Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large mediastinal tumour was discovered radiologically in a 50-year-old man, with at times blood-tinged sputum and dyspnoea. Parasternal needle biopsy revealed a thymic carcinoid. After surgical excision of the tumour, which had argyrophilic foci (total weight of tumour 1,605 g), histochemical analysis demonstrated neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin, as well as calcitonin (as the only hormone). For the first time in a thymic carcinoid, radioimmunoassay demonstrated growth-hormone-releasing hormone (2 micrograms/g tumour tissue). Post-operative radiotherapy (total dosage 50.5 Gy) was instituted because histological examination had shown invasion of the capsule and blood vessels. There has been no local recurrence or metastases after three years.
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PMID:[Morphology and clinical picture of thymus carcinoid]. 231 18

A case of primary renal carcinoid in a 34-year-old man is reported. The lesion was morphologically identical to carcinoid tumors arising in the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts. The renal carcinoid was focally argyrophilic and contained chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase disclosed by immunohistochemical studies. The diagnosis was further confirmed by membrane-bound cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules visualized by electron microscopy. The possible histogenesis of this unusual tumor and a review of the literature are discussed.
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PMID:Primary renal carcinoid. 240 81

It is well known that carcinoid tumors and some small-cell carcinomas of the lung contain dense-core granules (DCGs). Moreover, a small number of tumors presenting with epidermoid, large-cell, or adenocarcinoma histologic characteristics (so-called atypical endocrine tumors), also contain DCGs. Herein, we describe certain histochemical features of DCG tumors and compare them with other major lung tumor types that lack DCGs (non-DCG tumors). All DCG tumors contained neuron-specific enolase and many contained serotonin. These markers were not present in any non-DCG tumor. Other histochemical markers (glycogen, mucosubstances, corticotropin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, keratin, somatostatin, and calcitonin) were found in a proportion of DCG and non-DCG tumors, but were, in general, more common in non-DCG tumors and atypical endocrine tumors than in carcinoids and small-cell carcinomas. alpha-Fetoprotein was rarely found in non-DCG tumors, and was never observed in DCG tumors. The atypical endocrine group represents a class of tumors with a remarkably mixed and varied phenotype. Their potential significance is discussed and methods to facilitate their diagnosis are suggested.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of dense-core granulated tumors of the lung. Neuron-specific enolase as a marker for granulated cells. 240 47

Endocrine cells of human small intestinal mucosa, small intestinal carcinoids and carcinoid liver metastases were stained with an immunocytochemical technique using an antiserum against neuron-specific enolase (NSE), with the argyrophil technique of Grimelius and with the argentaffin technique of Masson. In the normal mucosa, scattered NSE-immunoreactive cells were seen mainly in the deeper parts of the crypts. These cells, as shown in the same sections, corresponded to the argentaffin and/or argyrophil cells indicating that they were of endocrine type. All intestinal carcinoids (16 cases) displayed NSE immunoreactivity. However, this reaction did not correlate on the cellular level with the silver techniques employed. Thus, many tumour cells were NSE immunoreactive but lacked an argentaffin or argyrophil reaction and vice versa. On the light microscopical level the silver techniques reveal the presence of neurohormonal granules in the tumour cells, while the NSE immunoreactivity appears to disclose neuroendocrine differentiation of the tumour cells irrespective of their hormone and granular content. Out of 13 carcinoid liver metastases, eight displayed strong NSE immunoreactivity, three were weakly stained and two were unreactive. Consecutive or the same tumour sections showed an argentaffin and argyrophil reaction in all carcinoid metastases. Since silver staining provides one type of information and NSE immunocytochemistry another, they provide in combination a good discriminator for neuroendocrine tumours.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase in mucosal endocrine cells and carcinoid tumours of the small intestine: a comparative study with neuron-specific enolase immunocytochemistry and silver stains. 241 85

The concomitant occurrence of neuropeptide-reactive endometrial carcinoma and ileal carcinoid tumor represents an observation that has been unreported until now. We have seen two patients with this rare combination of tumors. The endometrial carcinomas in these cases manifested focal immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase; in addition, one contained rare cells showing positive staining for gastrin, and the other displayed focal content of substance P. The carcinoid tumors seen in each case demonstrated immunocytochemical positivity for neuron-specific enolase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and one also exhibited immunoreactivity for gastrin. Whether this association of neoplasms represents a syndromic complex or a coincidence is a matter of speculation at present.
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PMID:Concomitant neuropeptide-producing endometrial carcinomas and ileal carcinoid tumors. 242 Jan 66

