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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of ovarian strumal carcinoid was studied by histochemistry, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. The thyroid component of the tumor was micro-macrofollicular, whereas the carcinoid areas had a trabecular growth pattern. Carcinoid cells contained argyrophilic, dense-core secretory granules and were immunopositive for serotonin but not for calcitonin, somatostatin, or thyroglobulin. Follicular thyroid cells were positive for thyroglobulin, and were negative for calcitonin and somatostatin. Thyroglobulin and serotonin-containing cells were present in microfollicles adjacent to areas of trabecular carcinoid and struma ovarii. The data suggest that strumal carcinoids develop in close association with struma ovarii and represent a subset of ovarian teratomas. Current hypotheses on the cell of origin of strumal carcinoids are reviewed.
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PMID:Histology, ultrastructure, and immunohistochemistry of strumal carcinoid: a case report. 638 19

In a 32-year-old woman presenting with fever, vomiting and right upper abdominal pain a tumor of the papilla of Vater was detected endoscopically and removed surgically. Histologically it was a carcinoid shown immunohistochemically to produce calcitonin. The tumor had metastasized to a lymph node in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Clinically the patient showed typical signs of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. A survey of the literature suggests that carcinoid of the papilla of Vater may be more frequent in patients with neurofibromatosis. Possible relationships between neurofibromatosis and carcinoid are discussed in the light of the pertinent literature.
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PMID:[Calcitonin-producing duodenal carcinoid in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Clinical case report and review of the literature]. 641 May 2

A carcinoid tumor of the peripheral lung producing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a peptide hormone known to be present in the endocrine cells of fetal bronchial epithelium, is reported. Brain-gut peptide hormones in this tumor were assayed by radioimmunoassays, localized by immunohistochemistry and characterized by gel filtration. Electron microscopic study revealed that tumor cells resembled P-cells of normal human fetal bronchial epithelium. While GRP-containing cells were predominant in this tumor, calcitonin-containing cells were also found in some areas. Difference in distribution of hormones according to histologic features was noted in the tumor. A greater portion of the tumor showed spindled cells that predominantly contained GRP, and a smaller portion of the tumor showed cells arranged in tubular or trabecular patterns that mainly contained calcitonin. The gel-filtration pattern of the tumor extracts consisted of two peaks, one of these corresponded to the synthetic replicate of porcine GRP, and another was considered to correspond to C-terminal fragments of the peptide.
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PMID:Peripheral lung carcinoid tumor producing predominantly gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Morphologic and hormonal studies. 686 Oct 71

Because of the persistence of serum and/or urinary calcitonin in patients with thyroidectomies and the presence of high levels of immunoreactive calcitonin in the pulmonary tissue of primates with intact thyroids and primates on whom thyroidectomies were done, an immunocytochemical study was made of the lungs of human neonates. With the use of a specific antibody to calcitonin and the application of immunoperoxidase staining, reactivity was located within the bronchial and bronchiolar Kulchitsky (K) cells. This study, which strongly suggests that these cells have an endocrine role, offers a pathophysiologic rationale for the high calcitonin levels associated with the carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma, which may originate from the K cell. In addition, this study may explain why the removal of the thyroid gland is not followed by a profound change in calcium metabolism.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of calcitonin in Kulchitsky cells of human lung. 698 72

Serum and urinary calcitonin levels were measured in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung. Using both carboxyl terminal and midportion antisera, the incidence of increased immunoreactive values of this hormone was 68 percent for patients with emphysema, 59 percent for tuberculosis, and 89 percent for acute bacterial pneumonitis. In order to determine the source of the high levels of calcitonin, immunoperoxidase stains were made of sections of human lung; the hormone was found within the bronchial Kultschitzky cell (K cell). This suggests a specific endocrine role for the K cell, and may explain not only the high calcitonin levels in patients with inflammatory lung disease, but also the high levels associated with both carcinoid tumor and small cell carcinoma, which may originate from K cells. It is apparent that moderately high levels of calcitonin in a patient with pulmonary disease cannot always be associated with tumor.
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PMID:Increased serum and urinary calcitonin levels in patients with pulmonary disease. 700 35

Examination by immunoperoxidase methods showed that two strumal carcinoids contained thyroxine in the follicular epithelium and colloid. Ultrastructure showed features of thyroid epithelia. Granule-containing cells replaced some follicular epithelial cells at the colloid interface. The morphology of the granules of these cells resembled those of C-cells and foregut-hindgut carcinoids. Transition between thyroid and carcinoid occurred by proliferation of interfollicular cells which subtly formed trabecular structures. Immunoperoxidase for calcitonin was positive both in the interfollicular cells of one tumor and in cells near the transition from thyroid to carcinoid pattern of the other. We conclude that thyroid tissue is a proven component of strumal carcinoid but that follicular epithelial cells may be replaced by granule-containing parafollicular cells. We suggest that the transition from thyroid to carcinoid is accomplished through an intermediate stage of calcitonin-positive cell proliferation. We emphasize, however, that these neoplasms are types of teratomas which may show several forms of differentiation. The tumor of one patient had mid-gut carcinoid elements and represents the first described strumal carcinoid with the carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Ovarian strumal carcinoid. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases. 704 3

