Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006849 (oral candidiasis)
 1,939 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of predisposing systemic disease, the frequent administration of medication, and the use of a complete denture, oral candidiasis is a common problem among older, chronically ill, institutionalized adults. This randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an antifungal denture soaking solution (48 mL nystatin liquid, 100,000 IU/mL, dissolved in 432 mL of distilled water producing 10,000 IU nystatin mL solution), used as an adjunct to a nystatin vaginal lozenge (100,000 IU/g, dissolved in the mouth three times daily for seven days) in a group of older, chronically ill, institutionalized adults. Although the clinical signs and symptoms of oral candidiasis were resolved in all subjects following therapy, the presence of invasive Candida hyphae was detected in approximately 80 per cent of tissue and/or dentures. When compared to tap water, the use of an antifungal denture soaking solution produced no detectable difference in the presence of Candida albicans hyphae over a three-month period (M-H chi-square = 0.021, p = 0.886), but it did reduce the rate of recurrence of clinical signs and symptoms. The appropriateness of this regimen for the treatment of oral candidiasis in this type of patient is challenged.
 ...
PMID:Effectiveness of a topical antifungal regimen for the treatment of oral candidiasis in older, chronically ill, institutionalized, adults. 777 50

Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata are the most prevalent yeasts in humans. The majority harbor C. albicans in the oral cavity, but only a few develop oral candidiasis. We have sought a possible relationship between indigenous salivary constituents, including antimicrobial and nutritive factors, and the growth rate and/or viability of inoculated fungi in glucose-supplemented sterilized saliva. Stimulated whole saliva was collected from 30 healthy donors. Saliva samples were sterilized, supplemented with glucose and inoculated with C. albicans or T glabrata. After incubation of the inoculates for 20 h, the number of viable cells were counted. All saliva samples were analyzed for different indigenous salivary components and Candida before as well as after sterilization. Besides a 4% reduction in calcium (Ca2+) and thiocyanate (SCN-) concentrations, sterilization did not affect the concentrations of saliva electrolytes, but the proteins were significantly reduced (19-85%). Indigenous candidal carriage (n=19) correlated with neither the growth of inoculated fungi nor any of the analyzed components in saliva. The growth of C. albicans and T. glabrata was similar at pH 5 but, at pH 6, C. albicans had a remarkably slower growth rate than T. glabrata. Statistical analysis showed that the 5-h growth of C. albicans at pH 5 was associated with water and electrolyte secretion, whereas the growth after 20 h was associated with variations in protein-glycoprotein content. The growth of T. glabrata was not related to variations in the salivary variables analyzed.
 ...
PMID:Effect of saliva composition on growth of Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata. 860 36

Before dealing with nappy rash, first examine the cause. Simple precautions such as frequent changing of the nappy, cleaning the skin and applying a water-repellent barrier cream can prevent some types of nappy rash from occurring. Creams and ointments for nappy rash contain a variety of ingredients such as emollients, water-repellents, antiseptics, astringents and anti-inflammatory agents. Nappy rash caused by Candida (thrush) needs to be treated with specific antifungals, eg clotrimazole, nystatin, miconazole. Rashes which do not settle or which recur frequently should be referred to a doctor for further investigation and treatment.
 ...
PMID:Nappy rash: a pharmaceutical approach. 868 Jan 99

Haemorrhoids or piles are varicosities in the anal canal caused by local pressure. Sometimes they prolapse. Symptoms may include itching, discomfort, pain and bleeding. Haemorrhoids are common in pregnancy. Constipation aggravates piles, so a healthy diet with plenty of water and fibre is advisable. Some sufferers need an appropriate laxative as well. Cleanliness of the anal area is important. Proprietary moist toilet tissues are sold for this purpose and can be soothing and helpful. Relief of symptoms is by haemorrhoid creams, ointments and suppositories. Active ingredients typically include antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, anti-pruritics and local anaesthetics. Many are available from pharmacies without a prescription. If in doubt, always refer the patient to a doctor. For example, rectal bleeding may be due to some more serious condition, or pruritus to anal thrush. In the case of children the advice of a doctor should be sought.
 ...
PMID:Remedies for common family ailments: 9. Haemorrhoids. 868 Feb 38

