Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An atypical creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme migrating cathodically to CK-MM in the electrophoresis was observed as response to the embolization of the right hepatic artery in two patients with liver metastasis. The time course of the atypical CK release was compared to that of tumor secretion products, i.e., insulin and 5-hydroxy-in-dol-acetic acid. The CK isoenzyme probably reflects a mitochondrial breakdown of the metastasis in question. The influence of the treatment on liver function was characterized by a marginal augmentation of ASAT and ALAT and by a small but significant leakage of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase. In addition to the atypical CK, CK-BB, and CK-MB isoenzymes were found in the serum of the patient with primary carcinoid carcinoma.
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PMID:Creatine kinase isoenzymes: biochemical findings after therapeutical embolization of the hepatic artery in two patients with liver metastasis of an islet cell carcinoma or a carcinoid tumor. 298 64

A case of islet cell tumor--carcinoid of the ectopic pancreas is reported. The patient had been operated six times because of recurrent abdominal tumor mass and intermittent hypoglycemic coma. The first five operations were done with the diagnosis of mesotheliosarcoma by pathology. The last operation was done in our hospital with the final diagnosis of carcinoid--islet cell tumor. In addition to the light microscopic view, several diagnostic features were observed as follows: Under electron microscopy, membrane bound secretive granules were present in the tumor cytoplasm. Neither brush-like microvilli nor lumen formation of the mesothelioma were found. By immunohistochemistry, positive granules to immunoperoxidase stain of insulin were observed in some tumor cytoplasm. By laboratory test, levels of blood 5-hydroxytryptamine and urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid were elevated. Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate carcinoid from islet cell tumor only by morphology, because both are derived from the same origin during the embryonic development which is probably related to the endocrine system from the embryonic foregut. The latter arises from the neuro-ectoderm and belongs to APUD system.
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PMID:[Carcinoid of ectopic pancreas tissue--islet cell tumor]. 301 22

An insulin-containing ovarian carcinoid was found at the autopsy of a 63-year-old woman with a 12-year history of episodic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. In terms of histology, the carcinoid displayed both insular and trabecular patterns and contained a small focus of mucinous cystadenoma. Beta secretory granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy, and immunoreactivity for insulin was demonstrated in tumor cell cytoplasm by immunohistochemistry. Additional autopsy findings included a solitary parathyroid adenoma and a microscopic focus of pituitary hyperplasia. This is the first recorded case of insulin production by a primary ovarian neoplasm. The patient's constellation of endocrine findings may represent a variant of the syndrome of type I multiple endocrine neoplasia.
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PMID:Ectopic insulin production by a primary ovarian carcinoid. 327 88

Facial flushing is usually not associated with hypoglycemia. Diabetics treated with chlorpropamide can have an antabuse-like flushing with ingestion of alcohol, but flushing secondary to hypoglycemia per se has not been reported. The first case demonstrating that facial flushing can occur in insulin-induced hypoglycemia is described. This patient had marked erythematous facial flushing that was repeatable with each instance of hypoglycemia. Endocrine evaluation revealed no evidence of carcinoid or a pheochromocytoma in this patient and the facial flushing was unrelated to alcohol. Without insulin-induced hypoglycemia, this diabetic patient has had no further facial flushing in one year follow-up.
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PMID:Facial flushing secondary to hypoglycemia. 332 91

A series of six ovarian strumal carcinoids was examined. The presence of thyroid follicular epithelium was conclusively proved by the presence of follicular cells immunohistochemically positive for thyroglobulin, and by the ultrastructural identification of non-neuroendocrine cells with features of thyroid epithelium lining the follicles. Progressive replacement of thyroid epithelial cells by carcinoid cells accounts for the predominance of neuroendocrine granule-containing cells and the scarcity of thyroid epithelial cells lining many of the follicles. A variety of neuroendocrine hormones and other immunoreactive substances was demonstrated within carcinoid cells, including somatostatin (five cases), chromogranin (five cases), serotonin (five cases), glucagon (four cases), insulin (two cases), and gastrin (one case). Only one case contained calcitonin-positive cells. None were carcinoembryonic antigen-positive or had amyloid deposits. The carcinoid element in five cases stained positively for prostatic acid phosphatase. While strumal carcinoid shares some features with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, it has sufficient differences to warrant a separate designation.
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PMID:Strumal carcinoids of the ovary. An immunohistologic and ultrastructural study. 355 74

Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear are rare, with only three previously reported cases. The authors report the light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of two carcinoid tumors that occurred in a 34-year-old female and a 21-year-old male. Both presented with unilateral hearing loss. By light microscopic examination, both were characterized by trabecula of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and no mitotic activity. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated large numbers of pleomorphic neurosecretory granules, perinuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell junctions, and surface microvillous processes. Some cells contained intermediate filaments forming tonofilaments and lacked secretory granules. These cells stained for cytokeratin by immunoperoxidase and separated the neuroendocrine cells from the underlying basal lamina. The cells in this tumor stained for the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide. Cells in both tumors also stained for pancreatic polypeptide. Neither case stained for lysozyme, insulin, glucagon, somatastatin, gastrin, substance P, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, neurotensin, Bombesin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolose, glial and neural filaments, S-100 protein, cholecystokinin, beta-endorphin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prolactin or calcitonin. Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear can be distinguished from paraganglioma and middle ear adenoma.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear. 357 33

