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Query: UMLS:C0007095 (carcinoid)
 6,990 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the last decade a great increase in the frequency of Gastric Carcinoid Tumours has been detected being considered by some authors as the most frequent digestive carcinoid. These have been divided into three types: I) those associated with chronic atrophic gastritis; II) associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and III) sporadic lesions. We present four cases of gastric carcinoid type I (3 women and 1 man) two of them associated with pernicious anemia and another two with iron deficiency anemia. Three patients were operated upon, and an endoscopy removal was carried out on the fourth patient. The clinical course has been favourable during the follow-up. Multiple lesions were detected in 3 patients, with tumours less than 2 cm in size, except for a 4.5 cm polyp, which invaded the submucous layer. This case presented carcinoid syndrome without evidence of liver metastasis. Argyrophilia. Chromogranin A and Neuronal Specific Enolase tintions were located in the tumor and in the hyperplastic endocrine cells of the mucous.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoid tumour. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of four cases. 1043 Oct 94

The incidence of gastric carcinoid tumours is increasing. This rise is probably due to the number of gastroscopies and improved histological techniques. The majority (65%) of these gastric tumours is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anaemia. In this article two patients are presented, one with pernicious anaemia and gastric neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and one with pernicious anaemia and multiple gastric carcinoids. These neuroendocrine cell disorders have a relatively favourable prognosis. Therefore, a wait-and-see policy was preferred. The pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of these different neuroendocrine cell manifestations are discussed. We recommend performing a gastroscopy at the time of diagnosis for young patients with pernicious anaemia, and whenever abdominal problems, unexplained weight loss or aggravation of the anaemia arise.
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PMID:Relationship between pernicious anaemia and gastric neuroendocrine cell disorders. 1071 Sep 42

The role of gastrin in the pathophysiology of two diseases affecting the human stomach, the Zollinger Ellison syndrome (ZES) and the pernicious anemia (PA), is reviewed. Both diseases present chronic hypergastrinemia but from different origins. The ZES is characterized by the occurrence of ectopic endocrine gastrin-secreting tumors and PA by a fundic atrophic gastritis leading to complete atrophy of fundus and resulting in achlorhydria. In PA, the lack of acid induces continuous gastrin cell activation and is responsible for the subsequent gastrin hypersynthesis and secretion. In ZES, hypergastrinemia causes hypertrophy of the oxyntic mucosa, which, in addition, displays hyperplasia of parietal and mucus cells. In both diseases, hypergastrinemia also induces the hyperproliferation of enterochromaffin-like endocrine cells in the fundic mucosa, which can offer all aspects from hyperplasia, then dysplasia, until true carcinoid tumor. The influence of antisecretory treatments and MEN 1 in the ZES as well as that of several other factors and antrectomy in PA on the behavior of the different gastric cells is evoked. Finally, the role that gastrin and its receptor play in the maintenance of the normal development of gastric mucosa and gastric acid secretion is emphasized by results observed in gene knockout models.
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PMID:Histomorphological characteristics of gastric mucosa in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or autoimmune gastric atrophy: role of gastrin and atrophying gastritis. 1073 14

Patients with pernicious anemia are at risk of developing carcinoid tumours of the stomach. A patient with pernicious anemia and multifocal carcinoid tumours of the gastric fundus that regressed after antrectomy is presented. The frequent occurrence of gastric carcinoid tumours in patients with long-standing pernicious anemia suggests that surveillance gastroscopy and biopsies of the fundus might be indicated. Compete functional antrectomy may effectively cause these tumours to regress by removing their excessive gastrin hormonal stimulation. However, incomplete antrectomy can result in persistently elevated serum gastrin and failure of total disappearance of the carcinoid tumours.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoid tumours and pernicious anemia: case report and review of the literature. 1075 21

The association between gastric carcinoid tumors and pernicious anemia is well recognized. Such tumors occur in the presence of achlorhydria, chronic atrophic gastritis, hypergastrinemia, and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia. In this case report, a 29-year-old woman with pernicious anemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia who developed gastric carcinoid tumors of the gastric body is described. This is the second description of pernicious anemia associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. This association in a young woman together with the therapeutic options and decisions that were taken in the treatment of the patient are discussed.
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PMID:Pernicious anemia, gastric carcinoid, and autoimmune thrombocytopenia in a young woman. 1077 92

