Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Southern travelling habits were recorded for 127 melanoma patients from southern parts of Sweden (the 56th latitude), 55 thyroid cancer patients, 100 non-Hodgkin's patients and 794 healthy controls from the same region. Melanoma patients were found to travel significantly more often south of the 45th latitude, as compared with patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or thyroid carcinoma (RR = 2.2 for a difference of + 10 trips), and with the healthy controls (RR = 1.4 for a difference of + 10 trips). Considering men and women separately, the difference was significant only for men. Patients with melanoma had a higher educational level than the tumour controls and the healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). There was a significant correlation between high travelling frequency and high education. An increased risk related to southern travelling was present for patients with melanoma on the extremities and head and neck, as well as for patients with truncal melanoma. These findings support the concept that acute exposure to sunburn may be a risk factor for malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Southern travelling habits with special reference to tumour site in Swedish melanoma patients. 144 18

The influence of various pathological features on tumour recurrences and cancer deaths has been studied in 173 consecutive cases of surgically treated papillary thyroid carcinoma recorded in 1971-1985. During the follow-up (median 7.3 years), 18.6% of the 161 radically treated patients had recurrent disease, and 8.7% died of thyroid cancer. In the univariate life-table analysis, recurrence-free survival was significantly related to age, pTNM category, tumour size, presence of certain growth patterns, tumour necrosis, tumour infiltration in surrounding thyroid tissue and thyroid gland capsule, lymph node metastases, presence of extra-nodal tumour growth and number of positive lymph nodes, whereas only tumour diameter, thyroid gland capsular infiltration and presence of extra-nodal tumour growth remained as significant prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. Regarding thyroid cancer deaths, sex, age, pTNM category, radicality of surgical treatment, tumour diameter, macroscopic appearance, cellular atypia, tumour necrosis, thyroid gland capsular infiltration, vascular invasion, extra-thyroidal extension and lymph node metastases were all significant variables in the univariate analysis. However, only sex, age, radicality of surgical treatment and vascular invasion were found to be significant predictors of thyroid cancer deaths in the final multivariate Cox model, whereas cellular atypia and necrosis showed a borderline significance. Our study thus documents the independent importance of certain histological features for morbidity and mortality in surgically treated cases of papillary thyroid cancer.
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PMID:Prognostic importance of various clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. 144 45

A 59-year-old woman was admitted with scleritis, sinusitis, skin eruptions, nodular lesions of both lung fields in chest X-ray films and renal failure. Skin biopsy and elevation of the titer of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody confirmed Wegener's granulomatosis. A right nodular goiter was palpated and a diagnosis of thyroid cancer was made based on aspiration cytology. Although combined therapy with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroid was started and the Wegener's granulomatosis improved and disappeared except for the renal lesion, the renal failure worsened and she died. Apparently only 2 cases of Wegener's granulomatosis complicated with carcinoma as in this case have been reported.
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PMID:Wegener's granulomatosis with papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid. 147 67

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland, which is one of the most aggressive, malignant tumors in humans, is considered to originate from preexisting differentiated thyroid cancer. To define the genetic alterations associated with such progression, we examined nine cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma for mutation in exons 4-9 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Preliminary screening for mutation by RNase protection analysis demonstrated that two out of nine anaplastic carcinomas contained sequence alterations in the p53 gene. Subsequent DNA sequencing identified the mutated nucleotides in these two cases; one was a nonsense mutation at codon 165, and the other was a single-base deletion at codon 176 resulting in the creation of a stop codon downstream due to frameshift. The fact that no mutations were detected in coexisting foci of papillary carcinomas from the same patients shows that these mutations of the p53 gene occurred after development of papillary carcinomas. These results suggest that p53 gene mutation triggers the progression from differentiated into anaplastic carcinoma in the human thyroid gland.
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PMID:p53 gene mutations associated with anaplastic transformation of human thyroid carcinomas. 148 45

The prognosis of thyroid carcinoma has always been difficult to appreciate because this rather rare carcinoma is polymorph and subject to some very late recurrencies. For these reasons an acceptable prognostic evaluation is only possible with an important material and very long follow-up. From 800 patients operated by the author, 102 (13%) had an extra-capsular tumor, which means for all authors a very poor prognosis. Still two groups must be separated: the anaplastic extracapsular tumors (33/102) gave a very low life expectancy with 17% survival at 5 years and no patient surviving at 8 years. In contrast the differentiated extracapsular tumors, mainly papillary, gave an unexpected survival rate of 35% at 15 years. The more frequent nodular form of differentiated carcinoma (698/800 = 87%) has a much better prognosis, but his slow evolution needs a long follow-up observation. From 160 patients operated on before 1971, 143 (90%) could be all followed during 20 years or more. The over-all survival rate at the 20th year is 83% with 76% of patients free of any recurrence. The analysis of several factors showed that the extension of the primitive operation (lobectomy or total thyroidectomy) does not influence the long term results. More reliable prognostic factors are the degree of histologic differentiation of the tumor, and the age of the patient. Finally, in spite of an excellent overall long-term prognosis, three very late recurrencies were observed in the group of 143 patients followed more than 20 years, respectively 21, 22 and 31 years after the first operation. This makes impossible the certitude of definitive cure of any thyroid cancer.
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PMID:[Is thyroid cancer a severe cancer? (Prognostic study of 800 surgically-treated cases of which 143 nodular differentiated cancers were followed-up for more than 20 years)]. 149 70

