Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of hepatic and splenic metastases of lung cancer infused with LAK cells and anticancer drugs from hepatic artery with total implantable port (Port-A-Cath: Pharmacia, Incorp.) was reported. A 56-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue, jaundice, pleural effusion and elevation of transaminase caused by hepatic and splenic metastases of lung carcinoid. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed 6 hepatic metastatic foci 10-35 mm in diameter and splenic metastases. The patient received 5 courses of MMC infusion, CPA (2 courses) and epirubicin, CDDP (3 courses), and 5 courses of LAK cells (total 1.4 x 10(10)) with IL-2 and OK-432. Eight months after initiation of treatment, jaundice and pleural effusion disappeared, transaminase returned to the normal level and the condition of the patient improved. Although the response of hepatic metastases to the treatment was NC, the size of a splenic metastasis decreased from 35 x 55 mm to 24 x 35 mm (PR).
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PMID:[Infusion of LAK cells and anticancer drugs with a total implantable port to a patient with metastatic liver and spleen tumors]. 187 42

Cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes cultured in IL-2 against autologous primary lung cancer cells was studied in relation to curativity, prognosis and relapse rate. A total of 51 patients, 44 males and 7 females, consisting of those with adenocarcinoma (n = 27), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 19), large cell carcinoma (n = 2), small cell carcinoma (n = 1), lung sarcoma (n = 1), and carcinoid (n = 1), were evaluated. Pathological stages of the patients were stage I (n = 16), stage II (n = 1), stage III (n = 28), and stage IV (n = 6). Thirteen patients (25.5%) underwent curative surgery, 23 patients (45.1%) received relative curative surgery and 15 patients (29.4%) received non-curative surgery. The mean value of cytotoxic activity in the patients who received curative surgery was 34.7 +/- 15.3%, relative curative surgery 26.5 +/- 18.9%, and non-curative surgery 42.8 +/- 22.3%. Among the patients who underwent curative and relative curative surgery, 23 patients survived more than 2 years and 13 patients died of cancer recurrence. Mean value of cytotoxic activity in the former (36.7 +/- 15.9%) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that in the latter (17.1 +/- 14.7%). Positive rate (percentage of patients whose CA exceeded 15%) of the former (86.9%) was also higher than that of the latter (46.1%). Comparison between the survival curves of the positive cases (CA 15.0%) and negative cases (CA less than 15.0%) revealed a significantly better prognosis for the former (generalized Wilcoxon test: W/square root VarW = 2.198). The mean cytotoxic activity in the cases of local recurrence (25.7 +/- 16.6%, n = 7) was higher (p less than 0.10) than that in the cases with distant metastases (9.3 +/- 6.3%).
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PMID:[Cytotoxic activity of autologous lymphocytes against lung cancer cells; correlation of prognosis and recurrence pattern]. 349 20

Human peripheral blood or lymph node lymphocytes, obtained from patients with a variety of lung cancer, were incubated in vitro with mitomycin C-treated tumor monolayers in the presence of T-cell growth factor. The cytotoxicity of these lymphocytes for autologous tumor cells (autologous killer activity) was assessed by a 4-hr 51Cr-release assay. Cytotoxic activity was observed in 14 out of a total of 20 cases. Lymphocytes from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and carcinoid exhibited positive activity levels of 11.1 +/- 1.8, 16.3 and 23.9% respectively. Nine out of 13 patients with adenocarcinoma exhibited positive activity with a mean value of 8.8 +/- 6.8%. No lymphocyte activity against small cell carcinoma was observed. Natural killer (NK) activity did not always correlate with autologous killer (AK) activity. Treatment of lymphocytes with monoclonal anti-human lymphocyte antibody revealed differences in effector cell populations concerning these two activities; AK activity was abrogated only by treatment with anti-human Lyt 3 antibody and complement, whereas NK activity was abrogated by anti-human Lyt 1, 2 and 3 and partially by anti-human Ia antibody. These results indicate that AK activity is mediated exclusively by T cells, but that NK activity is mediated by several subpopulations of lymphocytes such as T cells, null cells and others.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity tests against cultured human lung cancer cells with autologous lymphocytes activated in vitro by mitomycin C-treated tumor monolayers in the presence of T-cell growth factor. 630 Apr 83

