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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spleen cells from BDIX-rats bearing either GVlAl-tumor (a syngeneic mixed glioma) or NVlAc-tumor (a cloned syngeneic neurinoma of the peripheral nervous system) were cytotoxic to both tumor cells in vitro. However, the tumors displayed individually distinct antigenic specificities by in vivo rejection tests. Their in vitro cross-reactivity disappeared when a particular subpopulation of the spleen cells was used. The procedure of lymphocyte purification included three consecutive steps: treatment with carbonyl iron and magnetism, passage through a nylon wool column, and finally removal of complement receptor-bearing cells present in the colum-excluded population. Cross-reactivity between the syngeneic tumors persisted after the first two steps of lymphocyte purification. In contrast, specific cytotoxic reactions were observed against each individual tumor subsequent to the removal of the remaining C3 receptor-positive but surface Ig-negative cells. While killer cells were present in normal spleen-cell populations, these were almost completely eliminated by passage through the nylon wool column.
Int J Cancer 1975 Aug 15
PMID:Spleen-cell reactivity against transplanted neurogenic rat tumors induced by ethylnitrosourea: uncovering of tumor specificity after removal of complement-receptor-bearing lymphocytes. 5 Feb 96

Functional markers and growth behavior of abnormal hepatocytes at several stages of liver carcinogenesis were studied. Early lesions, i.e., hyperplastic foci and areas, did not accumulate iron in siderotic livers, had persistent glycogen stores, were not more agglutinable by concanavalin A, and were associated with alpha-fetoprotein secretion, but were not independent secretors of high amounts. The cells in the early lesions had an increased mitotic index, but cells from livers with early lesions did not have an increased survival in cell culture or the ability to grow in soft agar. The more developed lesions, hyperplastic nodules, also did not store iron, had persistent glycogen, did not display increased concanavalin A agglutinability, and were not independent secretors of high levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Similarly, nodule cells were proliferative but did not display an increase in survival in cell culture. In addition, both iso- and autotransplantation of nodules into mammary fat pads resulted in persistence but not growth of nodule cells. On the other hand, hepatocellular carcinomas regularly grew upon transplantation. Thus, early lesions and hyperplastic nodules were proliferative lesions did not possess autonomous growth capability comparable to that of hepatocellular carcinomas.
Cancer Res 1976 Jul
PMID:Functional markers and growth behavior of preneoplastic hepatocytes. 5 21

In 56 patients with Hodgkin's disease, the following bloodtests were carried out: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, alpha2-globuline, serium iron concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. In some patients we additionally measured alkaline leucocyte phosphatase and serum ribonuclease activity. In our series ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations were the most sensitive metabolic parameters. A rise in fibrinogen concentration, alkaline phosphatase and serum ribonclease activity seems to indicate extensive disease. It is not possible, however, to discern between a state of remission and stage I by means of these parameters. ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations might be either elevated or normal in both instances. These parameters seem important in order to distinguish between a remission or stage I on the one hand and extensive disease in stage III and IV on the other hand. Concomitant findings of ESR above 40 mmh, elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and alpha2-globuline, as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase and serum and serum ribonuclease activity mostly indicate stage III or IV.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1976 Jun 15
PMID:[Significance of metabolic parameters in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. 5 79

An increase in the serum copper (Cu++) level has been described as a sensitive index of disease activity in several hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies. In order to explore the diagnostic value of Cu++ compared to other hematochemical parameters frequently abnormal in malignancies, Cu++, serum alpha2 globulin (alpha2), plasmatic fibrinogen (Fibr), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and serum iron (Fe++) have been detected and evaluated in 267 patients affected with the following diseases: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL), Acute Leukemias (AL), Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Myeloma (MM), and Breast Cancer (BC). The best correlation between Cu++ increase and disease activity has been found in HL, NHL, AL, and BC. In these diseases, when the considered parameters were compared, Cu++ and ESR showed a similar pattern, i.e., a high frequency of abnormalities in active disease. It is concluded that Cu++ represents a good complement to some other aspecific parameters in evaluating the activity and diffusion of neoplasias and the therapeutic results, particularly in HL, NHL, AL and BC.
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PMID:The diagnostic value of serum copper levels and other hematochemical parameters in malignancies. 7 79