In 251 patients of tracheobronchoplasty, the disease distribution and the indicative expansion were analysed. The largest series was lung cancer encountered in 49%, followed by thyroid cancer in 20%, posttracheostomy tracheal stenoses, primary tracheobronchial tumors, and tuberculosis in 7-8% respectively, and others in remaining 4%. In lung cancer, two way of operative modes have been tried, which were carinal resection extensively and sleeve or wedge segmentectomy limitedly. Laryngotracheal anastomosis increased applicable cases in thyroid cancer and posttracheostomy subglottic stenosis. Preoperative irradiation for adenoid cystic carcinoma increased the cases for operation. A new carinal reconstruction via the subaortic arch approach for tuberculous stenosis was successfully underwent. End-to-end anastomosis instead of partial suture was advisable in the early stage of traumatic bronchial rupture. Congenital airway malformation is a disease to be divised some operations which might furthermore increase operative modes. In summary, 38 operative modes have been experienced so far, and these might increase in number depending to diseases.
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PMID:[Diseases and operative modes of tracheobronchoplasty]. 150 98

This study analyzed the impact of prognostic variables of age, sex, histopathological diagnosis, extent of disease at diagnosis, and surgical intervention on well differentiated thyroid carcinoma and how surgical treatment, radioactive iodine, and radiotherapy influence the patients' outcomes. There have been 1599 patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer treated and followed at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1948 to 1989. The median follow-up for all patients was 11.0 yr, with the maximum follow-up being 43 yr and the minimum follow-up being 1 yr. The patients were predominantly female (2.3:1), with papillary (81%) and intrathyroidal carcinomas (42%) at the time of diagnosis. Sixty-six percent of the patients had a total thyroidectomy, 7% received external radiotherapy, and 46% had radioactive iodine as part of the treatment of the original disease; the overall recurrence rate was 23%, and the death rate was 11%. This study showed that treatment with radioactive iodine was the single most powerful prognostic indicator for increased disease-free interval (P less than 0.001) and that its use significantly increased survival as well. No benefit was obtained from treatment with external radiotherapy. Children had the best overall survival, but of the adult patients, females who had intrathyroidal papillary disease treated with total thyroidectomy, who had been given radioactive iodine, and whose disease had been diagnosed between 20-59 yr of age had the best prognosis.
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PMID:The results of various modalities of treatment of well differentiated thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective review of 1599 patients. 151 60

Monoclonal antibodies (TCM-7, -9 and -12) against human thyroid differentiated cancers were established by screening with human thyroid cancers, normal and benign thyroid tissue, and normal human serum protein. A monoclonal antibody (TCM-9) with strong specificity for human thyroid cancer but not for Graves' disease, adenoma or normal thyroid, was shown to recognize a 300 K protein but not to bind to native or mature human thyroglobulin. When TCM-9 was used in immunohistochemical staining tests on more than 30 types of non-thyroid lesions, no reactivity of TCM-9 was observed except with skin immature teratoma, lip squamous carcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma, which revealed weak reactivities. TCM-9 also showed strong reactivity with two undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell lines and one tissue specimen. Thus TCM-9 is a novel monoclonal antibody against the thyroid cancer.
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PMID:Production and properties of novel human thyroid cancer specific monoclonal antibodies. 152 Mar 27

There have been few reports of coexistence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (2 degrees HPT) and thyroid carcinoma. Eleven consecutive patients with 2 degrees HPT who underwent parathyroidectomy were analyzed. They consisted of six males and five females, whose age ranged from 34 to 55 years. None of the patients had a history of irradiation of the head or neck. Associated thyroid nodules were also present in seven patients (64%): four patients with benign nodules, and three patients with papillary carcinomas, and one with papillary carcinoma and two follicular adenomas. This incidence of thyroid carcinoma in the patient group with 2 degrees HPT (36%) was significantly higher than that of the autopsy group in the same geographical area (11%). The level of carboxyl-terminal parathyroid hormone in the patients with thyroid carcinoma was higher than that in the patients without thyroid carcinoma (P less than 0.05). The importance of searching for possible thyroid cancer in patients with 2 degrees HPT should be emphasized.
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PMID:Thyroid carcinoma in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. 154 91

Thyroid carcinoma may invade the mediastinum by direct extension of the primary tumor or metastases to the paratracheal or retroclavicular-parajugular lymph nodes. From 1975 to 1991 in 47 out of 622 thyroid cancer patients (7.6%) [14 papillary (PTC), 5 follicular (FTC), 16 medullary (MTC) and 12 undifferentiated carcinoma (UTC)] transsternal tumor resection has been performed. Four patients (UTC three, MTC one) deceased 7, 8, 35, and 41 days after resection of the primary tumor due to cardiac or tumor disease, and in one patient because of acute arteriotracheal haemorrhage after external irradiation; no patient deceased after transsternal resection as a result of cervicomediastinal lymphadenectomy. At the time of primary operation 80% of patients showed an advanced tumor stage (greater than pT3). In 34% of patients (PTC 64%, FTC 40%, MTC 13%, UTC 25%) no tumor recurrence was observed neither by imaging nor by biochemical methods. In 18 patients a transsternal microdissection of all four cervicomediastinal lymph node compartments has been performed. Histological analyses of excised and tumor involved lymph nodes revealed in 9 patients unilateral cervical and mediastinal and in 9 patients bilateral cervical and mediastinal lymph node metastases. In the case of unilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases 2 out of 2 patients with papillary and 2 out of 6 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma could be cured surgically. In the case of bilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases 3 out of 4 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, but no other thyroid cancer patient were free of disease. In conclusion, main indications for transsternal cervicomediastinal resection in thyroid carcinoma are (1) primary tumors extending to the upper mediastinum, but without lymph node metastases, and (2) thyroid carcinomas with unilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases. In the case of bilateral cervicomediastinal lymph node metastases probable only papillary thyroid carcinomas are supposed to be curable by transsternal multicompartmentectomy.
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PMID:[Trans-sternal cervico-mediastinal primary tumor resection and lymphadenectomy in thyroid gland cancer]. 156 3


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