Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1969 to 1990, 88 limited lung resections were performed for the treatment of malignant lung tumours. These operations consisted of 73 typical resections (29 segmentectomies, 15 bisegmentectomies, 23 middle lobectomies, 6 lingulectomies) and 15 atypical resections. In 15 cases, they were completed by lymph node dissection. These operations were performed in patients with a mean age of 55.8 years (range: 24 to 76). The ventilatory functional status contraindicated wider resection in only 7 cases. The immediate postoperative mortality (7 cases, i.e. 8%) and the postoperative complications observed in 29.6% of cases were higher than those observed after wide resections, but do not constitute a specific argument in the indication for partial resection. Histological examination of the operative specimens revealed 80 primary lung cancers (42 squamous carcinomas, 28 adenocarcinomas, 8 anaplastic and unclassifiable tumours, 1 bronchiolo-alveolar tumour and 1 malignant carcinoid tumour). The primary nature of the tumour could not be definitely confirmed in the other 8 patients (history of head and neck neoplasm in 7 cases and bladder carcinoma in 1 case). The survival according to TNM stage, histological nature of the tumour, positivity of the resection margins and intraoperative tumour effraction was identical to that associated with lobectomies.
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PMID:[Value of limited resections in the surgical treatment of lung cancers]. 128 18

A series of 24 lung cancer cases was studied: 12 epidermoid carcinomas, 9 adenocarcinomas, 2 giant-cell carcinomas and 1 carcinoid. The patients were staged on the basis of the TNM classification system as 9 stage I, 5 stage II, 9 stage III and 1 stage IV. Using fresh tumour cell samples 2 cell cultures were prepared for each patient: one to identify the percentage of S phase cells (Labelling Index) using the tritiated thymidine method and one for cytogenetic analysis. A gentic map was obtained in 6 cases and revealed no specific numerical or structural alterations. The Labelling Index (L.I.) was calculated for all patients and compared with all TNM parameters. This revealed a certain connection between L.I. and parameters T, SN and G but no link with parameters.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of cell kinetics in lung cancer]. 254 78

The records of 1280 patients autopsied at the Yokufukai Geriatric Hospital from October 1, 1973 to August 31, 1987 were reviewed and 75 patients with untreated lung cancer, aged 70 or older, were selected. The mean age and standard deviation was 82.1 +/- 5.4 years. Male consisted of 34 subjects and 41 were female of. Histological study revealed 42 cases of adenocarcinoma, 19 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases of small cell carcinoma, 2 cases of large cell carcinoma, 1 case of carcinoid and 4 cases of the other types. The mean survival period of 44 untreated patients diagnosed as lung cancer during life was 21.1 +/- 24.1 months. The mean survival periods for 24 patients with adenocarcinoma and 11 patients with squamous cell carcinoma were 24.0 +/- 29.3 and 12.9 +/- 11.7 months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean survival period of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. 9% of 44 untreated lung cancers survived for at least 5 years, although the survival rate was slightly lower than that generally reported in the literature. On the basis of staging of TNM classification at the autopsy, the mean survival period from the diagnosis for 13 patients with stage 1 and 27 patients with stage 4 were 27.5 +/- 33.3 and 18.5 +/- 19.7 months, respectively. The incidence of brain metastasis in 75 cases was 14.7%. In this study, adenocarcinoma was more predominant in the elderly (56.0%). An inverse relationship of age to stage was partially observed.
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PMID:[A study of 75 untreated lung cancers in the elderly]. 255 20

Recently, Yamakawa et al. following Masaoka's clinical staging of thymic epithelial tumors, proposed a TNM classification and staging system for thymic epithelial tumors including thymoma and thymic carcinoma. The present authors consider that division of thymomas into circumscribed types (either encapsulated or non-encapsulated but confined to within the thymus) and those invasive to adjacent organs or structures is sufficiently practical, and that a staging system is applicable to thymic carcinoma, carcinoid tumors and germ cell tumors of the anterior mediastinum, which are more malignant than thymoma. Therefore, the utility of the Yamakawa/Masaoka TNM and staging system was evaluated and a modification proposed based on experience with 16 thymic carcinomas. Although there were no cases at stage II, the survival curves obtained using the proposed modified system were more clearly separated between stages I and III or IV and between stages III and IV than the curves obtained using the Yamakawa/Masaoka system. However, the differences were not significant because of the small number of cases included. A statistically significant difference was noted between the survival curves for patients who underwent complete and incomplete surgical resection of the tumor. The utility of this proposed TNM and staging system must be evaluated by other investigators, since no cases of small cell carcinoma, lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma were included in this series, all of which are considered to have high-grade histology. An evaluation of carcinoid tumor and germ cell tumor of the anterior mediastinum must also be made.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoma: proposal for pathological TNM and staging. 792 Nov 94