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) levels were measured in 381 undiagnosed patients who presented with clinical problems commonly associated with gastrointestinal malignancy. The results were compared with the final diagnosis after follow-up for up to 5 years to see whether C.E.A.-testing added any useful information. Of 307 patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, lower gastrointestinal symptoms, or irom deficiency anaemia, C.E.A. levels greater than 20 ng/ml indicated malignancy in 5 but in 3 of these malignancy was also diagnosed after routine investigation. Of 74 patients presenting with obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, or abnormal liver function, malignancy was diagnosed in 38. In 9 of these patients the diagnosis of malignancy could otherwise have been reached only by laparotomy. The serum-C.E.A. thus reached only by laparotomy. The serum-C.E.A. thus seems to be of value in the assessment of liver disease but not in patients with gastric or colonic symptoms or iron-deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations in undiagnosed patients. 8 41

When lymphocytes from a majority of patients with cancer are incubated with encephalitogenic factor, a lymphocyte product is released that reduces the anodic electrophoretic mobilities of guinea pig macrophages and fixed, tanned sheep erythrocytes. Although these reactions are not specific for cancer, it is distinctly possible that in patients with cancer, products from stimulated lymphocytes are capable of altering the surfaces of the patients' own macrophages, thereby modifying the course of their disease. In this paper, we attempt to elucidate some mechanisms for the binding of lymphocyte products to macrophages, such as occurs in the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test, since this may be of general interest. Binding of lymphocyte product to macrophages has been monitored by measurements of their electrophoretic mobilities and by electron microscopic determination of the density of binding of electron-dense, cationic colloidal iron hydroxide particles to their surfaces. The results show that the lymphocyte products reduce the net surface negativity of the macrophages by (coulombic) binding of this net positively charged material to sialic acids at the macrophage surface. Product-binding can be prevented by prior treatment of the macrophages with neuraminidase. It appears that only a minority of sialic acids are involved in the binding process, which occurs without demonstrable blocking of adjacent sialic acids or redistribution of such sites over the macrophage surface. Parallel experiments with fixed tanned erythrocytes also suggest that binding of lymphocyte product is not solely determined by surface sialic acids, although it cannot occur without them.
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PMID:On the mechanism of binding of human lymphocyte products to guinea pig macrophages. 9 69

4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene was fed to Wistar-derived, male, albino rats after hepatic siderosis had been induced by including ferric citrate in the diet. Iron-free foci of hepatocytes developed and this characteristic enabled them to be recognized macroscopically in the brown parenchyma. Five such lesions, each 1 mm or less in diameter, were studied by light and electron microscopy. The cells in the foci were larger than those surrounding the foci and had a granular and moderately basophilic cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, the cells closely resembled normal hepatocytes. They possessed well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous free ribosomes, peroxisomes, bile canaliculi, and cytoplasmic junctional complexes, but only small stores of glycogen were observed. Occasional ferritin-laden lysosomes persisted in some cells. These foci were regarded as hyperplastic. Possibly, they evolved into hyperplastic nodules either of the basophilic or vacuolated type. These foci should be clearly distinguished from hyperbasophilic foci that consisted of very poorly differentiated cells.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Aug
PMID:Hyperplastic foci in precancerous rat liver: light microscopic and electron microscopic study. 9 41

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and the various lymphocyte fractions from patients with cancer of the colon were cultivated with target cells (P-4788) derived from the colon cancer. Changes in the surface ultrastructure during tumor cell destruction were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). P-4788 cells adhering to the coverslip showed various surface activity. The surfaces of some cells were relatively flat; others were smooth or had fine granules. Still other cells were villous, round or had marked blebs. When host lymphocytes were added to the target cells, adhesion of the two cell groups began by many fine projections. After incubation for 6 h, some lymphocytes had adhered to the target cells. Many lymphocytes had adhered to the target tumor cells by 24--48 h incubation. Ultimately the tumor cells became swollen and disrupted. Most lymphocytes adherent to the target cells had few microvilli. Lymphocytes after elimination of phagocytes by carbonyl iron treatment also adhered readily. Some target cells showed adhesion with lymphocytes passed through nylon-wool columns, although the number of lymphocytes adhering was fewer than in the case of lymphocytes not passed through nylon-wool columns. T cells were collected from lymphocytes that form rosettes with SRBC by isolation with NH4Cl. They had markedly elongated microvilli which in places were sparsely scattered and tended to be localized on the side, a finding which suggests loss of cell activity by the time of SEM. Only a few T cells adhered to target cells and they seemed to be T cells without activity. It was thought that there are cytotoxic cells among T cells and that the co-existence of T cells, non-T cells and monocytes caused target cell destruction.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopy of interaction of peripheral blood lymphocytes from colonic cancer patients with human colonic cancer-derived cells; P-4788. 16 68

