Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cases were presented to describe the clinical manifestations, histological features, and diagnostic criteria about the current classification of ovarian tumors. They included peritoneal serous borderline tumor, endocervical-like the intestinal-type mucinous borderline tumor, transitional cell carcinoma of ovarian surface epithelial-stromal tumors and juvenile granulosa cell tumor, sclerosing stromal tumor, hepatoid yolk sac tumor, and primary mucinous carcinoid tumor of non-surface epithelial ovarian tumors. Cases were also presented for discussing the significance of structures and features of some ovarian tumors which have been reevaluated and newly classified. For instance, tumor cell of granulosa cell tumor gives vimentin expression, but is unable to express cytokeratin in all the cases detected with monoclonal antibody of CK-2. Based on the clinical manifestations, exact locating site in the ovary, as well as the histology and histochemistry features, it is possible to identify the stromal luteoma, leydig cell tumor, and non-specific steroid cell tumor respectively in the family of steroid cell tumors. Additionally, the diagnostic significance of the occurrence of basal membrane-like substance and intestinal cells in some yolk sac tumors is also discussed.
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PMID:[Pathological observation on the new classification and features of ovarian tumors]. 129 22

Progressive unilateral sensorineural deafness and tinnitus developed in a 59-year-old woman over a 1-year period. Clinical examination showed a tumor mass which almost completely filled the tympanic cavity, and grew around the auditory ossicular chain. Histological findings revealed the tumor to be a primary carcinoid of the middle ear. Neuro-endocrine differentiation was confirmed immunohistochemically by positivity for neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin, pancreatic polypeptide and synaptophysin. Using electron microscopy, neuroendocrine granules could be visualized. In addition, both light and electron microscopy revealed that cells had an epithelial differentiation with mucin granules while immunohistochemistry showed a positivity for cytokeratins. The detection of intermediary filaments (immunohistochemically with vimentin and under electron microscopy) was unique to this neoplasm and has to be considered in distinguishing the carcinoid tumor from the papillary adenoma of the middle ear. Tumor prognosis is excellent with radical extirpation from the middle ear. In the case presented, there has been no evidence for either recurrence or metastases 10 months after surgical resection.
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PMID:[Carcinoid of the middle ear: a rare tumor with biphasic differentiation. Case report with special reference to immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy]. 142 31

We report a case of metastatic thymic neoplasm occurring in a 62-year-old Caucasian man. The tumor was polymorphic, with intimately admixed carcinoid, sarcomatous and undifferentiated components. Sarcomatous cells were spindle-shaped and immunoreactive for vimentin, actin and desmin. Carcinoid cells reacted for cytokeratin as well as with a panel of general neuroendocrine markers, including chromogranins A and B, synaptophysin, protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu 7 and Grimelius' silver. The endocrine nature of the latter cells was confirmed by ultrastructural evidence of abundant electron-dense granules 100 to 300 nm in size. Among the various hormones investigated immunohistochemically only the alpha chain of human chorionic gonadotropin (alpha-hCG) was detected in tumor cells. The neoplasm recurred after surgical resection and caused a typical carcinoid syndrome with skin flushing and increased urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA). The diagnosis of multidirectional thymic carcinoma with two lines of differentiation, of carcinoid and sarcomatoid type, was made.
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PMID:Multidirectional carcinoma of the thymus with neuroendocrine and sarcomatoid components and carcinoid syndrome. 206 96

A bronchial carcinoid with globular intracytoplasmic inclusions is reported. The inclusions stain brown with Grimelius silver impregnation and some show distinct immunoreactivity for chromogranin A. Tumour cells stain positively with antisera to neuron specific enolase, chromogranin A and not with antisera against ACTH, somatostatin or S-100 protein. The cells show distinct immunoreactivity for cytokeratins and vimentin, which is particularly intense in the intracytoplasmic inclusions. Desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein are absent. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that the inclusions are composed of aggregates of filaments of 8-10 nm of diameter, intrapping a few neurosecretory granules. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural data support the hypothesis that the inclusions are composed of intermediate filaments, whose metabolism and synthesis have somehow been deranged.
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PMID:Bronchial carcinoid with paranuclear fibrillary inclusions related to cytokeratins and vimentin. 247 31

The immunohistochemical expression of intermediate filaments was investigated in 56 carcinoid tumors from 50 cases including 31 rectal and 25 non-rectal sites. Cytokeratin was the most frequently expressed in 55 of the tumours. Only one tumour of the stomach was negative for cytokeratin. Neurofilament (68 kd and 160 kd) was positive in 25 (44.6%) tumours with no preferential pattern of expression in particular tumours. Vimentin was positive in 18 out of the 31 rectal carcinoids (58%), and 3 of the 25 non-rectal carcinoids (12%). There was a significant difference in vimentin immunoreactivity between rectal and non-rectal carcinoids. The coexpression of cytokeratin and neurofilament was 44.6% and that of cytokeratin and vimentin was 37.5%. The coexpression of all three types of intermediate filament was 35.5% in rectal carcinoids, but 8% in non-rectal carcinoids. The present study revealed coexpression of cytokeratin, neurofilament and vimentin in carcinoids and an especially high incidence of vimentin expression in those of rectal origin.
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PMID:Coexpression of cytokeratin, neurofilament and vimentin in carcinoid tumors. 247 33

Two cases of breast tumors with a uniform solid carcinoid pattern and argyrophilic dense-core granules were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in order to compare their characteristics with known features of other carcinoid tumors and ordinary breast carcinomas. The tumors were positive for keratin-type intermediate filaments, neuron-specific enolase and alpha-chain of human chorion gonadotropin but negative for vimentin and S-100 protein. Laminin was found only in a rim between tumor cell islands and stroma but not among the cells. It is concluded that these tumors are histologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically similar to other carcinoid tumors. The present results suggest that both breast carcinoids and carcinomas may have a common precursor in the mammary secretory unit.
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PMID:Breast tumors with a solid and uniform carcinoid pattern. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of two cases. 258 Feb 94

