Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Detection and characterization of liver lesions often present a diagnostic challenge to the radiologists. Liver lesions may be classified as hypovascular and hypervascular based on degree of hepatic arterial blood supply. Common hypervascular liver lesions include hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar carcinoma, and metastases from primary tumors such as islet cell tumor, carcinoid, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and thyroid carcinoma. In this review article, we discuss the spectrum of imaging features of hypervascular liver lesions.
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PMID:Hypervascular hepatic focal lesions: spectrum of imaging features. 1748 54

We report a case of primary renal carcinoid arising in a horseshoe kidney. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case to be reported in the cytology literature, which has been diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). A 32-year-old male, presented to the Emory University Hospital, with a renal mass arising in a horseshoe kidney; along with a thyroid mass. FNA of the renal mass resulted in an initial diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma, unclassified. A thyroid aspiration was attempted later, and revealed a neuroendocrine morphology. This was compared with the renal aspiration and both of them were found to have similar morphology. With the help of immunostains, a diagnosis of renal carcinoid tumor metastatic to the thyroid was made. Thus, we demonstrate that renal carcinoid, being a rare entity, can pose a diagnostic challenge.
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PMID:Case report: metastatic renal carcinoid to the thyroid diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. 1770 44

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is a rare autosomal-dominant, inherited familial cancer syndrome. Hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytomas and renal carcinoma are the frequent reported VHL tumors. Neuroendocrine tumors have also been described, mostly in the pancreas and rarely in the biliary trees. We report the second case of bile duct carcinoid in a 31-year-old VHL woman. She underwent right adrenalectomy for a pheochromocytoma in the past. She also had a positive family history of phenotypic expression of VHL syndrome. The patient presented with biliary colic. Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography showed intra-luminal bile duct mass. Surgical exploration identified a beige nodular lesion that was a carcinoid tumor on histology. This new association should be clarified by further genetic investigations.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumor of the common bile duct: a rare complication of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. 1830 Mar 62

Carcinoid tumour is an endocrine neoplasia described for the first time in 1888 and rarely observed in the extrahepatic bile ducts. Gallbladder carcinoid tumour was first reported by Joel in 1929. An endoluminal gallbladder lesion, with a bizarre echogenicity, and a mass in the upper pole of the left kidney were found in a 27 year-old man. The patient underwent a cholecystectomy with partial hepatectomy and a polar renal resection. Histological examination revealed a typical gallbladder carcinoid tumour with regional lymph nodal metastasis and a renal cell carcinoma, with morphological and histochemical features of the chromophobe type. This is a distinctive, rare variant, often described in the literature in association with other neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gallbladder carcinoid tumour with an unexpected aggressive behaviour in a very young patient, with concurrent renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe variant.
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PMID:Simultaneous occurrence of metastasizing carcinoid tumour of the gallbladder and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a young man. 1833 96

The purpose of this article is to integrate the physiology of the male reproductive system and the role of hormones in the pathophysiology and treatment of prostate cancer. The primary focus is to review hormonal changes associated with androgen ablation treatment and to integrate the available hormonal data into a hypothesis. This review used a systematic search of Medline references from 1990 to 2006. All sources were critically evaluated to arrive at an understanding of androgen deprivation symptoms, such as hot flushes/flashes, and to identify research needed in this area. Research is needed to explore the physiological mechanisms of hot flashes to develop better therapeutic treatment options to ameliorate side effects of hormonal treatment. Studies are needed to investigate all aspects of hot flashes in populations other than those with breast cancer, such as men with prostate cancer, carcinoid tumors, medullary thyroid tumors, pancreatic islet-cell tumors, renal cell carcinoma, and phenochromocytoma.
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PMID:Physiology and endocrinology of hot flashes in prostate cancer. 1948 79

Renal endocrine tumours are extremely rare, and carcinoid tumoral elements in renal cell carcinoma have never been reported. This is the first report of a composite renal cell carcinoma containing a clear cell renal cell carcinoma associated with carcinoid tumoral elements, in a patient with synchronous metastatic disease. In the absence of specific radiological and clinical manifestations, typical morphological features as well as an immunostaining profile of neuroendocrine differentiation were identified by microscopy. Secondary nodal and liver localisations were characterised by carcinoid elements only. Despite antiangiogenic therapy, liver metastasis progressed, suggesting that adjuvant therapy cannot be based on the presence of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma component. In this context, extensive tissue sampling is recommended to reveal the endocrine component that is the most aggressive element of such a composite carcinoma.
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PMID:Composite renal cell carcinoma with clear cell renal cell carcinomatous and carcinoid tumoral elements: a first case report. 2015 40

