Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen cases of resectable peripheral small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung were studied (average size, 2.1 cm; range, 0.9-3.5 cm). The carcinomas exhibited predominantly mixed intermediate and fusiform/spindle subtypes; in seven carcinomas there were at least some foci of oat cell subtype. There was no histologic evidence of typical carcinoid tumor. Seven cases were fixed in solutions appropriate for immunohistologic study; these exhibited prominent neuron-specific enolase activity but less prominent and more variable staining for the carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratins. All 17 cases were deemed resectable and had no clinical or radiologic evidence of metastasis. Seven (41%) patients died with recurrent and/or metastatic carcinoma (average survival, 1.7 years); five of these patients had carcinomas with at least some foci of oat cell foci subtype.
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PMID:Peripheral small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung. Clinicopathologic features of 17 cases. 282 82

A 26-yr-old male was submitted to bilateral adrenalectomy in 1977 for Cushing's syndrome. Some months later he developed intense skin hyperpigmentation together with increased ACTH levels (149 to 4000 ng/l). The sellar region was always normal in X-ray studies. In April 1985, when the patient complained of chest pain, a chest x-ray showed a polycyclic mass in the upper left lobe of the lung. ACTH ranged from 20,000 to 100,000 ng/l, with no response to CRF or cyproheptadine administration. Urinary 5-OH-indolacetic acid was negative. Thoracotomy was performed in July 1985 with resection of two intrapulmonary masses. Histologic study demonstrated a carcinoid tumor, with positive neuron-specific enolase and ACTH immunochemical stain. ACTH concentration in tumoral tissue was 91 pg/g tissue. After surgery ACTH fell dramatically to 37 ng/l, and has remained at this level since then, associated with resolution of the skin hyperpigmentation.
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PMID:Diagnosis of lung carcinoid with cutaneous hyperpigmentation eight years after bilateral adrenalectomy. 283 Dec 64

Laryngeal paraganglioma, carcinoid tumor, and small-cell carcinoma are rare. Histologically they are similar to analogous tumors in other locations but may be difficult to identify in small biopsy specimens. We compared the light microscopic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features of two laryngeal paragangliomas, one carcinoid tumor, and six small-cell carcinomas. The paraganglioma chief cells stained with Grimelius stain and for chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase. The carcinoid tumor cells stained with Grimelius stain and for chromogranin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolase, and keratin. The small-cell carcinoma cells stained for keratin and neuron-specific enolase. The patients with paragangliomas and carcinoid tumor remain healthy through 20 months of follow-up. Four of the patients with small-cell carcinomas have died. Distinction between these tumors is warranted by differing histologic appearances, staining characteristics, and biologic behavior.
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PMID:A comparison of paraganglioma, carcinoid tumor, and small-cell carcinoma of the larynx. 284 51

The features of 192 primary thymic tumours occurring in the rat are described. Of these neoplasms, 170 were classified as benign thymomas, one as a benign fibrous histiocytoma, 20 as various types of malignant thymoma, 3 lympho-epithelioma-like carcinomas, one mixed small cell undifferentiated-squamous cell carcinoma, one sarcoma-like carcinoma, 4 undifferentiated carcinomas, 11 squamous cell carcinomas and the one remaining tumour as a carcinoid. A mouse, anti-epithelial, monoclonal antibody, lu-5, was used to confirm the epithelial nature of the malignant thymomas, and neuron-specific enolase to confirm the diagnosis of carcinoid. The tumours showed many features in common with those reported in man.
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PMID:Primary tumours of the thymus in the rat. 284 60

The localization of bombesin gene products in neuroendocrine tumors was achieved by a number of techniques used in combination. These included immunocytochemistry, radioimmunoassay, and chromatographic procedures using a variety of region-specific antibodies recognizing separate portions of probombesin. In situ hybridization using cRNA probes was employed to analyze bombesin gene expression at a cellular level. A novel procedure using a divalent form of bombesin and gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies for the localization of bombesin binding sites at the ultrastructural level was employed in this study. Antibodies to neuron-specific enolase and electron microscopy were employed for the determination of neuroendocrine differentiation. Surgical samples of pulmonary (n = 250) and nonpulmonary (n = 28) small cell carcinomas, 49 carcinoids, and 62 atypical lung carcinoids were investigated and compared with 169 control tumors, including lymphomas, adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and non-small-cell undifferentiated tumors. Cell lines cultured from pulmonary small cell carcinoma and smear preparations of pleural effusions from patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were also investigated. Strong immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase was noted in all neuroendocrine tumors investigated, and no immunoreactivity was noted in control cases. Electron-dense neurosecretory granules were abundant in carcinoid tumors, scattered in small cell carcinoids, and absent in control cases. Immunostaining for bombesin was particularly strong in benign carcinoids, whereas the more malignant neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., small cell carcinomas) stained best with antibodies to the carboxyl-terminal flanking portion of human probombesin (proGRP). These findings were further validated by radioimmunoassay and chromatography of tissue extracts. Specific binding sites for bombesin were demonstrated on the surface of small cell carcinoma cells maintained in culture. In situ hybridization demonstrated mRNA for preprobombesin in all small cell carcinomas investigated, including surgical samples, cytological preparations, and cell lines. Hybridization reactions varied in intensity, with some cells in autoradiograms almost masked by silver grains and others showing much lighter deposits.
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PMID:Localization of bombesin-like peptides in tumors. 285 95

