Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007097 (carcinoma)
 152,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum prolactin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays in 98 patients with established carcinoma of breast, 12 patients with cystic mastitis and 10 patients with gynaecomastia and compared with that of age matched normal control women. The serum prolactin levels in the patients with breast cancer, gynaecomastia or cystic mastitis were observed to be similar to that in normal women. It was interesting to note that the levels of prolactin in the luteal phase of the cycle were higher than that in the early follicular phase in normal women.
Br J Cancer 1975 Aug
PMID:Circulating levels of prolactin in human breast cancer. 0 74

EBV-neutralizing antibody titers were determined in 11 sera derived from African Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and in the corresponding serum fractions retained above XM 100 Diaflo membranes after low pH treatment, and after recombination of the retained and passed fractions by neutralization of the acidified samples. They were compared with the corresponding antimembrane antigen (MA) titers in seven of the same sera. While all sera tested showed substantial increase of the anti-MA activity in the retained fraction, resulting in a significantly increased mean titer, EBV neutralizing activity did not change at all after identical treatment or changed only in a random fashion, resulting in stable mean titers. It is suggested that anti-MA and neutralizing antibodies are directed against at least partly different antigens on the virus.
Int J Cancer 1976 Jan 15
PMID:Comparison between two antibody populations in the EBV system: anti-MA versus neutralizing antibody activity. 0 59

150-200 g heavy, Walker-carcinoma bearing, male Sprague-Dawley-rats showed rapid, tumour weight dependent, loss of liver glycogen until complete depletion in tumour groups heavier than 40 g/animal. Simultaneously the glycogen mobilization after massive glucagon stimulation, was successivly diminished and finally abolished in different groups with increasing tumor weight. Concomitantly the spontaneous and stimulated activity of liver phosphorylase a was found markedly reduced in advanced tumour cachexia, the extent of stimulation of liver phosphorylase a activity by intracardial injections of epinephrine not being altered. Tumour induced inhibition of glycogen mobilization thus appears to have been excluded. To account for the relative late pronounced hypoglycemia in peripherial rat blood in face of the early loss of liver glycogen, accelerated gluconeogenesis has been postulated. In accord with this spontaneous rise in liver tyrosine amino transferase was found in tumour bearing rats along with a doubled maximal stimulation value after medrol injection as compared to control groups. This behavior could not be shown for liver alanine aminotransferase and liver fructose 1,6-di-phosphatase. The former showed no differences between control and tumour groups neither of spontaneous nor of stimulated activity. The latter showed only a very reluctant rise after massive stimulation by triamcinolone for 3 days in the control groups, the tumour bearing groups showing no deviation from spontaneous control values.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1976 Jan 02
PMID:[Biochemical investigations of cancer cachexia. II. Depletion of glycogenolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis in Walker carcinoma 256 bearing rats (author's transl)]. 0 45

The biochemical properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in a nonmetastasizing and a spontaneously metastasizing rat mammary carcinoma were compared. The phosphooiesterases in both tumors had a pH optimum of around 8.0 and preferentially hydrolysed cyclic purine nucleotides. The rate of hydrolysis of purine nucleotides in the nonmetastasizing tumor was two times higher than in the metastasizing tumor, but the rate of pyrimidine nucleotide hydrolysis was equal in both tumors. Theophylline, caffeine, and D,L-4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro20-1724) inhibited the enzyme activity in both tumors; the percent inhibition was the same by each inhibitor. The cyclic nucleotie phosphodiesterase activity in either tumor was stimulated by Mg++, Mn++, and Co++ and suppressed by Ca++, Zn,++, and Ni++. EDTA inhibited the activity below the basal level (activity in the absence of added cation), an this inhibition could be recovered up to the basal level by an equimolar quantity of either Mn++ or Mg++. Further stimulation of the enzyme activity with increasing concentrations of divalent cations was observed only with Mn++. Similar effects were observe with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-tn,n-tetraacetic acid. The stimulatory cations affected both the low and high Michaelis constant (tkm) enzymes in these tumors by increasing the maximum velocity. In the low Km enzyme, the Km was also slightly increased. Neither guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate nor adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate had any effect on the hydrolysis of the other at physiologic levels.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1976 Jan
PMID:Biochemical properties of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing rat mammary carcinomas. 0 60

Aflatoxicol, R0, was isolated from Mt. Shasta strain rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and liver homogenates were incubated with aflatoxin B1. Its identity was confirmed by mass, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrometry. The structure was identical to one of the diastereomers prepared by chemical reduction of aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxicol was apparently formed by a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent soluble enzyme of the 105,000 x g supernatant from rainbow trout. Aflatoxicol was not lethal in phosphate buffer to Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 (metB4, hisA1, uvr-1) nor were aflatoxins B1, Q1, and B2. In the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and trout liver microsomes, aflatoxicol reduced the viability of B. subtilis. Aflatoxin B2, which lacks the vinyl ether present in the other compounds, could not be activated. The product of aflatoxin B1 activation by trout liver microsomes was sought after incubation of 14C-labeled aflatoxin B1. The radioactivity was found in unaltered aflatoxin B1 and in three extremely polar metabolites. The quantity of the new metabolites and the level of microbial lethality was reduced by addition of cytosine and cysteine to the incubation medium. The vinyl ether configuration was a structural requirement for activation, and this finding and the nature of the enzymatic reaction were consistent with the hypothesis that the compounds were metabolized to highly reactive and unstable electrophilic products which bound to nucleophiles such as cytosine and were lethal to B. subtilis. The formation of aflatoxicol as the major product of trout liver metabolism is of great significance considering that it could be activated to a lethal compound and that rainbow trout are one of the most sensitive species to aflatoxin B1-induced carcinoma.
Cancer Res 1976 Jun
PMID:Aflatoxin B1 metabolism to aflatoxicol and derivatives lethal to Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) liver. 0 90

