subtypes which have differing prognostic implications. The two most common subtypes are adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), and adenoacanthoma. Also included in the adenocarcinoma NOS are secretory carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma which have the same natural history as do adenocarcinomas without these features. Fortunately, the above types have the best prognosis and constitute approximately 80% of all endometrial carcinomas. They also present the major diagnostic problem for the pathologist in distinguishing atypical hyperplasia and some of the metaplasias from well-differentiated carcinoma. The tendency would appear to be the over-interpretation of these hyperplastic lesions. Other subtypes have a much less favorable outlook. They include papillary carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, glassy cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma. There are two distinct types of papillary carcinoma, the papillary clear cell and the papillary nonclear cell carcinoma. These can readily be separated, and should be, on the basis of prognostic implications. Other pathologic parameters play a significant role in patient management and in the estimation of prognosis. These include postsurgical pathological staging, measurement of depth of myometrial invasion, lymphatic and blood-vascular invasion, serosal involvement, local spread and, perhaps most importantly, tumor grade. Nuclear grading proved to be a better predictor of treatment outcome than did either the FIGO or WHO grading systems. This was especially true in adenocarcinoma NOS, adenoacanthoma and papillary carcinoma.
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PMID:The significance of the pathologic findings in endometrial cancer. 302 98


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