A case of prostatic carcinoma with the cellular patterns of an adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor is reported. The tumor contained ultrastructural dense core neuroendocrine granules, and immunoperoxidase staining revealed prostatic acid phosphatase, prostatic-specific antigen, chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, serotonin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), somatostatin, parathormone, calcitonin, bombesin, and glucagon but no insulin. The patient had exhibited hypercalcemia that may have been related to hormone production by the tumor. The literature on the endocrine aspect of the prostate and its tumor is reviewed.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinoma with endocrine features. A report of a neoplasm containing multiple immunoreactive hormonal substances. 289 Dec 93

A patient had severe peptic ulcer disease complicated by gastric outlet obstruction and choledochoduodenal fistula. Serum gastrin levels were elevated preoperatively to 340 ng/L. A 1.5-cm histologically benign carcinoid tumor of the antrum of the stomach was found at surgery, and surgical resection of the tumor resulted in normalization of serum gastrin levels and amelioration of the peptic acid diathesis. The patient remains asymptomatic at one year. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the carcinoid indeed contained gastrin along with chromogranin, cholecystokinin, and neuron-specific enolase. This is a case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome caused by a benign foregut carcinoid (gastric carcinoid-gastrinoma).
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PMID:A foregut carcinoid tumor causing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. 291 71

Gynecologic malignant tumors were studied by the immunoperoxidase method for neuron-specific enolase (NSE). They included 22 argyrophil cell carcinomas of the endometrium, 6 argyrophil small cell carcinomas of the cervix, 21 argyrophil cell adenocarcinomas of the ovary (endometrioid type, 10; mucinous type, 11) and 3 ovarian carcinoids (strumal type, 2; insular type, 1). NSE was demonstrated in all cases of argyrophil small cell carcinomas of the cervix and ovarian carcinoids. On the other hand, NSE was positive only in four cases of endometrial carcinomas with argyrophil cells. Argyrophil cell adenocarcinomas of the cervix and the ovary were immunohistochemically negative for NSE. The current results suggest that argyrophil small cell carcinoma of the cervix, ovarian carcinoid, and some endometrial argyrophil cell carcinomas are related to APUDoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in gynecologic malignant tumors. 298 59

A case of carcinoid tumor of the appendix with "signet ring" cells pattern and asymptomatic clinical course is presented. The tumor was detected during a Bilroth I gastrectomy procedure. Mucin-secreting cells with cytoplasms often containing argentaffin and argyrophil granules was the predominant histologic pattern. Lack of neuron-specific enolase activity and their positivity for lysozyme and EMA marker indicate an origin from crypt cell and not a neural crest source. After simple appendectomy, the patient was healthy 3 years following surgery.
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PMID:[Signet ring cell carcinoid of the appendix. Morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of a case]. 303 54

We report on a patient with a carcinoid tumour of the ampulla of Vater and review the 33 known cases of the literature with regard to clinical presentation, morphology and therapy. As it is apparent from the location of the tumour, obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis and nonspecific upper abdominal complaints are the most frequent symptoms. The ampullary carcinoid belongs histogenetically to the APUD cell system with the ability of multiple endocrine activity. The expression of somatostatin peptide and neuron-specific enolase are the most common histopathological findings. A systemic function of these hormones, however, has not yet been shown. For diagnostic purposes in surgical pathology we found synaptophysin and chromogranin A to be important markers. For surgical treatment, partial duodenopancreatectomy remains the current therapy of choise, if the tumour exceeds two centimeters in diameter.
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PMID:[Carcinoid tumor of the ampulla of Vater. Morphology, diagnosis and therapy of a rare papilla tumor]. 305 8


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