Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006849 (oral candidiasis)
 1,939 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We assessed correlations between body mass index and plasma lipids, immune activation markers and the CD4+ T-cell count. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were randomly selected and comprised all those who attended the AIDS Out-Patient Clinic at the University Hospital in Innsbruck in March and April 1992. Patients with signs and symptoms of acute bacterial and secondary opportunistic infections were excluded. We investigated 63 individuals with HIV infection of whom 35 were asymptomatic, 8 had oral candidiasis, 4 had constitutional signs and symptoms and 16 had AIDS, for an association among body mass index, urinary neopterin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFRs), plasma lipids, and the numbers of CD4+ T cells. The body mass index correlated inversely with urinary neopterin (rs = -0.42, p = 0.0009) and weakly with the numbers of CD4+ T cells (rs = 0.29, p = 0.02) but not with plasma lipids, sTNFRs and beta 2-microglobulin. The results show that body mass index correlates with immune activation. The data suggest that endogenous formation of interferon-gamma may be an important mediator of wasting in HIV infection, since this cytokine is responsible for the observed elevation of neopterin concentrations in body fluids.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of body mass index with urinary neopterin in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 791 Oct 45

We report on a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, who developed pruritic vesiculopapules from the age of six months and also had recurrent episodes of skin abscesses and oral thrush. Serum IgE was extremely elevated at 59,514 IU/ml and specific IgE antibody to Staphylococcus aureus was positive. Histological examination from a vesiculopapule on the face revealed that eosinophil-rich infiltration involved hair follicles, similar to eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. We also examined cytokine profiles of circulating CD4+ T cells by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. The ratio of cells positive for interferon-gamma was significantly reduced compared with a control. Several reports have shown decreased interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. We think that this cytokine profile and the histological findings of our patient support the hypothesis that TH1/TH2 imbalance is involved in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Hyperimmunoglobin E syndrome: a sign of TH1/TH2 imbalance? 1006 63

The aim of this experiment was to establish a mouse model of irradiation-induced oral candidiasis and to explore the cellular populations and mechanisms by which the infection is cleared from the oral mucosa. BALB/c mice received irradiation to the head and neck equivalent to 800 Rad using a Cobalt 60 gamma source. Both irradiated and non-irradiated mice were infected orally with 1 x 10(8) Candida albicans yeasts. Compared with untreated controls, irradiated animals developed a more severe infection of longer duration, with hyphae penetrating the oral mucosa. Monoclonal antibody depletion of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells from the systemic circulation prolonged the infection in irradiated mice, but not in controls. Supernatants of submandibular and superficial cervical lymph node cultures from irradiated animals demonstrated significantly higher titers of interleukin-12, but similar levels of interferon-gamma compared with controls. Screening for cytokine production by an RNase protection assay detected only macrophage migration inhibition factor in irradiated and non-irradiated oral tissues from day 8 onwards. The results of this study demonstrate a requirement for CD4+ T cells in the recovery from oral candidiasis induced by head and neck irradiation in mice, and are consistent with a role for Th1-type cytokines in host resistance.
 ...
PMID:Irradiation-induced oral candidiasis in an experimental murine model. 1173 59

A murine model of oral candidiasis was used to show that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in host resistance to infection with Candida albicans in infection-'resistant' BALB/c and infection-'prone' DBA/2 mice. Following infection, increased NO production was detected in saliva. Postinfection samples of saliva inhibited the growth of yeast in vitro. Treatment with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMLA), an inhibitor of NO synthesis, led to reduced NO production, which correlated with an increase in C. albicans growth. Reduction in NO production following MMLA treatment correlated with an abrogation of interleukin-4 (IL-4), but not interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), mRNA gene expression in regional lymph node cells. Down-regulation of IL-4 production was accompanied with an increase in IFN-gamma production in infection-'prone' DBA/2 mice. There was a functional relationship between IL-4 and NO production in that mice treated with anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody showed a marked inhibition of NO production in saliva and in culture of cervical lymph node cells stimulated with C. albicans antigen. The results support previous conclusions that IL-4 is associated with resistance to oral candidiasis and suggest that NO is involved in controlling colonization of the oral mucosal surface with C. albicans.
 ...
PMID:Nitric oxide-enhanced resistance to oral candidiasis. 1189 31

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited phagocytic disorder caused by defective oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and monocytes. Patients with CGD may present with recurrent, life-threatening bacterial or fungal infections and often need repeated hospitalization as early as infancy. We report a case of a boy aged 3 years and 1 month with a history of oral thrush, chronic diarrhea, skin abscesses, multiple small joints osteomyelitis, and multiple liver abscesses since 2 months of age. X-linked chronic granulomatous disease was diagnosed by nitroblue tetrazolium test and further confirmed by genetic study using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and genomic DNA sequencing. Two episodes of aspergillosis with severe aspergillus lung empyema and life-threatening Klebsiella pneumoniae infections were noted in the first 2 years of life despite long-term prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and itraconazole. Recombinant human interferon-gamma (rINF-gamma) 50 microg/m(2) subcutaneous injection 3 times per week was added after his last episode of severe infection. Thereafter, the boy had normal growth and development with no evidence of severe infection during 18 months of follow-up at our outpatient clinic.
 ...
PMID:Therapeutic effect of interferon-gamma for prevention of severe infection in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. 1278 37

Cell-mediated immunity is important for anti-Candida host defence in mucosal tissues. In this study we used cytokine-specific gene knockout mice to investigate the requirement for T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines in recovery from oral candidiasis. Knockout mice used in this study included interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, IL-12p40, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). The mice were challenged either orally or systemically with Candida albicans yeasts, and levels of colonization were determined. IL-12p40 knockout mice developed chronic oropharyngeal candidiasis, but were not more susceptible to systemic challenge. On the other hand, TNF knockout mice displayed increased susceptibility to both oral and systemic challenge, but only in the acute stages of infection. TNF apparently has a protective effect in the acute stages of both oral and systemic candidiasis, whereas IL-12p40 is essential for recovery from oral but not systemic candidiasis. The role of IL-12p40, and its relation to T-cell-mediated responses remain to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Distinct roles for interleukin-12p40 and tumour necrosis factor in resistance to oral candidiasis defined by gene-targeting. 1684 10