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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We may recapitulate: Chemotherapy, first of all with adriamycin, has proved successful in thyroid cancer even after exhaustion of the therapeutic measures used so far. The combination of adriamycin with bleomycin and Velbe, corresponding to our preliminary experiences, seems to be superior to a monotherapy with adriamycin. The side effects remain absolutely tolerable. Hence follows concerning further procedure that chemotherapy has to be applied earlier than practiced up to now, i.e. as soon as criteria for metastasition are observed and/or if the primary treatment--operation and irradiation--does not satisfy. Cytostatic therapy apparently is the optimal treatment technique in medullar carcinoma. But it is necessary, moreover, to search for other effective combinations of chemotherapeutic agents, especially in the case of anaplastic carcinoma. Chemotherapy, assisted by thyroid hormone treatment, can certainly be improved further by a more severe assessment of the indication, by early application and, last not least, by better coordination with surgical and radiotherapeutical action.
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PMID:[Drug therapy of thyroid malignomas (author's transl)]. 7 50

The major problem area in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer by large needle biopsy is in the identification of follicular carcinoma and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma. Diagnosis of these tumors is facilitated by use of Bouin's solution as an initial fixative to duplicate the nuclear detail seen in the surgical specimen. As specimen size precludes demonstration of invasive characteristics, details of cellular and follicular architecture must be relied upon to indicate the need for surgical biopsy.
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PMID:Large needle biopsy diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma: problem areas. 9 Apr 77

The authors describe histopathologic aspects in ten cases of thyroid carcinoma with amyloid stroma. This form of cancer represents 3.4% of all the thyroid cancer cases in the last five years in the Institute of Endocrinology. Microscopic examination reveals a polymorphous picture alongside with amyloid deposits. The authors attribute to the tumor cells an important role in producing thyroid amyloidosis.
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PMID:Histopathologic observations on thyroid carcinoma with amyloid stroma. 12 77

There is a potential hazard of thyroid cancer after exposure to external irradiation for the treatment of adolescent acne vulgaris. We noted a 60% incidence of thyroid carcinoma among 20 patients with such a history, who were operated on for thyroid nodules during a five-year period. Eighty-three percent of the patients with carcinoma had either a follicular or a mixed papillary-follicular carcinoma; 17% had a papillary carcinoma; 33% had regional node metastases; none had evidence of distant metastases. The interval between radiation exposure and thyroidectomy ranged from nine to 41 years. This association of thyroid neoplasms and a prior history of radiation for acne vulgaris may be coincidental and therefore remains to be proved by retrospective surveys of large numbers of treated patients with appropriate controls.
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PMID:Thyroid neoplasms after radiation therapy for adolescent acne vulgaris. 14 27

The authors studied the cytoenzymic pattern of various thyropathies. The highest enzymic activity was found in Graves' disease, especially for peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase showed a great activity in thyroid cancer. The lowest activity was found in Hashimoto's thyroiditis with strong fibrosclerosis. The cytophotometrical data in form of histograms showed dextro-deviation of curves and plurimodal, irregular aspects of nuclear volumes and nucleic acid content in agreement with the cytological features of the investigated thyropathies. The linear regression analysis between the nuclear volumes and the nucleic acid content disclosed a diminished correlation in thyroid carcinoma and in euthyroid goitre.
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PMID:Cytochemistry--a tool in thyroid pathology. 20 12

In the treatment of thyroid carcinoma, there is still some discussion about the best operation for a solitary and well encapsulated nodule. 18 years ago, it was decided to treat every case of "cold" thyroid nodule by total lobectomy and isthmectomy. 56 patients were reevaluated 5 to 18 years after such limited operation for malignant nodules. 8 of them died between the 19 th month and the 14 th year after surgery, the death being possibly related to the thyroid cancer in only 4 patients, but without any clinical evidence of local recurrence. Among 50 surviving patients, only one controlateral recurrence was observed, two years after lobectomy; it was treated by surgical totalisation of thyroidectomy, without any new recurrence after 10 more years. These results (although the small number of cases, and too short follow-up exclude definitive conclusions) are comparable to those obtained by a more aggresive surgical approach, but have the great advantage of total absence of any functional sequellae. So are we encouraged to go further in the experience of a rather conservative surgery in the treatment of uninodular thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:[Is unilateral total lobectomy adequate treatment for a single malignant thyroid nodule? 67 patients operated upon between 5 and 18 years age (author's transl)]. 33 85

