Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients with liver metastases from carcinoid or colon carcinoma underwent hepatic derterialization. This operation, known to cause both tumor necrosis and liver cell damage, caused considerable increases of several lysosomal acid hydrolases in the circulation. Thus, beta-glucosidase showed a small temporary increase during the operation, followed by a slower but higher reaction reaching a maximum 12 to 36 hours postoperatively. Similar reactions were noted for beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, arylsuphatase A, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase while no reactions were found for cathepsin D. Very high enzyme levels occurred in a patient dying from bleeding complications in the postoperative period.
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PMID:Plasma activities of lysosomal enzymes after hepatic dearterialization in man. 0 1

A minute carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder is reported. The tumor was incidentally identified in a 77-year-old Japanese man with cholecystolithiasis, hepatocellular carcinoma and sigmoid colon carcinoma. The tumor formed a 5-mm-sized sessile polyp at the neck of the gallbladder. The tumor cells, which were argyrophilic and non-argentaffinic, belonged to the foregut-type. Immunohistochemically, they were positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and somatostatin.
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PMID:Minute carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder. 167 42

The cytoskeletons of various human neuroendocrine (NE) tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies against intermediate-filament (IF) proteins as well as by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins from microdissected tissue samples. All of the tumors studied were found to contain cytokeratin filaments and are therefore referred to as 'NE tumors of the epithelial type'. In addition, neurofilaments were found in most cutaneous and some pulmonary NE tumors, as well as in medullary carcinomas of the thyroid and in pancreatic islet cell tumors. The neurofilament staining was frequently concentrated in cytoplasmic IF aggregates. Gel-electrophoretic analyses showed that all NE tumors examined synthesize 'simple epithelium-type' cytokeratin polypeptides, cytokeratins nos. 8 and 18 being the most prominent ones, whereas cytokeratin no. 19 was found in variable and usually minor amounts. A new cytoskeletal protein, designated IT protein, with a relative molecular weight of 46,000 and an isoelectric pH value of approximately 6.1 (in 9.5 M urea) was detected in all 9 cases of cutaneous NE tumors ('Merkel-cell carcinomas'), including 2 lymph-node metastases, but was not found in any of the 17 cases of pulmonary NE tumors. In addition, 2 medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, 2 islet cell tumors of the pancreas, and 1 intestinal carcinoid tumor also seemed to lack this protein. A protein indistinguishable from IT protein by electrophoresis and tryptic peptide mapping was found in cytoskeletal preparations of mucosal cells of human intestine and in cultured human colon carcinoma cells of line HT-29. A possible relationship between IT protein and the type-I subfamily of cytokeratin polypeptides is discussed. Our study shows that the co-expression of cytokeratin filaments and neurofilaments may provide a criterion which is useful for the recognition of some NE tumors but which does not distinguish between NE tumors of different types and origins. In contrast, IT protein seems to be present specifically in cutaneous NE tumors, but absent in pulmonary NE tumors. The implications of these findings for the elucidation of the histogenesis of cutaneous NE tumors and for the histopathological differential diagnosis of NE tumors of cutaneous and pulmonary origin are discussed.
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PMID:Cytoskeletal differences between human neuroendocrine tumors: a cytoskeletal protein of molecular weight 46,000 distinguishes cutaneous from pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. 300 49

Alpha interferons have shown significant antitumor activity against B-cell malignancies (especially hairy cell leukemia), and chronic myelogenous leukemia. They are also useful against malignant carcinoid tumors, renal cell carcinoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Alpha interferons are less effective against lung, liver, ovary, breast, and colon carcinoma. Side effects vary in severity according to type of interferon, route of administration, schedule, and dose. In general, tolerance and compliance are excellent with doses of one to nine million units per day.
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PMID:Update on the antitumor activity of alpha interferon. 307 24