During their autumn migratory phase, thrush nightingales (Luscinia luscinia) previously starved for 2 d were allowed to refuel under three different ambient temperature conditions (-7 degrees, 7 degrees, and 22 degrees C). During the refueling period, as well as during the preceding control and starvation periods, food intake, body mass, and feces production were monitored. In addition, daily energy expenditure was measured during the refueling period. The compilation of the energy balance during the refueling period revealed an energy density of the deposited tissue of 33.6 kJ g-1. Assuming that the deposited tissue consists of fat and protein exclusively, with energy densities of 39.6 and 5.5 kJ g-1 wet mass, respectively, we estimated the deposited tissue to consist of 82% fat and 18% wet protein (6% dry protein and 12% water). Nitrogen balances during control, starvation, and refueling phases and during a period of prolonged and complete starvation indicated that 5% of the nutrient stores consisted of dry protein. Our results support recent findings that nutrient stores for migration often contain protein in addition to fat and consequently are 15%-25% less energy rich than pure fat stores. These proteins might be stored as muscle or other functional tissue and may be required to support the extra mass of the stores and/or reflect an incapacity of the metabolic machinery to catabolize far exclusively. Fuel deposition rate was positively related with ambient temperature, whereas food intake rate was unaffected by temperature. These results indicate that the rate of fuel deposition is limited by a ceiling in food intake rate; when this ceiling is reached, fuel deposition rate is negatively affected by daily energy expenditure rate. To a certain extent, the ceiling in food intake rate varies depending on feeding conditions over the previous days. These variations in food intake capacity probably reflect the building and breakdown of gut tissues and/or gut enzyme systems and might be insensible and not evolutionary adaptive. Significant energetic costs, however, are probably associated with the maintenance of gut tissues. It is therefore feasible that changes in digestive capacity are regulated and are directed at energy economization.
 ...
PMID:Composition of fuel stores and digestive limitations to fuel deposition rate in the long-distance migratory thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia. 923 84

An 11-item face-to-face survey was conducted in 99 consecutive patients with advanced cancer to determine the prevalence, intensity, reporting and treatment, presumed cause(s), and importance of mouth pain and dryness. Sixteen of the 99 patients (16%) reported experiencing mouth pain at a mean intensity corresponding to 5.5 +/- SD 2.21 on a 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain) numerical scale, and 88 (88%) patients reported dry mouth at a mean intensity corresponding to 6.2 +/- SD 2.21. Nine (56%) of the 16 patients with mouth pain and 39 (44%) of the 88 patients with mouth dryness reported these symptoms to their attending physician(s). Sixty-nine percent (27/39) of patients who reported having a dry mouth were advised by their physician(s) to pursue one or more treatments. The most common treatments recommended (and frequencies) were drinking water/taking sips of fluid (13), gargling with bicarbonate mouthwash (4), using an artificial saliva spray (4), and using an oral fungal suspension for thrush (4). The most common findings on oral examination included: possible thrush (53 patients), upper and lower dentures (33 patients), and multiple dental restorations (23 patients). The causes most frequently assumed to be responsible were ill-fitting dentures for mouth pain, and medications and possible oral fungal infections for mouth dryness. The mean values given for the importance of the symptoms of mouth pain and dryness relative to other symptoms or problems experienced by the patients were 4.4 +/- SD 1.84 and 3.6 +/- SD 1.67, respectively, on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not important) to 7 (great importance). Mouth dryness was more frequently reported than mouth pain. The mean rating for the intensity of mouth pain was higher than that for mouth dryness, although both were of moderate importance to patients relative to other symptoms or problems experienced at the time. Patients tended to underreport mouth pain and dryness, and physicians tended to address such complaints inadequately.
 ...
PMID:A survey of mouth pain and dryness in patients with advanced cancer. 1097 82

GM237354 is a novel sordarin derivative with a broad spectrum of potent activity against a wide range of fungi. The members of this new class of antifungal agents act as potent inhibitors of fungal protein synthesis. In this study, the therapeutic effects of GM237354 were investigated in a novel experimental oral Candida albicans infection model in immunosuppressed rats. The animals were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone in their drinking water and infected on three alternate days. GM237354 was given three times per day for seven consecutive days at 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg of body weight per dose. In addition, to provide a preliminary idea of the correlation between regimen administration and therapeutic efficacy, GM237354 was administered to two additional groups of rats at 5 mg/kg once or twice a day for 7 days. The drug efficacy was assessed microbiologically, histologically, and by a morphometric study of lesions. Evident agreement was observed among results obtained by the different methods in all of the animals studied. Microbiologically, the efficacy of GM237354 was determined by measuring the number of C. albicans organisms in the oral cavities of rats in the middle (day 4) and at the end (day 7) of the treatment. GM237354 administered at 5, 7.5, 10, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day for 7 days significantly reduced the number of CFU in the oral cavities of treated rats compared with the number of CFU in the oral cavities of the untreated controls. A significant reduction was also observed when GM237354 was administered at 7.5, 10, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Furthermore, C. albicans was not detected in oral swabs from any infected rats after 1 week of treatment when GM237354 was administered at 15 or 30 mg/kg/day or after 4 days of treatment at 30 mg/kg/day. Histologically, untreated control animals showed extensive colonization of the epithelium of the dorsal tongue by numerous hyphae. Animals treated with GM237354 at 7.5 mg/kg/day showed small areas with superficial hyphal penetration into the epithelium that produced intraepithelial microabscesses. However, animals treated with GM237354 at 15 mg/kg/day showed multiple regenerative areas of the covering epithelium, and only focalized zones of the tongue surface were occupied by hyphae. No hyphal colonization of the epithelium was seen in rats treated with GM237354 at 30 mg/kg/day and which showed extensive areas of epithelial regeneration of the tongue. The histopathology findings were confirmed by morphometry studies, and the percentage of epithelium occupied by C. albicans hyphae decreased from 17.5% in the control group to 4.8 and 0.1% in animals treated with GM237354 at 7.5 and 15 mg/kg/day, respectively. These results demonstrated that the sordarin derivative GM237354 was effective against experimental oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats, and further studies are needed to determine the potential of GM237354 for use in the treatment of this infection in humans.
 ...
PMID:Antifungal efficacy of GM237354, a sordarin derivative, in experimental oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. 1125 9

