Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cases were presented to describe the clinical manifestations, histological features, and diagnostic criteria about the current classification of ovarian tumors. They included peritoneal serous borderline tumor, endocervical-like the intestinal-type mucinous borderline tumor, transitional cell carcinoma of ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors and juvenile granulosa cell tumor, sclerosing stromal tumor, hepatoid yolk sac tumor, and primary mucinous carcinoid tumor of non-surface epithelial ovarian tumors. Cases were also presented for discussing the significance of structures and features of some ovarian tumors which have been reevaluated and newly classified. For instance, tumor cell of granulosa cell tumor gives vimentin expression, but is unable to express cytokeratin in all the cases detected with monoclonal antibody of CK-2. Based on the clinical manifestations, exact locating site in the ovary, as well as the histology and histochemistry features, it is possible to identify the stromal luteoma, leydig cell tumor, and non-specific steroid cell tumor respectively in the family of steroid cell tumors. Additionally, the diagnostic significance of the occurrence of basal membrane-like substance and intestinal cells in some yolk sac tumors is also discussed.
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PMID:[Pathological observation on the new classification and features of ovarian tumors]. 129 22

Bile duct adenomas are small nodules that are usually found incidentally on the liver surface at abdominal surgery or autopsy. We recently analyzed two such lesions that, in addition to the typical small caliber ducts, contained periductular nests and clusters of uniform round cells, suggestive of endocrine cell proliferation. Follow-up of these patients did not show endocrine tumors elsewhere. The lesions were studied by immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique) and compared with conventional bile duct adenomas (seven cases). The results showed these cells to decorate with several endocrine markers, namely, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and Leu-7. Endocrine markers were not seen in the cells of conventional bile duct adenomas. Epithelial markers, that is, cytokeratin (CAM 5.2 antibody) and epithelial membrane antigen, were expressed by the cells composing both conventional bile duct adenomas and those with endocrine-like cells, although with less intensity in the endocrine cell clusters. We suggest that some bile duct adenomas contain endocrine cell proliferations that morphologically may resemble a small carcinoid tumor or the so-called pulmonary tumorlet. Neurosecretory granules have previously been identified in some cholangiocarcinomas and in bile duct proliferation associated with cholestasis. The endocrine clusters in biliary adenomas may constitute a diagnostic pitfall and must be separated from metastases of carcinoids or islet cell tumors.
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PMID:Bile duct adenomas with endocrine component. Immunohistochemical study and comparison with conventional bile duct adenomas. 137 Jan 91

In a 52-year-old Caucasian man osteopoikilosis had been misdiagnosed roentgenologically 2 years before his death. Gradually he developed Cushing's syndrome and ultimately superior vena caval obstruction. At autopsy a primary thymic carcinoid with extensive osteoblastic bone metastasis was found. Immunohistochemically the tumor was shown to be positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cytokeratin (KL1), neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin and glucagon. Remarkably the tumour was negative for serotonin despite high urinary hydroxyindolacetic acid levels. Bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex was found. The adenohypophysis showed a considerable reduction of ACTH-producing cells and numerous Crooke's cells with a characteristic immunohistochemical pattern.
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PMID:Primary thymic carcinoid with Cushing's syndrome. 137 58

Carcinoid tumors constitute an uncommon source of metastatic lesions to the brain. We report the case of a 63-year-old man who initially sought treatment for proptosis 15 years before coming to our attention with a metastatic intracerebral left parietal carcinoid. The pathological features of the exenterated orbital mass were interpreted as undifferentiated carcinoma, and a lesion of the left lower lobe of the lung that had been removed 6 years earlier had been reported as metastatic malignant melanoma. The long duration between the initial diagnosis and the onset of neurological symptoms brought into question the original diagnosis, which, in retrospect, was most consistent with metastatic carcinoid. Staining for cytokeratin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin in the absence of staining for S-100 and HMB-45 supported the revised pathological diagnosis. Metastatic intracerebral carcinoid from an unrecognized bronchogenic source is a rare event, particularly after an orbital metastasis, but should be suspected when the clinical course is inconsistent with the more common causes of metastatic disease.
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PMID:Metastatic carcinoid tumor to the orbit and brain. 143 23

We report a case of primary carcinoid tumor arising at the confluence of the cystic and common bile ducts. The patient was a 64-year-old woman who developed a sudden onset of biliary colic and jaundice. Computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance showed a mass lesion close to the head of the pancreas. At laparotomy a nodular lesion was found at the confluence of the cystic and common bile ducts. Microscopic observation revealed a type B-C carcinoid (Soga's classification) with positive immunoreactivity to chromogranin and cytokeratin. The presence of neurosecretory intracytoplasmic granules was demonstrated by electron microscopy. Flow cytometry showed diploid DNA content of the neoplastic cells with less than 5% of the nuclei in the S-phase region.
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PMID:Primary carcinoid tumor of the cystic and common bile ducts. 149 21