Twenty-four hepatic cavernous hemangiomas and 91 metastases from a variety of hypovascular and hypervascular primary neoplasms were prospectively studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In addition to qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis of signal intensity ratios of lesion to normal liver was performed with images obtained with 500/28-30 (repetition time msec/echo time msec) and 2,000/28-150 sequences. Quantitative data did not improve the ability to distinguish hemangiomas from metastases in our series compared with qualitative analysis. Hypovascular metastases, such as colon carcinoma, could be differentiated from hemangioma more frequently (97.5%) than hypervascular endocrine metastases, such as islet cell tumor, carcinoid, and pheochromocytoma (61%). These findings indicate that the utility of MR imaging in differentiating hemangiomas from metastases is dependent on the histologic type of the primary neoplasm.
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PMID:Distinction of hepatic cavernous hemangioma from hepatic metastases with MR imaging. 317 88

Two human small cell lung carcinoma cell lines, NCI-H69 and NCI-H128, were used as alternating sources of immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies to small cell lung carcinoma-associated antigens. BALB/c mice were sensitized with seven injections of live tumor cells, four with NCI-H69 cells and three with NCI-H128 cells. Somatic cell hybridization was performed by fusion of the immune murine splenocytes using syngeneic myeloma cells from the SP2/0 Ag14 cell line. Hybridoma colonies were screened against small cell lung carcinoma cells and normal lung fibroblasts with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to animals immunized with only NCI-H69 or NCI-H128 cells, alternate immunization resulted in the generation of a significantly higher number of hybridomas that reacted selectively with both tumor cell lines. Monoclonal antibodies from two reactive hybrid clones generated by alternate immunization, SCLC 2051 and SCLC 5023, were uniformly negative to normal human tissues including lung, kidney, liver, spleen, breast, thyroid, brain, small intestine, and colon. While both monoclonal antibodies were nonreactive to paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed, nonmalignant lung biopsies, the monoclonal antibody SCLC 5023 reacted with tumor cell infiltrates in biopsies from small cell lung carcinoma patients (14 of 14 cases positive), using the immunoperoxidase technique. This monoclonal reagent also reacted with other lung tumor cell types, including atypical carcinoid (5 of 5 positive), epidermoid (4 of 6 positive), undifferentiated and bronchoalveolar (3 of 4 cases each positive) carcinomas. By contrast, monoclonal antibody SCLC 2051 apparently identified an antigen expressed preferentially on small cell lung carcinoma cells (12 of 14 positive) and only rarely reacted with other lung tumor cell types (2 of 34 positive). Both monoclonal antibodies were negative to colon carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma of the floor of the mouth, breast adenocarcinoma, and B- and T-cell leukemia and lymphoma cells, as determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunoperoxidase techniques. These observations suggest that SCLC 2051 and SCLC 5023 may be of value in identifying tumor-associated antigens expressed in small cell and other lung carcinomas. In addition, the generation of antibody-producing cells towards common tumor-associated antigens may be enhanced by immunization with multiple tumor cell lines of the same histological type.
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PMID:Characterization of two human small cell lung carcinoma-reactive monoclonal antibodies generated by a novel immunization approach. 620 11

We studied the effects of bile acids on inducibility of the transcription factor AP-1 in human colon carcinoma LoVo cells. Firstly, cells were treated with chenodeoxycholic acid and the nuclear extracts from those cells were processed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays to analyze nuclear AP-1 DNA-binding activity. We demonstrated that chenodeoxycholic acid induced AP-1 DNA-binding activity in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Antibody supershift experiments clearly revealed that the majority of protein components in induced AP-1 DNA-binding activity were the products of oncogenes c-fos and c-jun. On the other hand, DNA-binding activity in the nuclear extracts for either NF kappa B, Sp1, or ATF/CREB was not affected by bile acids, suggesting that the effect of bile acids was rather specific for AP-1. Transient transfection experiments supported this notion: expression of the AP-1-luciferase reporter construct was induced by bile acids in a dose-dependent manner, and expression of either reporter construct for NF kappa B, Sp1, or ATF/CREB was not influenced by treatment of the cells with bile acids. We also demonstrated that those bile acids efficiently activated AP-1-dependent promoter in DLD-1 cells, which (as well as LoVo cells), are derived from colon adenocarcinoma, but not in COLO320DM cells which are from colon carcinoid tumor. Thus, we may indicate that bile acids exclusively induce nuclear AP-1 activity in colon adenocarcinoma cells.
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PMID:Induction of the transcription factor AP-1 in cultured human colon adenocarcinoma cells following exposure to bile acids. 863 Nov 27