Sordarins constitute a new class of antifungal agents with a novel mechanism of action involving the selective inhibition of fungal protein synthesis. A further evolution of this class of antifungals has led to a new family of sordarin derivatives called azasordarins. The therapeutic efficacies of two new azasordarins, GW471552 and GW471558, were studied in experimental models of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. In all cases rats were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone in the drinking water. Oral candidiasis was established by inoculating 0.1 ml of a yeast suspension containing 5 x 10(8) cells of Candida albicans 4711E with a cotton swab on three alternate days. Vulvovaginal candidiasis was established in ovariectomized and estrus-induced rats by intravaginal inoculation of 10(7) CFU of C. albicans 4711E in 0.1 ml of saline. GW471552 and GW471558 were administered at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight via the subcutaneous route. In oral candidiasis, azasordarins were administered each 8 h for 7 consecutive days, while in vaginal candidiasis the compounds were given each 4 h for 3 consecutive days. Antifungal activity of azasordarins was assessed by colony counts and by histological examination 1 day after treatment. In the oral infection model, GW471552 and GW471558 administered at 5 mg/kg significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the number of CFU of C. albicans compared with untreated controls. In addition, GW471552 and GW471558 given at 10 mg/kg eradicated C. albicans from the oral cavities of 100% of infected animals. Against vulvovaginal infection, both compounds showed significant therapeutic efficacy. GW471552 was able to eradicate the vaginal fungal burden at a dose of 10 mg/kg, and it significantly reduced the number of CFU of C. albicans in vaginas of rats treated with a dose of 5 mg/kg (P < 0.05). GW471558 showed greater efficacy, eradicating the fungal burden of 100% of infected rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg and significantly reducing (P < 0.05) the C. albicans vaginal counts even at a dose of 1 mg/kg. In both therapeutic efficacy studies, the histological findings confirmed the microbiological results. The experimental results presented show that the tested azasordarins are effective against oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats and could be promising antifungal agents for use in humans.
 ...
PMID:Antifungal activities of two new azasordarins, GW471552 and GW471558, in experimental models of oral and vulvovaginal candidiasis in immunosuppressed rats. 1170 1

Twenty-four South African medicinal plants were screened against Candida albicans standard strain ATCC 10231 and two clinical isolates from a 5-month-old baby and an adult, in an attempt to find a traditional remedy to treat oral candidiasis, which is prevalent in HIV-patients. Allium sativum L. and Tulbaghia violacea L. aqueous bulb extracts had MIC values of 0.56 and 3.25mg/ml respectively, whilst Polygala myrtifolia L. leaves and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. rhizome extracts had MIC values of 1.56 mg/ml when tested against the 5-month-old isolate. Fresh water extracts stored at 4, 23 and 33 degrees C over a period of a week, were used to determine the stability of these extracts. Allium sativum and Tulbaghia violacea maintained activity at 4 degrees C, but not at higher temperatures, whereas Polygala myrtifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra lost activity within a day even at 4 degrees C. The unpleasant taste of the two species with a garlic smell, could however not be masked, and as the smell following the eating of the two species would lead to HIV-patients being recognised, these two plants where not considered for further investigation. Therefore, Polygala myrtifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra are being further investigated for use as an oral mouthwash in clinics and homes.
 ...
PMID:Screening of traditionally used South African plants for antifungal activity against Candida albicans. 1273 93

We assessed the potential of lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional milk protein, for treatment of oral candidiasis with immunosuppressed mice, which have local symptoms characteristic of oral thrush. Oral administration of bovine LF in drinking water starting 1 day before the infection significantly reduced the number of Candida albicans in the oral cavity and the score of lesions on the tongue on day 7 after the inoculation. The symptomatic effect of LF was confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic observations of the tongue's surface. Similar effects were also observed upon administration of LF pepsin hydrolysate, but not lactoferricin B, an antimicrobial peptide of LF. The anticandidal activity of LF was evident on administration either in drinking water or by intragastric intubation with a stomach tube. These results suggest that the effect of LF in this oral candidiasis model is not due to direct antifungal action. In conclusion, LF could have potential as a food component supporting antifungal drug treatment.
 ...
PMID:Oral lactoferrin treatment of experimental oral candidiasis in mice. 1287 28


1 2 3 4 Next >>