Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two breast carcinomas with membrane bound granules by electron microscopy were tested for the presence of neuron specific enolase (NSE), neuropeptides and serotonin by immunohistochemistry. By light microscopy the cases studied included infiltrating ductal carcinomas, intraductal carcinomas, apocrine carcinomas, infiltrating lobular carcinomas of both classical and alveolar types, mixed lobular/colloid carcinomas, carcinoid growth pattern and one unclassified carcinoma. Ten cases showed immunoreactivity for 1 or 2 neuropeptides in scattered cells whereas all cases were positively and rather diffusely stained with anti-NSE. Immunohistochemical staining at the ultrastructural level was carried out; the presence of neuropeptides could not be confirmed. Scattered granules were marked with gold particles when antiserum against casein was used. We conclude that neither argyrophilia, nor NSE immunoreactivity nor membrane bound granules seen by electron microscopy constitute at present sufficient evidence to designate a breast carcinoma as neuroendocrine. However, our study indicates that certain breast carcinomas of several types do include cells with neuroendocrine features demonstrable convincingly by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. We have no evidence that these breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features behave differently from their counterparts lacking such features. The intriguing speculation is that neuropeptides produced by certain breast carcinomas may act as local modulators of tumor growth and differentiation.
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PMID:Breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. 406 Feb 59

We investigated non-specific staining in a catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) reaction and improved its blocking methods in supersensitive immunohistochemistry, based on our simplified catalyzed signal amplification (CSA) system (Hasui et al. 2002). In the CARD reaction using biotinyl tyramide, non-specific staining could be reduced by pretreatment with a casein solution or 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA)-phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with 0.1% Tween 20. In the CARD reaction using FITC-labeled tyramide, non-specific staining could be blocked by pretreatment with 0.3% BSA-PBS with 0.1% Tween 20 or 3% polyethylene glycol-PBS with 01% Tween 20. Thus, our new simplified CSA system features: 1) destruction of the endogenous peroxidase activity; 2) blocking of the nonspecific reaction of the primary antibody; 3) a primary antibody reaction; 4) blocking of the non-specific reaction of the polymer reagent by casein treatment; 5) a polymer reaction; 6) blocking of the non-specific reaction of CARD reaction by casein treatment; 7) a CARD reaction; and 8) detection of deposited tyramide. This new system proved useful for detecting an extremely low amount of antigen in the endogenous biotin-rich tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and liver. By this method, the Ki67 antigen in the G1 phase cell cycle could be detected and a metabolic disorder of the Ki67 antigen was implicated in a carcinoid tumor in the stomach. We believe that this new simplified CSA system represents a new standard of supersensitive immunohistochemistry for use in light-microscopic investigation.
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PMID:A new simplified catalyzed signal amplification system for minimizing non-specific staining in tissues with supersensitive immunohistochemistry. 1582 74