Radioiodine (131I) treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is a well-evaluated therapeutic model for nuclear medicine which has never been equaled by subsequent developments. It is still a unique method of treating cancer. The treatment of thyroid cancer begins with a systematic approach to the most common first symptom or sign; a neck mass. Data have accumulated to show that well-differentiated thyroid cancer does kill commonly enough to warrant aggressive treatment, even in young individuals. There is also evidence that the more complete the thyroidectomy, the lower the death and recurrence rate of the thyroid cancer, and the more effective the use of 131I in both detecting and treating metastases. There are now considerable data demonstrating that 131I after surgery decreases both the recurrence rate and death rate from well-differentiated thyroid cancer. After uptake is "ablated", there is a 1%--2% recurrence rate in patients with the most extensive disease at the time of the initial treatment. This recurrence is effectively retreated with another dose of 131I. Surgery and 131I should be used as long as they are effective before resorting to teletherapy. There are now considerable data to show that the morbidity of surgical and 131I treatment is reasonable in contrast to the recurrence and death rate from nonaggressively treated well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Serious consideration should be given to using a low iodine diet before treatment with radioiodine.
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PMID:The treatment of thyroid carcinoma with radioactive iodine. 34 48

The well differentiated thyroid carcinomas are uncommon but are increasing in frequency. This increase may be related to the recognition that even low doses of irradiation to the thyroid may be carcinogenic with a latency period of 10, 20 or more years to clinical tumor expression. Although unproven for human cancers, elevated TSH levels will enhance irradiation-associated tumor development in animal models. Currently, a large portion of the population is at an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer because of head and neck irradiation received from 1920 to 1950 for various benign conditions or more recently for the treatment of lymphoma or carcinoma. Whether these individuals should receive thyroid hormone suppression of TSH is not known but careful yearly evaluation is essential followed by open surgical biopsy chould a nodule develop. Treatment of the well differentiated thyroid carcinoma is controversial due to a lack of adequate long-term, controlled trials. Based on current data, it is the author's opinion that surgery should in most cases be followed with radioactive iodine ablation of all remaining tissue which can concentrate iodine followed by lifelong thyroid hormone replacement sufficient to correct hypothyroidism and suppress thyroid stimulating hormone. All patients require close follow-up with examination and, possibly, imaging for 20 or more years.
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PMID:Well differentiated thyroid carcinoma: epidemiology, etiology and treatment. 39 Oct 42

Authors studied the ultrastructural characteristics of the following thyroid cancer: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. Some specific ultrastructural-functional correlations for each type of thyroid cancer could be established. Papillary and follicular carcinoma had some common features: larger nuclei than in benign lesions, a highly increased number of mitochondria, a reduced endoplasmic reticulum, cell junctions between the cells and an intact basal lamina. In addition, papillary carcinoma presented stage I and stage II nuclear inclusions, and nuclear invaginations that contained cytoplasm. The higher malignancy of follicular carcinoma compared with that of papillary carcinoma was assigned to less differentiated areas corresponding to the compact fields. Undifferentiated carcinoma consisted of large pleomorphic cells (spindle and giant cells) with abundant mitochondria, a flat rough endoplasmic reticulum, scanty secretory granules and lysosomes, cell junctions, all suggesting their common epithelial origin. Ultrastructure of medullary carcinoma contributed to the explanation of the amyloid origin and of granule types in correlation with hormone storage in cells.
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PMID:An electron-microscopic study of human thyroid cancer. 39 93

The authors studied in cryostat sections and in smears from thyroid aspirates the cytoenzymic pattern of the following thyreopathies: euthyroid goitre, GRAVES' disease, hyperthyroidized goitre, HASHIMOTO's thyroiditis and folliculo-papillary carcinoma. A biochemical study was simultaneously performed. According to the investigated thyreopathies the highest enzymic activity was found in the GRAVES' disease especially for peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. Lactate dehydrogenase showed a great activity in thyroid cancer. The lowest activity was found in the HASHIMOTO's thyroiditis with strong fibrosclerosis. The same pattern was found in thyroid smears from fine needle aspirates. The biochemical analysi revealed a strong parallelism with cytoenzymic results. The isozymic pattern of lactate dehydrogenase showed no significant differences between the thyreopathies.
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PMID:Cytoenzymologic activities of some oxidreductases in thyreopathies. 41 22


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