Tumour angioneogenesis is associated with the reexpression of oncofetal fibronectin (oncFn) and tenascin-C (oncTn-C) splice variants, which may serve as targets for antibody-based pharmacodelivery. Knowledge of the vascular distribution and organization in different tumours is of importance for the understanding of tumour vessel formation and might be crucial for therapy. Therefore, human SIP format antibodies against Fn ED-A, Fn ED-B and Tn-C A and C splice domains were used for immunofluorescence labelling in renal, lung, oral, colon, breast and urinary bladder carcinoma specimens and in a renal carcinoma xenograft. The spatial relation to stroma, vessels and vascular basement membrane (vBM) was analysed including CD31 and laminin alpha4 chain antibodies. Renal cell carcinomas and atypical carcinoid of the lung revealed vessel-restricted oncFn and/or oncTn-C depositions; all other entities showed a variable stroma positivity including vessels. The individual pattern of oncFn/oncTn-C incorporation in the vBM depended on tumour type, vessel size and intratumoural heterogeneity. There was a stratification of the vessel wall showing luminal oncFn and extraluminal oncTn-C depositions. As shown in the xenograft, perivascular oncTn-C is provided by carcinoma cells. In conclusion, tumours differ in the pattern of Fn or Tn-C isoform positivity in the vessel wall, potentially representing a tumour type specific endothelial cell-tumour cell-stromal cell interaction. Carcinoma cells themselves are involved in vascular Tn-C matrix organization. Up to antigen distribution, Fn and Tn-C domain antibodies may serve as vehicles for antiangiogenetic and antifibrotic agents; oncFn/oncTn-C based targeting should be adapted individually.
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PMID:A comparative analysis of oncofetal fibronectin and tenascin-C incorporation in tumour vessels using human recombinant SIP format antibodies. 2023 93

Hormonal therapy is the first systemic therapy to have been used successfully in the treatment of cancer. Developments in steroid hormone receptor assays in the last decade have resulted in the first predictable assays for cancer therapy. The role of hormones, in both the development and treatment of breast, prostate and uterine cancer, is reviewed. Because hormonal therapy is generally a less toxic palliative treatment than other treatments (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation), it has been used for malignancies such as malignant melanoma, hypernephroma, and carcinoid.
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PMID:Hormones and cancer. 2127 45

Purpose Activation of EGFR can stimulate proliferative and survival signaling through mTOR. Preclinical data demonstrates synergistic activity of combined EGFR and mTOR inhibition. We undertook a phase I trial of temsirolimus (T, an mTOR inhibitor) and EKB-569 (E, an EGFR inhibitor) to determine the safety and tolerability. Methods The primary aim was to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination in adults with solid tumors. Following the dose-escalation phase, (Cohort A), two subsequent cohorts were used to assess any pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between the agents. Results Forty eight patients were enrolled. The MTD of this combination was E, 35 mg daily and T, 30 mg on days 1-3 and 15-17 using a 28-day cycle. The most common toxicities were nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis, rash, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Sixteen patients (36%) had at least one grade 3 toxicity. The most frequent grade 3/4 toxicities were diarrhea, dehydration, and nausea and vomiting (19% each). No grade 5 events were seen. Four patients had a partial response and 15 had stable disease. Clinical benefit was seen across a range of tumor types and in all cohorts. PK analysis revealed no significant interaction between E and T. Conclusions This combination of agents is associated with tolerable toxicities at doses that induced responses. PK studies revealed no interaction between the drugs. Further investigations of this targeting strategy may be attractive in renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, alveolar sarcoma, and carcinoid tumor.
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PMID:Phase I study of temsirolimus in combination with EKB-569 in patients with advanced solid tumors. 2188 15

A 40-year-old male was referred to our hospital for further examination of a left kidney tumor. A left kidney tumor measuring 3 cm in diameter was incidentally found by abdominal ultrasound on physical checkup. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed hypovascular tumor of the left kidney. Clinical diagnosis was left renal cell carcinoma and retroperitoneoscopic left nephrectomy was performed. However, pathological diagnosis was carcinoid tumor of the kidney. Primary carcinoid tumors of the kidney are uncommon. We present a case of primary carcioid tumor of the kidney and review the literature.
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PMID:[Primary carcinoid tumor of the kidney: a case report]. 2216 25


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