Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied by immunohistochemistry, the distribution of tenascin (Ten), cellular fibronectin (cFn), laminin and certain pertinent extracellular matrix protein receptors in normal human female breast, variants of fibrocystic disease (FCD), benign tumors, and ductal and lobular carcinomas. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to Ten, extradomain A containing cFn (EDAcFn), A and B chains of laminin, and beta-1 (beta-1) and different alpha subunits of intergrins were used. In in-situ ductal and lobular carcinomas, laminin staining had focal gaps, Ten-immunoreactivity displayed periductal or periacinar bands, and cFn showed broad and intense periductal staining; strong reactions for beta-1 and alpha-6 were noted in the basal cytoplasm of non-neoplastic myoepithelial cells while few tumor cells stained weakly. In infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinomas (IDC, ILC), laminin reactivity was weak, uneven or absent around neoplastic clusters whereas stromal staining for Ten and cFn was extensive and strong. In most IDC, moderate beta-1 and alpha-6 staining involved variable subpopulations; one mucinous carcinoma stained strongly and diffusely. In 20-40% of cells in ILC, beta-1 and alpha-6 were localized in delicate, ramified cytoplasmic processes. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with mAbs to other alpha-integrin subunits suggest that in various breast carcinomas only alpha-3 is expressed in tumor cells and that the vessels contained alpha-1 integrin. As compared with the normal breast, FCD and benign tumors, reactivity for Ten and cFn is increased in breast carcinomas while laminin is attenuated and decreased or absent; yet, Ten cannot be regarded as a carcinoma marker since it can be detected in benign tumors, FCD, and even in the normal breast.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors in the normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic breast. 171 20

To ensure good exposure of operative field and to reduce the complications of low anterior resection of rectal carcinoma with transpubic approach, we modified Ackerman's method and operated on 18 patients with middle and lower rectal carcinoma at the level of 4-8 cm above the anus. 1cm width of the inferior part of the pubic symphysis was preserved. Results were compared with 19 patients operated on in the original way. Dissection of the arcuate ligament, penis suspensory ligament and penis nerve under the lower pubic margin was avoided, so that cyanosis of the penis, perineum and occurrence of sexual dysfunction were reduced, and the period of postoperative pain was shortened. 89% of patients operated in this way enjoyed good defecating function. We suggest that this procedure is indicated in all patients with rectal carcinoma located 4-7 cm above the anus with the exception of mucinous carcinoma.
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PMID:[Modified super anterior resection of rectal carcinoma with transpubic approach]. 181 54

We studied seven patients with mucocelelike tumors of the breast, known to be benign lesions that may be confused with mucinous carcinomas of the breast. All patients had a palpable mass. Microscopically, the most striking feature was the cystic character of the lesion. The epithelial lining of the cysts was usually flat or cuboidal to low columnar, and mucin pools frequently appeared near the ruptured cysts. Three mucocelelike tumors contained a microscopic focus of mucinous carcinoma. The other tumors had areas of atypical ductal hyperplasia containing abundant intraluminal mucinous materials. The mucin was composed predominantly of neutral and nonsulfated acid mucins whose character was identical to that of those in mucinous carcinoma. Because all mucocelelike tumors in our series were associated with either atypical ductal hyperplasia or carcinoma and because some mucocelelike tumors may indeed be early mucinous carcinomas of the breast, we recommend examination of the entire specimen and careful clinical follow-up.
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PMID:Mucocelelike tumor of the breast associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia or mucinous carcinoma. A clinicopathologic study of seven cases. 184 35

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has characteristic clinical and histopathologic findings that facilitate accurate diagnosis. There are, however, many variants and simulants of BCC that may cause clinical and/or histopathologic confusion. These entities often have features in common with BCC, with nodular or sclerosing basaloid islands, peripheral palisading, stromal retraction, (pseudo)-glandular formation, and/or prominent mucin. Recently described BCC variants, including signet-ring BCC and granular cell BCC, are discussed. Less commonly appreciated basaloid simulants, including ameloblastoma, cloacogenic carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma, are described. Distinguishing among these variants and simulants of BCC is important because treatment and prognosis of each may vary.
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PMID:Newer variants and simulants of basal cell carcinoma. 188 25

Clinico-radiological study was attempted in 6 cases of liver metastases from mucinous colo-rectal carcinoma. On plain Computed Tomography (CT) scans (n = 6), tumors were demonstrated as a low density area in 83% and its margin was unclear and irregular in all cases. On enhanced CT scans (n = 6), marginal enhancement of the lesion was recognized in 50%, while neither internal enhancement nor peripheral low density area as commonly seen in metastatic adenocarcinoma was revealed. Ultrasonography (US) (n = 5) showed homogeneous echogenic mass in all lesions and angiography (n = 4) did hypovascular mass with displacement above. For differential diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma from adenocarcinoma metastasized from colo-rectal cancer, integrated diagnosis using CT and US is necessary.
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PMID:[Liver metastases of mucinous colorectal carcinoma: clinico-radiological study of six cases]. 196 27