Rat urinary bladder carcinoma R-4909 grew readily in vitro. In areas where saturation density occurred in the cultures, occasional hemicysts were observed. A modification of technique producing "packed cultures" resulted in the appearance of greater numbers of hemicysts. Four clonal isolates of R-4909 were also studied in packed culture. Clone B formed hemicysts in abundance. Clone D produced occasional hemicysts similar to the parent stock line. No hemicysts were seen in cultures of clone A or clone C. The number of hemicysts formed by clone B in packed culture was responsive to the ratio between cell number and volume of medium, to serum concentration in the medium, and to pH of the medium. The last was of particular interest since a pH of 7.8 enhanced and a pH of 6.6 inhibited hemicyst formation. The effects were all reversible. On scanning electron microscopy, we found well-developed cell membrane structures between contiguous cells. In media with sufficient serum for hemicyst formation, the articulations between cells were prominent. With low serum concentrations, hemicysts did not form and the intercellular articulations were less distinct. We interpret the formation of hemicysts as an expression of fluid transport by epithelia, a function that requires a constellation of differentiated characteristics within cells and in their level of integrated association.
Cancer Res 1976 Aug
PMID:Conditions of cultivation required for the formation of hemicysts in vitro by rat bladder carcinoma R-4909. 0 46

Prolactin binding in ovariectomy-responsive and ovariectomy-nonresponsive carcinoma in the Wistar/Furth rat is compared. The time course of binding of prolactin at 4, 24, ad 37 degrees for mammary tumor (MTW9) coimplanted with MtTW10, a mammosomatotropic pituitary tumor (MTW9-MtT) or with MTW9 maintained with daily perphenazine injections (MTW9-P) was measured. Maximum binding to membranes of both tumors occurred at 4 degrees after about 30 hours incubation. The binding was inhibited by polypeptide hormones that possess lactogenic activity. Mammary tumors from animals maintained on perphenazine had a 4-fold greater binding capacity than did tumors from MtT-supported animals. When perphenazine therapy was halted the binding capacity of MTW9-P membranes was unaffected. This result held when MTW9-P animals were ovariectomized. Resection of MtT resulted in tumor regression, a fall to normal of serum prolactin, and a nearly 3-fold increase in prolactin binding. Scatchard plots of prolactin binding data yield an apparent affinity constant, K(a) of 1.2 X 10(9) liters/mole for both tumors.
Cancer Res 1977 May
PMID:Prolactin binding in ovariectomy-responsive and ovariectomy-nonresponsive rat mammary carcinoma. 1 19

In DA X Wistar F1 rats, growth of 10(4) Wistar-specific Sp 1 carcinoma cells s.c. was commonly prevented by a mild subclinical graft=versus-host reaction produced by injecting 50 X 10(6) Wistar spleen cells i.p. either concurrently with the tumor or 7 to 14 days previously, Spleen cells alone had no effect on established tumor, but their injection on Day 14 significantly reduced the recurrence rate after excision of tumor on Day 21. In vitro tests in tumor-bearing rats with graft-versus-host reactions showed increased spleen lymphocyte and serum cytotoxicity; these mechanisms may inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Because Wistar lymphocytes and Sp 1 cells are syngeneic, inhibition of tumor cannot be due to allograft rejection but is probably an effect of increased host immunoreactivity during the graft-versus-host reaction.
Cancer Res 1977 May
PMID:Effects of graft-versus-host reaction on inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and on tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. 1 23

In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a similar disruption in actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts (passage 6-10) obtained by biopsy from patients with the inherited colonic cancer, adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). Because ACR is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, about half the children of ACR patients will develop colon cancer, but they typically remain asymptomatic until at least the second decade of life. Actin distribution within cultured cells from children of ACR patients was identical either to that seen in cultured cells from normal persons or to that seen in cultured cells from ACR patients. The two different patterns were independent of age, sex, drug treatment, or infections of the donors. Apparently, this class of colonic carcinoma is accompanied by a systemic aberration in the organization of fibroblast cytoplasm, and this aberration can be detected by immunofluorescent localization of actin within cultured skin fibroblasts, prior to manifestation of any colonic symptoms.
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PMID:Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma. 1 40

Content of free glutamine and the activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamine transaminase were studied in practically healthy persons and in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, ulcerous disease, polyposis and with gastric carcinoma. The enzymatic activity was estimated in the areas of ulcerous impairment, of polypous vegetation of malignant neoplasm as well as in mucous membrane out of the impaired zone and in whole blood of all the patients studied. The tissues for biochemical tests were obtained by the directed gastrobiopsy. Content of glutamine was decreased in blood of patients with gastric carcinoma and increased in mucous membrane adjacent to the malignant tissue. Occurrence of the glutamine transaminase activity in the tissue areas studied was due to the specific glutamine metabolism during pretumoral diseases and gastric carcinoma, whereas the unimpaired gastric mucosa did not have the distinct enzymatic activity.
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PMID:[Specificity of glutamine metabolism in pre-tumorous diseases and cancer of the human stomach]. 2 85


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