Lymph-node cells (LNC) from multiparous pregnant rats were separated on columns prepared from nylon wool, and tested for cytotoxicity against target tumour cells. Reactivity of LNC towards hepatoma D23 and mammary carcinoma AAF57 was demonstrated in cell populations retained on the nylon wool, and not with cells eluted from the column. Although only 25% of the samples of unfractionated LNC were cytotoxic for tumour cells, retained cell fractions were cytotoxic in 11 out of 12 tests (p = less than 0.05). Similarly retained LNC were also cytotoxic for 15-day-old embryo cells but not for normal adult rat fibroblasts. Using multiparous rat serum it was shown that the reactivity of the retained LNC population could be abrogated in eight out of 11 tests (p = less than 0.05). The LNC population recovered from the nylon wool constituted 28 to 35% of the original LNC preparation, and consisted of 60-70% Ig-bearing cells together with a subpopulation of cells responding to soluble PHA. Separation of multiparous LNC on glass beads coated with rat Ig and then rabbit anti-rat Ig (in excess) also demonstrated the retained cell population to be cytotoxic against tumour cells. Approximately 17-20% of the original cell population was recovered from cells retained on the column, and consisted of an enriched Ig-bearing cell population (65-80% Ig-bearing cells) and LNC responsive to PHA. Carbonyl iron treatment of multiparous rat LNC was found to remove detectable cytotoxicity from multiparous rat LNC preparations. The cytotoxicity of multiparous rat LNC retained on nylon wool was also abolished following incubation with carbonyl iron. Definite conclusions as to the nature of the effector cell cannot be drawn from this test, since carbonyl iron treatment was found to remove not only phagocytic cells from LNC preparations but also a proportion of other cell populations including Ig-bearing lymphocytes... In addition to detecting a cytotoxic LNC population reactive towards tumour-associated embryonic antigens (retained fractions from nylon-wool column separation), a subpopulation of multiparous rat LNC was demonstrated in cell fractions eluted from the nylon wool which was shown to suppress the cytotoxicity of the retained multiparous LNC population. The exact nature of this subpopulation of LNC and the mechanism of action is at present not known.
Int J Cancer 1975 May 15
PMID:Subpopulations of multiparous rat lymph-node cells cytotoxic for rat tumour cells and capable of suppressing cytotoxicity in vitro. 16 46

The cell-mediated immune response of C57BL/6 mice to murine sarcoma virus (MSV) was examined by the [125I]-iododeoxyuridine release cytotoxicity assay using MSV-induced sarcoma tissue culture cell lines as target cells. Cellular cytotoxicity was detected as early as 3 days after virus inoculation. Most mice assayed between 12 and 17 days after MSV inoculation gave positive results with maximum levels of activity present on Days 13 and 14. Reactivity was frequently detected for up to 100 days after MSV inoculation, although at low levels (5 to 10%). Additional experiments comparing the kinetics of the cellular response as measured by different in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed. The results showed a good direct correlation between the [125I]iododeoxyuridine release assay and a 51Cr release assay. A similar pattern of reactivity was also observed when the cellular response was measured by a visual microcytotoxicity assay, although reactivity dropped off more rapidly and became undetectable in most instances by 20 days after injection of MSV. Studies on effector cell type revealed that cytotoxicity in all three assays was T-cell dependent, being eliminated by treatment with anti-theta plus complement. Macrophages did not appear to play a role, since treatment with carbonyl iron and magnet had no effect.
Cancer Res 1975 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of the cell-mediated immune response to murine sarcoma virus by (125I)iododeoxyuridine assay and comparison with chromium 51 and microcytotoxicity assays. 16 66


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