Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report describes the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a case of adenocarcinoma resembling fetal lung in a 53-yr-old male, a very uncommon malignant tumor of the lung that is similar to an early stage of lung differentiation. FNA smears revealed relatively small, fairly uniform tumor cells appearing as cohesive cell groups and scattered, isolated cells, some of them showing a rosette or acinus pattern. In addition, clusters of larger cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli existed contiguously with the small cells or separately. The possibilities of an unusual type of adenocarcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and pulmonary blastoma were suggested by the cytologic findings. Immunohistochemical studies performed on a resected tumor tissue showed immunoreactivity for alpha-fetoprotein, neuron-specific enolase, and somatostatin, and endocrine-type granules were found ultrastructurally. This type of adenocarcinoma is considered to have a histogenesis similar to that of pulmonary blastoma. To our knowledge this is the first reported case in the cytologic literature.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of pulmonary adenocarcinoma of fetal type: report of a case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. 165 59

16 patients (14 males, 2 females, mean age: 59.2 years) underwent sonographic-guided ethanol injections as treatment for 23 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) complicating cirrhosis. All lesions were pathologically proven by sonographic-guided cytology. Tumor sizes ranged from 9 to 66 mm. Sterile 96% alcohol was injected with a 17.7 cm-long 22 gauge spinal needle at one week intervals. At each session, 8-50 ml was injected depending on the diameter of the tumor. We regarded as a "success" the negativation of the cytologies one, two and three months after the end of the treatment associated with normalization of alpha-fetoprotein levels and typical echographic and tomodensitometric changes. No serious complication was associated with the procedure. In the "Child A" group1, 6 of 7 tumors have been successfully treated, the largest measuring 66 mm. The seventh lesion is currently being treated. In the "Child B" group1 3 of 6 lesions have been successfully treated. No success has been obtained in the "Child C" group. Volumes of alcohol greater than previously reported may be useful for lesions larger than 40 mm. Percutaneous alcohol injections can be considered as an alternative to surgery even for lesions larger than 50 mm. Among 4 patients presenting with 11 liver metastases of colic and gastric adenocarcinoma and 1 patient with a small bowel carcinoid tumor, one remission with a follow-up of 5 months was observed.
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PMID:[Percutaneous ethanol injection of malignant liver tumors under ultrasonographic guidance]. 165 40

Elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (100-1,000 ng/ml) were found in three patients with islet cell tumors. Serial levels correlated with progression of disease, suggesting that AFP could be a useful tumor marker substance for islet cell tumors. Survey sera from an expanded pool of 23 patients with islet cell tumors and nine with carcinoid tumors did not identify additional cases, however, suggesting that elevated AFP levels in these classes of Apudomas are uncommon. Nonetheless, the distinction from other AFP-producing tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma is clinically important and warrants an awareness of the rare association of AFP with these tumors.
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PMID:Alpha-fetoprotein associated with islet cell tumors. 243 69

A 67-year-old man presented with a pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor with marked elevation of the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level to 181,000 ng/ml and no hepatic metastases. Immunohistochemistry revealed AFP-positive fine granules, sparsely distributed in some cells. The proportion of the concanavalin A nonbinding subfraction was 33.7%. Light microscopy revealed hyaline globules within or outside the clear and reticular cytoplasm of a few cells. These were ultrastructurally electron-dense materials similar to the hyaline bodies observed in yolk sac tumors. The Grimelius silver method stained only a few cells and very few cells showed a positive Masson-Fontana reaction. Electron microscopy revealed secretory granules measuring 220 nm on the average in scattered cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed 5-hydroxytryptophan in many cells and 5-hydroxytriptamine or serotonin in only a few cells. As for polypeptide hormones, gastrin was detected and in autopsy specimens carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunoreactive cells were observed. Past case reports on the coexistence of carcinoid tumors and adenocarcinomas in the digestive tract suggest that the tumor cells in our case are also derived from primitive or stem cells of endodermal origin and expressed unusual differentiation in the course of treatment.
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PMID:Pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor with marked alphafetoprotein production and features of an adenocarcinoma differentiation. 246 82

Multiple primary hepatic carcinoid tumours of the liver was a chance finding at autopsy of an 81-year-old woman. There had been no signs of this or any other paraneoplastic syndrome in life. The tumour had a characteristic solid-alveolar structure (type A of Soga) with only a few atypical cells. Neuron-specific enolase and chromogranin were demonstrated immunohistologically in almost all tumour cells, but S-100 protein, human choriogonadotropin and serotonin in only a few. Peptides and alpha-fetoprotein, however, could not be demonstrated in the tumours. Electronmicroscopy revealed secretory granules of variable size and density in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells.
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PMID:[Carcinoid tumor of the liver]. 270 29

A case of pure, primary testicular carcinoid tumor in a 27-seven-year-old male is reported. The patient presented with a painless enlargement of the right testis but the serum markers for testicular cancer, including alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase, were not elevated. Right orchiectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor showed a typical appearance of carcinoid tumor. Further examinations such as barium studies, computed tomographic scan and Ga scintigraphy, showed no other lesions, and he received an adjuvant chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin. He is well and free from symptoms 17 months after surgery.
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PMID:[Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis: a case report]. 305 53