Four cases of argyrophilic or carcinoid-like prostatic carcinoma were studied immunocytochemically, using immunoperoxidase stains for prostatic-specific antigen, neuron-specific enolase, hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), somatostatin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. All four showed strong positive reaction to prostatic-specific antigen and uniformly negative results with neuron-specific enolase, hydroxytryptamine, somatostatin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. These findings lend further support to the concept that this particular prostatic tumor is truly a carcinoma that somehow manifests a carcinoid-like histomorphology, but does not possess evidence of true neuroendocrine or carcinoidal nature.
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PMID:Argyrophilic, 'carcinoid-like' prostatic carcinoma. An immunocytochemical study. 242 35

Four oat cell carcinomas of the urinary tract (three of the bladder and one of the ureteropelvic junction) were studied using immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods to evaluate the possible histogenesis of these tumors. Ultrastructurally, the oat cell component of the tumors had neurosecretory-type granules and positive immunoreaction for neuron-specific enolase, indicating the endocrine nature of the tumors. Three tumors were mixed with a non-oat cell component: adenocarcinoma and/or transitional carcinoma or carcinoid tumor. There are no previous reports of mixed oat cell and adenocarcinoma or carcinoid tumor of the urinary tract. This report is also the first of an oat cell carcinoma originating in the pelvic ureteric junction.
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PMID:Oat cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. 242 58

Thirteen cases of primary endocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) were reviewed with the aim of defining the morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural criteria for diagnosis. The tumour cells were characterized by their scanty cytoplasm, generally small uniform nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and multiple small nucleoli. Nuclear shapes varied from round to spindle, with larger and pleomorphic forms predominating in 2 tumours. A striking feature seen in 12 tumours was the occurrence of a "ball-in-mitt" pattern represented by 1 or 2 crescentic tumour cells closely wrapped around an oval cell. Staining for neuron-specific enolase was the most consistent marker of the tumour and the characteristic juxtanuclear globular staining for keratin and cytokeratin and the occasional coexpression of neurofilament set this tumour apart from other cutaneous neoplasms, in particular, metastatic carcinoid tumours and oat cell carcinoma from the lung. The fine structural features of note were striking paranuclear or juxtanuclear whorls of intermediate filaments, seen in 7 cases, the presence of variable numbers of membrane-bound dense core granules of 80-150 nm diameter in all cases and cytoplasmic spinous or microvillous projections containing microfilaments in 4 cases. Less consistent characteristics of primary endocrine carcinomas of the skin included cell moulding, argyrophilia and immunohistochemical staining for ACTH, VIP and calcitonin. The high frequency of vessel invasion in this series is in keeping with the high rate of local recurrence, lymph node metastases and visceral dissemination reported. The distinction from other similar appearing tumours in the skin is discussed.
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PMID:Criteria for the diagnosis of primary endocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma). A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 13 cases. 243 4

We studied four mixed carcinoma-neuroendocrine neoplasms from gastrointestinal tract and pancreas by routine light microscopy (LM), immunohistochemistry (IH), electron microscopy (EM), and ultrastructural cytochemistry (UC). By LM, the individual tumors showed fairly pure neuroendocrine (carcinoid) or epithelial (papillary) patterns, mixed neuroendocrine-carcinoma features and poorly-differentiated tumor in sheets and nests which did not lend itself to morphologic characterization. IH demonstrated mixed expression, within different areas of the same neoplasm, of epithelial antigens (keratins and carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]) and neuroendocrine markers (neuron-specific enolase [NSE], bombesin and neurohormonal peptides). By EM, each tumor showed ultrastructural features of epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation which varied substantially in terms of number of cells involved and their distribution; two of the neoplasms showed biphasic differentiation within single cells. The nature of the neurosecretory granules was verified with the uranaffin reaction (UR). This study illustrates the value of combining LM, IH, EM and UC for the identification of mixed carcinoma-neuroendocrine lesions.
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PMID:The role of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and ultrastructural cytochemistry in the diagnosis of mixed carcinoma-neuroendocrine neoplasms. 243 70

A rare case of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous mucinous glands and tiny carcinoid-like foci in a 33-year-old female is reported. In addition to these heterologous elements, peculiar cells, which were oval, eosinophilic and neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-positive, were also observed and had not been described previously. These NSE-immuno-reactive cells were different from argentaffin cells observed in mucinous glands and carcinoid-like foci, and seemed to play a significant role in the appearance of the heterologous mucinous gland. The nature of this peculiar NSE-immunoreactive cell is discussed.
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PMID:An ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous mucinous gland and NSE-immunoreactive-cell. 245 58


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