Eight ovarian heterologous Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors containing gastrointestinal-type cells, including two tumors that contained carcinoids, were stained for argyrophilia and argentaffinity; in addition, these specimens were stained by immunohistocytochemical techniques for the demonstration of chromogranin, serotonin, and a variety of peptide hormones. Intestinal- and gastric-type epithelial and carcinoid cells within the tumors were focally argyrophilic and chromogranin-positive, but only intestinal-type epithelial and carcinoid cells contained argentaffin granules, serotonin, and corticotropin. Somatostatin, gastrin, neurotensin, and glucagon were demonstrated additionally in varying numbers of specimens containing intestinal-type epithelium and carcinoid, and somatostatin was present in gastric-type epithelium in one case. Staining for calcitonin and insulin was negative. Despite the frequent identification of serotonin and peptide hormones in the tumors in the present series, evidence of the carcinoid syndrome or syndromes associated with peptide hormone excess was lacking on review of the patients' records.
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PMID:Ovarian heterologous Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with gastrointestinal-type epithelium. An immunohistochemical analysis. 375 27

A morphologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study of 20 cases of pure gastrointestinal carcinoids, adenocarcinomas, and mixed neoplasms composed of both elements, so-called composite carcinoma-carcinoid tumors (CCC), was undertaken in order to correlate the morphologic patterns with the immunocytochemical localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serotonin, and a battery of polypeptide hormones (calcitonin, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, somatostatin, and adrenocorticotropin [ACTH]). Paraffin sections from five pure carcinoids, seven pure adenocarcinomas, and eight CCC from the stomach, small bowel, appendix, and colon were studied with mucicarmine, silver impregnation stains, and a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technic. Of the eight CCC, all were mucin positive, four were argyrophilic, and three were argentaffin positive. CEA was present in all eight, serotonin in seven, and calcitonin in one. No other neurohormonal peptides were demonstrated. The distribution of serotonin and CEA generally corresponded to the morphologic pattern, but discordance was observed in two cases, i.e., serotonin was not always localized to areas of carcinoid and CEA not always confined to areas of carcinoma. All five pure carcinoids demonstrated intracytoplasmic localization of serotonin, whereas none contained intracytoplasmic CEA. In two cases, CEA was present within acinar lumens only. The seven colonic adenocarcinomas were argyrophil and argentaffin negative. All contained CEA within the cytoplasm and in gland lumens. None contained serotonin. None of the neurohormonal peptides was localized in either pure adenocarcinomas or carcinoids. This study reveals that among gastrointestinal neoplasms displaying morphologic patterns of adenocarcinoma and carcinoid, immunocytochemical localization of CEA and serotonin confirms their bidirectional differentiation and justifies the designation "composite carcinoma-carcinoid."
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PMID:Composite carcinoma-carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. A morphologic, histochemical, and immunocytochemical study. 389 86

A patient with a long-standing history of bronchial carcinoid and acromegaly was studied. There was pituitary enlargement with an intrasellar mass (brain computed tomography scan), high basal GH levels, and abnormal GH and other pituitary hormones response to oral glucose and a combined test (LHRH, TRH, insulin). After resection of the bronchial carcinoid, basal GH was normal, GH was normally suppressed during OGTT, pituitary function was within expected normal range, and there was regression of the pituitary tumor together with clinical improvement. These data suggest that the patient's acromegaly was secondary to pituitary stimulation due to the bronchial carcinoid.
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PMID:Acromegaly and bronchial carcinoid. Effect of removal of the latter. 400 41

The 24 endocrine pancreatic tumors and 14 carcinoids were examined immunohistochemically for cholecystokinin, insulin, gastrin, GIP, glucagon, sercretin, VIP, motilin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, and ACTH. In 12 tumors of the pancreas more than one peptide-containing cell type was observed. The clinical symptoms showed hypersecretion of only one of the hormones, however. The midgut carcinoids (jejunum, appendix) represented the classical view of the carcinoid as an argentaffin cell tumor secreting 5-hydroxytryptamine. Tumors originating in the foregut (bronchus, stomach, duodenum) and hindgut carcinoids (rectum) were nonargentaffine, containing and secreting various polypeptide hormones. We conclude that light microscopic immunohistochemical methods are useful in distinguishing endocrine from nonendocrine tumors and multihormonal syndromes (MEA) in the classification of predominant hormone-secreting tumors.
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PMID:[Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic systems. Multiple endocrine adenoma from another viewpoint]. 610 39


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