Tenascin, a large glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration during embryogenesis. In adult tissue, it is expressed only in certain areas. However, it gains importance again in proliferative processes such as wound healing and especially in tumor development. We examined paraffin-embedded specimens of 25 patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, 5 patients with an adenocarcinoma of the small intestine, 4 patients with a carcinoid tumor of the small intestine, and 49 patients with an adenocarcinoma of the colorectum. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the use of a monoclonal antibody against human tenascin and the avidin-biotin-complex technique. Amino-Ethylcarbazol served as a chromogen. We investigated the distribution of tenascin in tumors, normal tissue, and lymph node metastases and compared it to tumor grading and TNM-classification. We found a uniform pattern of tenascin expression in all tumors and lymph node metastases examined in the gastrointestinal tract. One pattern was characterized by an immunoreaction near the basement membrane in well-differentiated areas and the other showed a diffuse, network-like expression in poorly differentiated areas with abundant stroma. There was a more intensive staining of the surrounding stroma near tumor cells invading into the submucosa or muscularis propria. It was even possible to detect small early carcinomas as well as small tumor cell populations in and around the lymph nodes by a strong immunostaining of the surrounding stroma. But we could not find any correlation of the tenascin expression patterns in comparison to the tumor grading and TNM-classification.
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PMID:Expression of tenascin in tumors of the esophagus, small intestine and colorectum. An immunohistochemical study. 854 91

The five-stage classification system of thymoma (I, II, III, IVa, IVb) is now adopted widely. As the cases with lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis are included in IVb, it is suggested that IV b includes various groups with different prognostic factors. This facilitates establishment of TNM classification of thymic epithelial tumours (thymoma, thymic cancer and thymic carcinoid). T factors correspond with the stages, I: T1N0M0, II: T2N0M0, III: T3N0M0, and IV a : T4 N0M0. N and M factors are as follows: N1 : restricted to the anterior mediastinal nodes; N2 : intrathoracic nodes; N3 : supraclavicular nodes; and M1 : hematogenous metastasis and/or extrathoracic nodes excluding supraclavicular nodes. Such criteria were used to classify IVb into any T N(1,2,3) M0, and any T any NM1. N criteria could divide the cases into the groups with proper populations in IV b thymoma, thymic carcinoma, and thymic carcinoid, respectively. The possible relationships between survival and TNM were investigated in thymic carcinoma cases. T, N, and M have a relationship with survival, respectively. This TNM classification is not yet authorized, but it is used in many clinics in Japan to determine the selection of therapy and estimate the therapeutic effect.
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PMID:[TNM classification of thymic epithelial tumors]. 912 16

Primary tumors of the jejunum-ileum are rare and constitute about 2% of gastrointestinal neoplasms. The first clinically reported small bowel tumor was a jejunal carcinoma described in 1824 by Sorlin. The authors reviewed our surgical experience of 9 patients treated at the Department of General Surgery of the "E. Franchini" Hospital of Montecchio Emilia (Re) during a 13-years period from 1984 to 1997. On the basis of literature on the topic, the following are taken into consideration, the history, the incidence, the epidemiology, the aetiopathogenesis, the clinical characteristics, the diagnostic, the surgical therapy of these tumors. The subjects included 6 males and 3 females. The average age of the patients was 66 years, with a male predominance ratio of 2:1. Of the seven primary malignant tumors observed, two patients had adenocarcinomas, two had leiomyosarcomas, two had lymphomas and one carcinoid. The benign tumors were respectively leiomyomas and small intestinal stromal tumor. The most common signs and symptoms were abdominal pain and obstruction of the intestine. Preoperative diagnosis was established in 4 of these patients only by roentgenographic examinations, in 2 by ultrasound scan, in 2 by ultrasound scan and computed tomography, in 1 by endoscopic examination. All the 9 tumors were resected: in 7 patients (77.7%) the resection were considered as curative and in 2 patients (22.3%) palliative. All operated patients were staged by the TNM-classification using pathological and surgical reports. The staging of the disease was the following: 2 patients with stage 1 (T2N0M0), 2 patients with stage II (T4N0M0), 3 patients with stage III (1 with T3N1M0 and 2 with T4N1M0), 2 patients with stage IV (T4N1M1). Survival correlated with the different TNM stage: the median survival time was 60 months for stage I, 60.5 months for stage II, 40 months for stage III and 18 months for stage IV.
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PMID:[Primary neoplasms of the jejunum-ileum. The clinico-diagnostic and surgical therapy considerations: the clinical cases and a retrospective study of our experience]. 1050 68