The history of a 45-year-old male type 1 diabetic patient is presented. At the age of 29 years, he was diagnosed to have an autoimmune hepatitis with incipient liver cirrhosis. Five years later, a successful liver/pancreas transplantation was performed. Eighteen months later, however, pancreatic insufficiency occurred due to thrombosis of the pancreatic graft. Besides these conditions, iron deficiency, pernicious anemia, and autoimmune gastritis were also diagnosed. Serum parietal cell antibodies (PCA) and intrinsic factor antibodies (AIF) were positive. At 45, this patient was found to have a gastric carcinoid tumor. The clinical importance of PCA is discussed with regard to chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia, which both predispose toward gastric carcinoid tumors. Autoimmune type 1 diabetic patients who have a high prevalence of PCA should be screened for gastric autoimmune manifestations and tumors, as the history of this patient illustrates.
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PMID:Autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune gastritis, and gastric carcinoid in a type 1 diabetic patient: a case report. 1095 74

Gastric carcinoid is a rare disease, representing less than 1% of gastric tumours and 11-41% of all gastrointestinal carcinoids. The recent Solcia's classification distinguishes three subtypes of these neoplasms, which show specific clinical and pathological features. Type one arises in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CGA), achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and consequent enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and dysplasia. Type two is related to Zollinger Ellison syndrome and type three represents the sporadic kind. We report two cases of multifocal gastric carcinoid associated to CGA, one of them with pernicious anemia. Both patients had aspecific abdominal symptoms; the diagnosis was suspected by upper endoscopy and confirmed by histological examination. Patients were submitted to total gastrectomy. They are still alive six years after surgery, without signs or symptoms of recurrences. Treatment of these tumours is controversial, because of their uncertain biological and clinical behaviour. Some Authors propose a conservative strategy (only endoscopic surveillance or removal); others stress importance of surgery (antrectomy or gastric resection). We discuss and underline the role of surgical therapy and the relevance of radical approach.
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PMID:[Multifocal gastric carcinoid associated with chronic type A atrophic gastritis. Analysis of 2 clinical cases]. 1146 2

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is associated with upper gastrointestinal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. A carcinoid tumor in the base of a duodenal adenoma in a patient with FAP was documented only once before. We report a patient with FAP who has multiple gastric carcinoids plus pernicious anemia as a coexisting disease. Genetic analysis and studies of other FAP patients are necessary to establish whether an association exists between FAP and carcinoid tumors. Optimal management of this type of gastric carcinoid is uncertain.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoids in a patient with pernicious anemia and familial adenomatous polyposis. 1219 2

Pernicious anemia is a common finding is the elderly as is malignancy. The associated malignancy in patients with pernicious anemia was previously reported and recently confirmed. In addition to the various malignancies, polyp in the stomach and carcinoid of the stomach were reported in patients with pernicious anemia. We present a patient with pernicious anemia associated with the finding of a giant polyp in the stomach. The relevant literature is reviewed. It seems that periodic screening for early diagnosis of cancer is not recommended. However, it is recommended to have a gastroscopy immediately after the diagnosis of pernicious anemia.
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PMID:[Pernicious anemia and malignancy]. 1269 67

Carcinoid tumors originate from the enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa. Gastric carcinoids are rare and usually well-differentiated tumors with variable prognosis. Three types of gastric carcinoids have been recognized. Type I is associated with type A chronic atrophic gastritis, achlorhydria and pernicious anemia. Type II is associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. Type III appears as a large malignant neoplasm and has no association with atrophic gastritis or hypergastrinemia. We experienced a rare case of gastric carcinoid tumor type III with multiple liver metastasis. Thus, we report here this case with a review of the literature.
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PMID:[A case of gastric carcinoid tumor with multiple liver metastasis]. 1453 37


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