The patient was a 60-year-old Japanese male. He complained of epigastralgia and right chest pain of 4 month's duration, and general malaise, nausea and vomiting of 2 month's duration. Physical examination revealed on the right third rib a tender mass with a diameter of 2 cm and hepatomegaly with a multi-nodular surface and red palms. There were no signs of carcinoid syndrome, such as cutaneous flushing. Laboratory examinations disclosed certain biochemical alterations; alkaline phosphatase 810 IU/l, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) 2090 IU/l, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 23.5 ng/ml and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 6,800 ng/ml. Both HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab were negative. The patient died in a uremic state, with rapid increases of jaundice and ascites. Autopsy revealed gastric carcinoid with extensive metastases to the liver and the bone marrow. Tumor cells showed argyrophilia but not argentaffinity. Immunofluorescence specific for AFP was positive in the hepatocytes, particularly those adjacent to the metastatic tumor cells but not in the tumor cells, either primary or secondary. 79 cases reported in Japan of serum AFP-positive malignant tumor other than hepatocellular carcinoma and certain other malignancies of germ cell origin are reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein-positive gastric carcinoid with liver metastasis. 616 67

Metastatic carcinoma to the testis is unusual. There are only seven previously reported cases in which a testicular mass was the first clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy. The authors review 127 cases in which the testis was involved by metastatic carcinoma, and describe an additional two patients in whom a malignant testicular mass was the presenting sign of an underlying nontesticular carcinoma. The tumors most commonly reported to metastasize to the testis are: prostate (45 cases), lung (25 cases), melanoma (12 cases), colon (11 cases), kidney (10 cases), stomach (6 cases), and pancreas (5 cases). Neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, carcinoid tumor, and cancers of the bile duct, ureter, bladder, salivary gland, and thyroid have also involved the testis secondarily. Nineteen patients (15%) had bilateral testicular metastases. Patients with secondary testicular neoplasms were older in general than those with germ cell tumors (mean, 55 years; median, 57 years). Histologically, the presence of extensive lymphatic and vascular invasion and an interstitial pattern, in which the seminiferous tubules are spared, is suggestive of a metastasis. In four of the nine cases (44%) in which testicular enlargement was the first manifestation of an underlying carcinoma the correct pathologic diagnosis was initially missed. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are occasionally elevated in patients with nontesticular primary tumors, but markedly elevated levels in young patients suggest a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, as does positive immunoperoxidase staining for AFP and HCG.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoma involving the testis. Clinical and pathologic distinction from primary testicular neoplasms. 620 34

A 17-year-old girl had an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor associated with elevation of the serum alpha-fetoprotein level. On microscopic examination, the tumor had a predominantly spindled cellular stroma containing open and solid tubules, focal clusters of hepatoid cells, and heterologous carcinoid. Alpha-fetoprotein was demonstrated within the hepatoid cells by immunohistochemical techniques. After surgery, serum alpha-fetoprotein level fell to normal, and the patient is still free of tumor 8 months later.
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PMID:Expression of alpha-fetoprotein by ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Case report and review of the literature. 748 11

This study aimed at obtaining a better understanding of the malignant characteristics of carcinoids (gut endocrinomas) of the digestive system. After excluding cases with no possible individual identification as for age and sex, 2001 carcinoid cases with metastases among 5647 of the digestive system computerized in the Niigata Registry were thus subject to the present analysis. These cases were divided into two groups: [A] 1719 with ordinary carcinoid histology and [B] 282 with atypical varieties including argyrophil (endocrine) cell carcinomas, small/oat cell carcinomas of endocrine type, composite carcinoid-adenocarcinoma varieties and other neuroendocrine tumors. In many aspects, a comparative analysis demonstrated statistical differences between [A] and [B]: average age (55.7 vs 60.1), the rates of metastases (34.4% vs 55.6%), the association of carcinoid syndrome (21.4% vs 2.8%), tumor size 20mm or less (42.2% vs 22.5%), depth of invasion down to the submucosa (21.6% vs 11.7%) and transmural invasion (34.3% vs 47.7%), immunohistochemistry of neuron-specific enolase (86.5% vs 66.7%), chromogranin (86.1% vs 67.6%), vasointestinal polypeptides, ACTH and alpha-fetoprotein, and the 5-year survival rate (61.4% vs 17.9%). No statistical differences between these two groups were found in the male to female ratio, serotonin activities and Grimelius argyrophilia. Although no generally acceptable definite criteria and definition for atypical carcinoid varieties have yet established, neoplasias of this category seem to have a wide range of histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical features that may mostly be placed in between ordinary carcinoids and ordinary carcinomas.
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PMID:Statistical evaluation of 2001 carcinoid cases with metastases, collected from literature: a comparative study between ordinary carcinoids and atypical varieties. 964 27


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