Intermediate filaments (IF) are ubiquitous cytoplasmic structures which, by virtue of their cell- and tissue-type-specific characteristics, are widely used as markers of tissue derivation and as differential diagnostic aids in surgical pathology. In contradistinction to other IFs, vimentin filaments, characteristic of mesenchymal cells, may be co-expressed with other cell-type specific IFs--cytokeratin filaments, desmin filaments, glial filaments and neurofilaments--in some tumor cells, embryonic cells, and cells in vitro. In this study we describe a novel type of IF co-expression which does not involve vimentin-filaments, viz. the presence of both cytokeratin filaments and neurofilaments in human bronchial carcinoid tumor cells.
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PMID:A dual expression of cytokeratin and neurofilaments in bronchial carcinoid cells. 258 Jul 99

Mid-gut carcinoid tumour cells expressed a neuronal phenotype, observed and characterized immunocytochemically in long-term culture. Initially the culture contained a main population of spherical tumour cells with granules immunopositive for serotonin (5-HT) and tachykinins (TK). Production and secretion of these substances into media was verified biochemically. Cytoplasmic granules with 5-HT-like immunoreactivity (5-HT-LI) were markedly reduced during culture, while granules with TK-LI were unchanged in number, corresponding to the biochemical findings. After a few days in culture, tumour cells were flattened and fine neurite-like processes extended. After 2-3 weeks many endocrine tumour cells had converted to neuron-like cells with slender cell processes containing granules with TK-LI. Varicose enlargements and apparent growth cones were observed. When neurites were extended, 50-80% of the neuron-like cells were positive with antisera against the neurofilament triplet. Cells of both endocrine and neuronal phenotypes were positive with antisera against tetanustoxin, Thy 1-antigen, neuron-specific enolase, synapsin and a synaptic vesicle protein (p 38) supporting the concept of these tumour cells as para-neurons. Intermediate filaments, studied with monoclonal anti-vimentin, were found in all cells. Filaments were also observed ultrastructurally. Initially, nerve growth factor (NGF)-LI was found in granules of all spherical tumour cells. When neuritic processes were extended, the cells appeared to lose these granules. After 40 days in culture, NGF-LI was absent or very sparse. The studies indicate autocrine secretion of a growth factor, reacting with the NGF antiserum, by cultured mid-gut carcinoid tumour cells inducing a neuronal phenotype with enhanced NF and TK synthesis and suppressed 5-HT synthesis. In bioassay systems the culture media caused a delayed neurite reaction on PC12 cells, but no reaction on chick ciliary ganglion cells, indicating that the factor is not authentic NGF.
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PMID:Presence of nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity in carcinoid tumour cells and induction of a neuronal phenotype in long-term culture. 265 26

Four plexosarcomas (gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors) characterized by light microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural examination, including immunoelectron microscopy in one case, are described. The four neoplasms occurred in the small intestine (duodenum, two; jejunum, one; and ileum, one) and they had an aggressive course with either local or distant metastases. The light-microscopic patterns varied from epithelioid and organoid to spindle cells, mimicking endocrine and sarcomatous neoplasms. Ultrastructurally, these tumors exhibited interdigitating cytoplasmic processes that contained scattered aggregates of membrane-bound granules varying in size from 100 to 300 nm intermixed with empty vesicles and numerous diffusely distributed intermediate filaments. Basal lamina covering cell surfaces, attachment plaques, and myofilaments, as expected in smooth-muscle tumors, were not identified, and diffusely distributed membrane-bound granules, as seen in paragangliomas and carcinoid tumors, were also absent. By immunocytochemistry, the tumors were intensely positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase and focally positive for neurofilaments and synaptophysin. In addition, three tumors were S100 protein positive and one stained for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Similar positive immunocytochemical reactions were identified in normal enteric plexus. It is essential to recognize plexosarcomas, which are invariably accompanied by aggressive clinical behavior, in spite of a seemingly benign, mitotically inactive light-microscopic appearance in most instances. Ultrastructural examination can readily separate plexosarcomas from paragangliomas and other sarcomatous and endocrine neoplasms.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors. 'Plexosarcomas'. 275 84

Middle ear adenoma (MEA) is a distinctive, rare entity that appears to be derived from the lining epithelium of the middle ear mucosa. We report four cases of MEA displaying the typical histologic growth pattern. Two distinct tumor cell immunophenotypes were identified in all cases; the first type exhibited positivity with anti-epithelial membrane antigen and anti-keratin antibodies, and the second type showed immunoreactivity with anti-keratin, anti-vimentin, and anti-neuron-specific enolase antibodies. Ultrastructural studies revealed bidirectional mucinous and neuroendocrine differentiation, demonstrated by the presence of two distinct cell types containing apically located mucous granules and basally concentrated neuroendocrine granules, respectively. The presence of neuroendocrine differentiation was supported by the immunohistochemical detection of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the tumor cells in one case and neuron-specific enolase in three cases. These findings suggest that the potential for mixed mucinous/neuroendocrine differentiation described in other endodermally derived tumors also exists in middle ear mucosa. We also believe that the rare lesions diagnosed as primary carcinoid tumors of the middle ear might in fact be MEA with predominant or only neuroendocrine differentiation. The clinical course of our four cases and our review of the pertinent literature confirm the benign nature of MEA and indicate that these tumors should be treated by complete local excision without additional therapy.
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PMID:Middle ear adenoma. A tumor displaying mucinous and neuroendocrine differentiation. 278 45


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