Selective catheterization of hepatic, intestinal and adrenal veins with blood sampling for serotonin and catecholamine determination was evaluated regarding its use in the diagnosis, location and characterization of carcinoids and pheochromocytomas. Catheterization of intestinal veins via the transhepatic route and of the adrenal veins via the femoral and caval veins was performed in 49 patients without major complications. High pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to quantitate norepinephrine and epinephrine in plasma and serotonin in plasma and whole blood. Serotonin in plasma was also determined by an enzymatic procedure. In 30 patients with suspected or verified carcinoid tumors concentration of serotonin in tumor-draining veins was clearly elevated in all patients but one. In this patient, who previously had been treated with temporary liver dearterialization, the serotonin concentration in the hepatic vein was within the normal range in spite of the existence of liver metastases. Hyperserotoninemia was registered in one patient without detectable carcinoid tumor cells. In three patients determination of norepinephrine and epinephrine in adrenal venous blood diagnosed a hyperplasia and tumors in the adrenal medulla. In these cases angiography and computed tomography were negative. Microscopic analyses revealed serotonin in all carcinoids and substance P-like immunoreactivity in a large percentage of these tumors. PP-like and glucagon-like immunoreactivity were observed in two endocrine pancreatic tumors. In normal adrenal medulla and in adrenal medullary tumor tissue catecholamine fluorescence and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were demonstrated. In the two pheochromocytomas ACTH-like, somatostatin-like and calcitonin-like immunoreactivities were identified. The technique with determinations of plasma serotonin and catecholamines in combination with selective catheterization is a useful investigation for the diagnosis, location and follow-up of patients with carcinoids and pheochromocytomas.
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PMID:Localization of carcinoids and pheochromocytomas with vein catheterization and amine determination. 717 48

A rare case of ovarian carcinoid tumor composed of both argyrophil and argentaffin cells is reported. The tumor cells were arranged in solid-trabecular or glandular fashion. Electron microscopically, each of the argyrophil and argentaffin tumor cells had intracytoplasmic neurosecretory granules possessing their own characteristics. Immunoflourescent and immunohistological procedures failed to demonstrate thyroglobulin, calcitonin, and CEA in the tumor. No structures suggestive of a struma ovarii were identifiable. Scattered in the tumor were mucinous cysts with APUD cells lying between the lining epithelial cells. These APUD cells are thought to be the origin of this pure ovarian carcinoid tumor.
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PMID:Ovarian carcinoid composed of argyrophil and argentaffin cells. 724 51

Primary neoplasms arising in the liver (3 cases), skin (3 cases) and larynx (2 cases) were studied with a combination of light microscopy, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Clinically, only one case exhibited a hormonal syndrome (Zollinger-Ellison) while another had elevated levels of calcitonin in the serum. By light microscopy only one tumour appeared characteristically neuroendocrine ('carcinoid'). The other cases showed variable patterns of small to intermediate size cell carcinomas at times admixed with exocrine appearing areas. Immunoperoxidase studies showed reactivity for various peptides including gastrin, calcitonin, somatostatin and ACTH. Several tumours were positive for more than one peptide. Electron microscopy revealed variable populations of neurosecretory type granules either in the main cytoplasmic mass or in cytoplasmic processes. We conclude that some 'undifferentiated' neoplasms from the aforementioned sites may prove to have neuroendocrine differentiation if the proper techniques are applied to their study. Clinical hormonal syndromes appear to be rare in these tumours;s however, determination of various amine and/or peptide materials, or possibly their metabolites, may be valid aids for their recognition and monitoring. The structural patterns of these tumours are very variable and may include cells with squamous features as well as exocrine differentiation with occasionally prominent production of mucosubstances.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine neoplasms in unusual primary sites. 727 96

Carcinoid tumors belong to the group of neuroendocrine tumors of epithelial origin, i.e., neuroendocrine carcinomas. These neoplasms usually occur in the gastrointestinal tract or bronchial system but are very rare neoplasms in the larynx. Since carcinoid tumors in this latter site may appear to be undifferentiated by light microscopy, they may possibly be misinterpreted and their neuroendocrine characteristics may remain unrecognized. Using immunohistochemical methods, three carcinoid tumors were studied and showed positive immunostaining for markers of epithelial origin (cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcino-embryonic antigen) and, in particular, for markers of neuroendocrine differentiation (chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase). All tumors expressed calcitonin-, serotonin- and adrenocorticotropic-hormone-like immunoreactivity. In contrast, three poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas showed positive immunostaining for epithelial markers but did not show any immunoreactivity with markers of endocrine characteristics. Fine structurally, carcinoid tumor cells contained neurosecretory-type granules scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The present study demonstrated that (1) carcinoid tumors of the larynx possess distinct immunohistochemical characteristics that allow a clear classification, (2) it is advisable to use a battery of primary antibodies rather than rely on specificity and sensitivity of a single marker to establish diagnosis and (3) the fine structural demonstration of neurosecretory-type granules serves as a reliable adjunct to diagnosis.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and fine structural characterization of primary carcinoid tumors of the larynx. 754 78


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