Recent evidence has shown that endocrine tumors are under an endocrine and an immune regulation, and that biotherapies with interferon or the long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide may be effective in the control of tumor growth and clinical symptomatology. Within the biotherapies of tumors, interleukin-2(IL-2) has appeared to play an essential role in the antitumor immune response. Despite its important antitumor role, very few studies have been carried out to investigate the possible use of IL-2 in the treatment of advanced endocrine tumors. Its potential toxicity would represent the main limiting factor for the clinical experiments with IL-2. Our previous studies have shown that the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) may amplify the antitumor activity of IL-2, either through immunomodulating mechanisms or through a direct cytostatic activity by inhibiting tumor growth factor production. On this basis, we have performed a phase II pilot study with low-dose IL-2 plus MLT in 14 patients with untreatable endocrine tumors because of disseminated disease, lack of response to previous standard biotherapies or chemotherapies, or tumors for whom no effective therapy is available. Thyroid cancers, carcinoid and endodrine pancreatic tumors were the most frequent neoplasms. IL-2 was given at 3 million IU/day s.c. at 8 p.m. for 6 days/week for 4 weeks, corresponding to one cycle. MLT was given orally at 40 mg/day at 8 p.m. every day. In nonprogressed patients, a second cycle was given after a 21-day rest period. Patients were considered as evaluable when they received at least one complete cycle, and 12 patients were fully evaluable. According to WHO criteria, a partial response was achieved in 3/12 (25%) patients (carcinoid tumor: 1; neuroendocrine lung tumor: 1; pancreatic islet cell tumor: 1). Another patient with gastrinoma had a more than 50% reduction of tumor markers. Toxicity was low in all patients. This preliminary study suggests that low-dose IL-2 immunotherapy in association with the pineal hormone MLT may constitute a new well-tolerated and potentially active therapy of untreatable advanced endocrine tumors.
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PMID:Immunoendocrine therapy with low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus melatonin of locally advanced or metastatic endocrine tumors. 785 78

We have continued our studies by detecting three markers of neuroendocrine tumours of the lungs, including chromogranin A, NSE and synaptophysin, to confirm the neuroendocrine origin of lung tumours and by examining the content of two anti-neoplastic cytokines, IL-2 and IL-12 in the tumours. The studies were performed on paraffin sections of lung carcinoids (n = 13) and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) (n = 15). Pronounced expression of all 3 markers of neuroendocrine tumours was detected in most of the pulmonary carcinoids and in 5/15 of SCLC. Co-expression of the two cytokines (IL-2 and IL-12) in tumour cells was detected in 12/13 patients with lung carcinoid and expression of at least one cytokine in 12/15 patients with SCLC. Significantly lower numbers of cells immunoreactive to both cytokines were detected in SCLC as compared to lung carcinoids. The studies have confirmed the literature data on the lowered secretion of IL-2 in SCLC and extend the data by supplying information on the expression of IL-12. The lowered expression of the two cytokines at the time of diagnosis may represent a prognostic factor for survival in SCLC.
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PMID:The expression of selected neuroendocrine markers and of anti-neoplastic cytokines (IL-2 and IL-12) in lung cancers. 1465 51

Dendritic cells (DC) resident in draining lymph nodes (LN) of patients with lung cancer are proposed to have a critical role in stimulating anti-tumor immunity. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are undergoing clinical trials in patients with lung cancer and are likely to target plasmacytoid-DC. The present study, therefore, investigated the capacity of plasmacytoid-DC from human lung cancer draining LN to respond to CpG for activation of T cell responses relevant to anti-tumor immunity. The phenotype of DC was examined by flow cytometry, and cytokine production by cytometric bead array (CBA) and ELISA. Plasmacytoid-DC, purified by cell sorting, were immature but expressed the toll-like receptor, TLR9. Plasmacytoid-DC responded to the CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, CpG 2216, by production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-alpha and IL-6. DC were cocultured with normal, allogeneic T cells, and cytokine production determined by CBA and immunophenotyping. CpG 2216 enhanced IFN-gamma production and induced intracellular production of IFN-gamma by CD8(+) and CD4(+), granzyme B by CD8(+), and IL-2 by CD4(+) T cells, respectively. Ligation of CD40 on plasmacytoid-DC combined with exposure to CpG 2216 also strongly enhanced IFN-gamma production. There was no significant difference between the responses of plasmacytoid-DC from patients with lung cancer and patients with benign carcinoid tumors with no pathologic LN involvement. These results indicate that plasmacytoid DC from the draining LN of patients with lung cancer effectively induce Tc1 immunity and could, therefore, represent a novel and attractive target for immunotherapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Plasmacytoid dendritic cells from human lung cancer draining lymph nodes induce Tc1 responses. 1702 87