An unusual carcinoma of the gallbladder in a seventy-one-year-old woman displayed features of a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, atypical carcinoid and small cell undifferentiated carcinoma. The patient died from progressive hepatic failure four months after surgery. Autopsy showed bulky liver masses and several peritoneal nodules exclusively composed of small, hyperchromatic cells. The neuroendocrine nature of the small cell component of the tumor was documented by the presence of neurosecretory granules at the ultrastructural level and by immunocytochemical positivity to NSE and Synaptophysin. The epithelial markers, cytokeratin and CEA, were also positive in the carcinoid and in the undifferentiated portions of the tumor. A common endodermal origin is suggested for carcinoid and small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder.
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PMID:Small-cell carcinoma of gallbladder. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. 165 29

Ten infant thymuses and 13 primary thymic tumors obtained from archived paraffin-embedded tissue were examined for the presence of tissue blood group O antigen (H), peanut agglutinin receptor antigen (PNA-r), Saphora japonica agglutinin receptor antigen (SJA-r), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin (CK), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). In the thymuses studied, Hassall's corpuscles contained abundant immunoreactive CK, PNA-r, and H antigens, whereas CEA, SJA-r, and EMA were present focally in Hassall's corpuscles. Immunoreactive CK, PNA-r, and CEA were demonstrated focally in the subcapsular region, cortical nurse cells, and subcapsular-perivascular monocytic cells, respectively. PNA-r was present in all 12 epithelial type tumors, including all eight thymomas. CEA was present in nine tumors, including six thymomas. Six thymomas contained H antigen and SJA-r; five continued CK and EMA. SJA-r and EMA were also present in one carcinoid tumor of thymic origin. In epithelial thymomas, the antigens stained nests of epithelial cells resembling the pattern of staining in Hassall's corpuscles. Membrane staining of spindle cells of both spindle cell and epithelial thymomas was less intense than staining of epithelial type cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of H antigen, peanut agglutinin receptor, and Saphora japonica receptor expression in infant thymuses and thymic neoplasias. 168 83

A primary carcinoid tumor of testis was studied. The tumor cells showed a strong positive reaction to argyrophil or argentaffin stainings, and neuroendocrine granules were identified by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells expressed various markers such as those for NSE, synaptophysin, CG, Leu-7, 5-HT, HCG, cytokeratin, EMA, CEA and PACP, which indicated the special multiple directions of differentiation of cells possessing neuroendocrinal, epithelial or carcinoembryonic behavior.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical demonstration of neurohormonal polypeptides in primary carcinoid tumor of testis]. 171 56

We report a case of metastatic thymic neoplasm occurring in a 62-year-old Caucasian man. The tumor was polymorphic, with intimately admixed carcinoid, sarcomatous and undifferentiated components. Sarcomatous cells were spindle-shaped and immunoreactive for vimentin, actin and desmin. Carcinoid cells reacted for cytokeratin as well as with a panel of general neuroendocrine markers, including chromogranins A and B, synaptophysin, protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu 7 and Grimelius' silver. The endocrine nature of the latter cells was confirmed by ultrastructural evidence of abundant electron-dense granules 100 to 300 nm in size. Among the various hormones investigated immunohistochemically only the alpha chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-hCG) was detected in tumor cells. The neoplasm recurred after surgical resection and caused a typical carcinoid syndrome with skin flushing and increased urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). The diagnosis of multidirectional thymic carcinoma with two lines of differentiation, of carcinoid and sarcomatoid type, was made.
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PMID:Multidirectional carcinoma of the thymus with neuroendocrine and sarcomatoid components and carcinoid syndrome. 206 96

Thirteen cases of primary endocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma) were reviewed with the aim of defining the morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural criteria for diagnosis. The tumour cells were characterized by their scanty cytoplasm, generally small uniform nuclei with finely dispersed chromatin and multiple small nucleoli. Nuclear shapes varied from round to spindle, with larger and pleomorphic forms predominating in 2 tumours. A striking feature seen in 12 tumours was the occurrence of a "ball-in-mitt" pattern represented by 1 or 2 crescentic tumour cells closely wrapped around an oval cell. Staining for neuron-specific enolase was the most consistent marker of the tumour and the characteristic juxtanuclear globular staining for keratin and cytokeratin and the occasional coexpression of neurofilament set this tumour apart from other cutaneous neoplasms, in particular, metastatic carcinoid tumours and oat cell carcinoma from the lung. The fine structural features of note were striking paranuclear or juxtanuclear whorls of intermediate filaments, seen in 7 cases, the presence of variable numbers of membrane-bound dense core granules of 80-150 nm diameter in all cases and cytoplasmic spinous or microvillous projections containing microfilaments in 4 cases. Less consistent characteristics of primary endocrine carcinomas of the skin included cell moulding, argyrophilia and immunohistochemical staining for ACTH, VIP and calcitonin. The high frequency of vessel invasion in this series is in keeping with the high rate of local recurrence, lymph node metastases and visceral dissemination reported. The distinction from other similar appearing tumours in the skin is discussed.
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PMID:Criteria for the diagnosis of primary endocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma). A histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of 13 cases. 243 4


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