DNA from 24 ovarian tumors, including 16 carcinomas, was examined for amplification of the proto-oncogenes c-myc, int-2, and rc-erbB-2. All cases of carcinoma were also examined by flow cytometry for DNA ploidy and cell cycle analysis, and eight cases of carcinoma were examined for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Protooncogene amplification was not detected in the DNA of benign ovarian neoplasms, or of ovarian carcinomas with low malignant potential. Amplification of c-myc was detected in six of 12 cases of invasive carcinoma, int-2 amplification was present in one case, and c-erbB-2 amplification was not detected in any case. Among the seven cases evidencing protooncogene amplification, three cases showed aneuploidy in tumor DNA, while four showed diploidy. Two cases which showed aneuploidy in tumor DNA did not demonstrate any degree of protooncogene amplification. Protooncogene amplification was frequently associated with morphologic nuclear anaplasia and high mitotic count. Six of the seven cases demonstrating c-myc or int-2 were of the serous type or showed some degree of serous differentiation, while none of the four cases of purely mucinous carcinoma had evidence of amplification. While the total number of cases in the study was limited, it would appear from the trend demonstrated by the data that protooncogene amplification (particularly c-myc) may be involved in the pathogenesis of aggressive common epithelial tumors of the ovary.
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PMID:Protooncogene amplification and tumor ploidy in human ovarian neoplasms. 196 81

Four cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid were diagnosed in 1,519 thyroid aspirates. All patients had unilateral or diffuse nodular enlargement of the thyroid. One patient had a concurrent grade 1 mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. Cytologically, the neoplasms were characterized by pleomorphic giant or spindle cells with multilobulated, single or multiple nuclei. The chromatin pattern was clumped with prominent parachromatin clearing, and there were multiple prominent nucleoli. Associated papillary and follicular structures were recognized in two aspirates. All cytologic preparations were considered diagnostic of malignancy. Examination of histologic material revealed the same elements identified cytologically on the aspiration smears. Three patients died shortly after diagnosis due to massive local tumor growth in the neck. One patient, who received radiation therapy, had a prolonged survival of 30 mo, but died then of local neck recurrence. The cytologic features of anaplastic carcinoma parallel their histologic appearance. Histologic confirmation of cytologically diagnosed anaplastic carcinoma is not necessary.
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PMID:Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: cytomorphology and clinical implications of fine-needle aspiration. 202 84

Serum sialyl Tn antigen was assayed in gynecological cancer and benign patients by means of "STN OTSUKA" kits. Fifty-eight of 140 (41.1%) ovarian cancer patients showed a significant elevation of sialyl Tn antigen in serum above the cut-off level of 45 unit/ml (mean +2SD) determined from normal controls. There was no feature of positive frequency in tissue type, including serious carcinoma (47.6%), mucinous carcinoma (45.5%), clear cell carcinoma (30.4%) and endometrioid carcinoma (55.6%), but the positive frequency of mucinous carcinoma (36.8%) was higher than that of serous carcinoma (11.1%) in stage I. Compared with other markers, sialyl Tn antigen showed a very much lower false-positive rate (3.6%) in benign gynecological diseases. In the diagnosis of ovarian cancers, the combination assay of sialyl Tn antigen and CA 125 increased diagnostic efficiency compared with any other combination assays. Therefore, sialyl Tn antigen will be a useful tumor marker for ovarian cancers.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of serum sialyl Tn antigen in patients with gynecological cancer. STN Study Group]. 206

Localizations of 18 antigens were analyzed in 41 cases with benign sweat gland tumors (13 with eccrine acrospiroma, 4 with eccrine spiradenoma, 2 with hidroacanthoma simplex, 9 with chondroid syringoma, 4 with syringocystadenoma papilliferum, 1 with tubular apocrine adenoma, 1 with papillary eccrine adenoma, 1 with apocrine cystadenoma, 1 with cylindroma, 5 with syringoma), 14 with malignant sweat gland tumors (7 with eccrine porocarcinoma, 3 with eccrine duct carcinoma, 3 with apocrine gland carcinoma, 1 with mucinous carcinoma) and 13 with extramammary Paget's disease. The results I obtained were compared with those in the normal sweat glands for determination of a differentiation of each tumor.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies of normal sweat glands, sweat gland tumors and extramammary Paget's diseases. II. Immunohistochemical studies of sweat gland tumors and extramammary Paget's diseases]. 216 91

Over 90% of malignant epithelial tumors of the prostate are common carcinomas. Uncommon or rare prostate carcinomas can histogenetically be related to 4 epithelial types of the prostate: the secretory epithelium, the basal cells, the endocrine cells and the transitional epithelium. The rare, purely mucinous carcinoma and the ductal papillary carcinoma belong to the type of secretory epithelium. The latter is rarely seen in the large central prostatic ducts, it develops more frequently in peripheral ducts and is combined with common prostate carcinoma. The so-called endometrioid carcinomas of the utriculus described in the literature are probably ductal prostate carcinomas. To date no carcinoma has been found in the utriculus. The adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate is a basal cell tumor with preponderantly good prognosis. Endocrine cells are disseminated in most common prostate carcinomas. Thereby mixed forms showing both portions of a common adenocarcinoma and of a carcinoid may occur. Pure carcinoids of prostate are rare findings. The small cell carcinoma of the prostate is the highly malignant variant of the endocrine cell type. Immunohistochemically, a multitude of proteohormones are demonstrable in endocrine tumor cells. The ectopic ACTH production with Cushing's syndrome is of particular clinical significance.
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PMID:Unusual prostatic carcinomas. 217 8


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