Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

25 cases of advanced stomach carcinoma were studied immunomorphologically with the use of the antibodies panel to the carcinoembryonic antigen and meconian antigen B1, collagen types IV, I and III, laminin, Ki-67, P-105, factor VIII. Secretory and proliferative activity of tumor cells was shown unrelated to histological structure and degree of tumor differentiation. The more was proliferative activity the weaker was the secretory function. Formation of the basal membrane (BM), the degree of collagen formation and angiogenesis in the tubular adenocarcinoma did not depend on the differentiation level and the degree of tumor cells secretory activity. On the contrary, carcinoid component was characterized by pronounced angiogenesis and tendency to correlation between the degree of differentiation and the degree of BM formation. Stomach carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors whose various morphological features may have an independent prognostic value.
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PMID:[Immunomorphologic characterization of various parameters of stomach cancer invasion]. 920 54

Thirty-two cases of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung observed by light microscopy were further studied by electron microscopy and/or immunohistochemistry. Three histologic patterns were seen: hemangioma-like, papillary, and solid. The only significant component representing the nature of the lesion is characteristic round cells within the stroma in all these patterns, whereas the surface cells lining the papillary projections or cystic spaces are normal or are hyperplastic bronchioloalveolar cells with a few neuroendocrine cells. Immunohistochemical findings showed that the "stromal cells" (tumor cells) were positive for neuroendocrine markers, namely, chromogranin A (19 of 22 cases), neuron-specific enolase (24 of 24), synaptophysin (six of 10), adrenocorticotropic hormone (14 of 15), growth hormone (14 of 15), calcitonin (11 of 15), and gastrin (11 of 14). Besides, some tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (four of four), carcinoembryonic antigen (one of four), and vimentin (one of one). All tumor cells were negative for polyclonal antikeratin antibody (25 cases), AE1 (one case), and AE3 (one case). However, in contrast to the "stromal cells," the surface cells of the cystic spaces stained positively for keratin (25 of 25 cases), AE1 (one of one), AE3 (one of one), epithelial membrance antigen (four of four), and carcinoembryonic antigen (four of four); only a few of them expressed neruoendocrine markers. Both surface and tumor cells were negative for factor VIII-related antigen (25 cases), CD31 (one case), and alpha1-antitrypsin (25 cases). Ten cases further studied by electron microscopy and six examined by ultrastructural morphometry showed that the surface cells were mainly type 2 pneumocytes containing many lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Lying among them, neuroendocrine cells were occasionally seen. The stromal tumor cells had no lamellar body, but dense core granules (neurosecretory granules) and microtubules. In six cases, 92.3% (345 of 374) of tumor cells contained neurosecretory granules, which were pleomorphic and 73 to 1056 nm in diameter (mean, 302 nm). Two to 193 (mean, 12) neurosecretory granules were found in each tumor cell. Both immunohistochemical findings and ultrastructural evidence indicate that so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a benign lesion composed of neoplastic neuroendocrine cells with areas of sclerosis. A suggested name for this tumor is benign neuroendocrine tumor of the lung. The differentiation between this tumor and papillary adenoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, or carcinoid tumor of the lung is discussed.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine differentiation in 32 cases of so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung: identified by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 998 55

Combined measurements of integrated nuclear fluorescence (INF) and vascularization were performed on surgical specimens of human lung carcinomas. Histological slides of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples were treated with Texas Red-labeled antibody to factor VIII and the fluorochrome DAPI. The resulting images were analyzed with an epi-illumination fluorescence microscope and two different filter blocks. The first image displayed the vessels, and the second the DAPI-stained nuclei of surrounding cells. The extent of vascularization was assessed by calculating the volume fraction (Vv), the surface fraction (Sv), the area, and the minimum diameter of the vessels. The INF was measured in tumour cells and lymphocytes, and was grouped according to the distance from the nearest vascular boundary into the intervals of 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80, and > 80 mu. The numerical densities (Nv) as well as the percentages of S-phase-related tumour cell fraction (SPRF) and of tumour cells with an INF > 5C were computed. A minimum of 50 vessels and 300 tumour cells were examined. The material included 100 cases with primary lung carcinoma (39 epidermoid carcinomas, 39 adenocarcinomas, 13 large cell carcinomas, three small cell anaplastic carcinomas, and 6 carcinoid tumours). On the average, the volume density of the stroma amounts to 16.7%, and that of the vessels (Vv) to 12.8%. The minimum diameter of the intratumoral vessels is 13 mu and the measured circumference 138 mu. The numerical densities of tumour cells (lymphocytes) decrease with increasing distance from the vascular boundary from 6.3 (1.7) to 1.0 (0.1). A reduction is also seen in the percentage of the SPRF from 10.7 to 8.1%. The percentage of tumour cells with an INF > 5C, however, is positively correlated to the distance from the vascular surfaces from 34.2 to 38.2%. The measurements reveal that tumour cells are densely positioned and have an increased proportion of proliferation in the populations close to perivascular spaces, whereas chromosome abnormalities are seen more frequently, when tumour cells are located at a distance > 20 mu from the vascular surfaces.
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PMID:Parameters derived from integrated nuclear fluorescence, syntactic structure analysis, and vascularization in human lung carcinomas. 941 93