Cancer of the small intestine represents less than two per cent of all the malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Because they are infrequent tumors, a review of a tumor registry was performed to analyze response to treatment of the disease and prognostic factors. A retrospective review of patients with primary cancer of the small intestine was performed using the Department of Defense Tumor Registry. The registry was accessed to determine stage, types of cancer, intervention, and patient outcomes. TNM staging and follow-up were available on 144 patients from 1970 to 1996. Median follow-up was 38.9 months. There were 92 (64%) males and 52 (38%) females. The median age was 55.7 years. The types of small intestinal cancer included 68 patients (47%) with adenocarcinoma, 41 patients (28%) with carcinoid, 18 patients (13%) with leiomyosarcoma, and 17 patients (12%) with lymphoma. The overall 5-year survival was 57 per cent and the median survival was 52 months. Survival of patients with adenocarcinoma was not dependent on location within the small bowel. Survival was best for early-stage tumors and when lesions could be completely resected.
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PMID:Malignant tumors of the small intestine: a review of 144 cases. 1065 47

In the carcinoid tumours of the bronchopulmonary tract surgical resection is still the primary goal. Many problems are, however, unclear: the extent of resection, formal lymph node dissection or not, the role of Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) and of the multidisciplinary approach. In the Department of Surgical Sciences and Applied Medical Technologies, "La Sapienza", Rome's University, from 1969 to 1994, we observed 18 patients with carcinoid tumours of the lung: 13 typical carcinoid (TC) and 5 atypical carcinoid (AC). In our series, the choice of therapeutic procedure was made on the basis of histological criteria and TNM classification. We performed 3 conservative and 10 extensive resections on typical carcinoid and 5 extensive resections on atypical carcinoid tumours. In our series VATS played a minor therapeutic role. Formal lymph node dissection was carried out on all our patients except in the cases of those with typical carcinoid tumours without enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in carcinoid tumours treatment is controversial and will be confirmed by further trials. In bronchial carcinoid tumours the long-term prognosis is excellent. In our series the ten-year survival rate is 77 per cent in typical carcinoid and 40 per cent in atypical carcinoid cases.
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PMID:Therapeutic approach of carcinoid tumours of the lung. 1140 88

We report here two cases of endobronchial carcinoid tumor complicated with pulmonary infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Case 1 was an 81-year-old woman with the left lower lobe atelectasis. Bronchoscopy showed complete obstruction of the left basal bronchus by a tumor and a sleeve lower lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. Pathological examination showed typical carcinoid located in the left basal bronchus and many caseous granulomas containing mycobacteria in the lung parenchyma distal to the bronchus. Bacterial examinations of sputum and gastric juice after the operation showed a growth of Mycobacterium kansasii. Case 2 was a 50-year-old woman with the atelectasis of the left upper division. Bronchoscopy showed complete obstruction of the left upper division bronchus by a tumor and a left upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. Pathological examination showed typical carcinoid located in the left upper division bronchus and many caseous granulomas in the lung parenchyma distal to the bronchus. The Ziehl-Neelsen stain showed many mycobacteria in these granulomas and they were identified as Mycobacterium avium by PCR analysis. Although NTM are not well recognized as possible pathogens of pulmonary infection related to bronchial obstruction by endobronchial carcinoma, our experiences rouse a caution to consider NTM as potential pathogens. We also discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for the specific relationship between carcinoid tumor and TNM.
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PMID:Endobronchial carcinoid tumor combined with pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection: report of two cases. 1258 78


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