The Authors report a case of a 71-year-old male with synchronous neuroendocrine colon carcinoma and a solitary brain metastasis. The patient was treated surgically with resection of both the cerebral and intestinal lesions followed by cerebral radiotherapy. A pulmonary metastasis was discovered after 3 months and treated with interferon and octreotide. No further cerebral or intestinal relapses were observed. The patient died of cardiac disease 11 months after the first operation. Central nervous system metastases from carcinoid tumours are rare. The reported survival in untreated cases or in cases treated by radiotherapy alone is 4 months. In the case reported, surgical resection of the cerebral and intestinal lesions followed by intracranial radiotherapy yielded complete local control of the disease and a slight improvement in survival.
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PMID:[Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon with metastasis to the brain: a case report and review of the literature]. 1583 48

Adenocarcinoid of the appendix is an infrequent tumor with histologic features of both adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Although its malignant potential remains unclear, adenocarcinoids seem to be biologically more aggressive than conventional carcinoids. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term results of surgical treatment for appendiceal adenocarcinoid. A retrospective review (1991-2003) identified seven patients (median age 72, range 27-81 years) treated for appendiceal adenocarcinoid. The clinical data of these patients were reviewed. Follow-up was complete for all patients (median 60 months, range 24-108 months). Most cases presented with associated acute appendicitis (71%). First intention surgery consisted of appendectomy (m = 6) and right hemicolectomy (m = 1). In three patients, additional surgical procedures were performed (right colectomy). Indications for colectomy were tumor size (three cases) associated with appendectomy margin invasion in one case. One patient with lymph node and peritoneal involvement experienced recurrence 9 months after hemicolectomy and died of the disease at 2 years. One patient subsequently died of colon carcinoma 6 years after adenocarcinoid treatment. Five patients were alive without disease at the time of the last follow-up. Synchronous or metachronous colon carcinomas developed in three patients (43%). Our results suggest that appendectomy alone could be used for appendiceal adenocarcinoid provided that the tumor (1) is less than 1 cm; (2) does not extend beyond the appendix adventitia; (3) has less than 2 mitoses/10 high power fields; and (4) has surgical margins that are tumor free. Otherwise, carcinologic right colectomy seems to be indicated. The risk for developing colorectal adenocarcinoma seems to be extremely high in patients treated for appendiceal adenocarcinoid and warrants close follow-up with colonoscopic screening.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of appendiceal adenocarcinoid (goblet cell carcinoid). 1613 84

Malignant tumours of the appendix are rare. They are usually carcinoid tumours that must be distinguished from extremely rare adenocarcinomas. Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinomas of the appendix are only reported as case histories. In clinical terms, the tumours usually manifest themselves as acute appendicitis, as ruptured appendicitis, as a tumour in the right lower abdominal quadrant or as a pelvic tumour, which are generally mistaken for an ovarian tumour with the same sonographic image. Advanced primary adenocarcinomas of the appendix with ovarian metastases cannot be distinguished intraoperatively from a FIGO III ovarian carcinoma. The pathologist makes the definitive diagnosis. These characteristics also apply to the case presented here. Surgical therapy of the isolated primary appendiceal carcinoma consists of a hemicolectomy--an appendectomy in favourable cases--and, in the case of a metastasised carcinoma, according to the guidelines for an advanced ovarian or colon carcinoma. The effect of chemotherapy is insufficiently documented.
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PMID:[Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix as differential diagnosis of advanced ovarian carcinoma]. 1693 22


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