Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme that hydrolyzes the O-glycosidic linkage between alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and serine or threonine in mucins and mucin-type glycoproteins was purified by chromatography on an Affi-Gel 202 column or isoelectric focusing from filtrates of Diplococcus pneumoniae cultures. The final preparations were free of protease and a wide range of other glycosidase activities. The preparation obtained by isoelectric focusing was shown to consist of a single protein by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. This preparation had an apparent molecular weight of about 160,000, determined by gel filtration, an optimum pH of 7.6, and an isoelectric point in the range pH 8 to 9. The enzyme releases the disaccharide Gal-GalNAc from a variety of glycopeptide and glycoprotein substrates and appears to have a specific requirement for an unsubstituted galactose in the nonreducing terminus and an alpha linkage between N-acetylgalactosamine and the aglycone. This is the only endoenzyme known capable of cleaving the linkage between a carbohydrate and serine or threonine residues in glycoproteins. The ability of this enzyme to act on macromolecular substrates and its pH optimum makes it ideally suited to explore the distribution and function of mucin-type glycoproteins on normal and cancer cell surfaces.
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PMID:Purification and properties of an endo-alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase from Diplococcus pneumoniae. 2 77

Intestinal mucins are complex glycoproteins which are secreted from goblet cells, and form a gel-like covering over the mucosal surface. They are assumed to provide lubrication and protection of the underlying epithelium against potentially injurious chemicals, enzymes, bacteria and dietary constituents. Recent advances in our understanding of mucin structure, secretion and functional properties are reviewed in this paper. Implications for diseases such as cystic fibrosis, peptic ulcer, malignancy and inflammatory bowel disease are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Intestinal mucins in health and disease. 2 18

A greater than expected incidence of adenocaricinoma of the uterine cervix is reported. Among 41 cases of cervical carcinoma, 14 (34%) were adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathologic data for these cases are summarized. Eleven of the 14 cases were pure adenocarcinomas; 3 were mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. The value of cytopathology is demonstrated in the 7 of 9 pretreatment cervical cytologies whereby adenocarcinoma was indicated (an accuracy rate of 78%). The other 2 revealed abnormal cells in which malignancy was a possibility. Three cases clinically were initially considered endometrial adenocarcinoma, but by our classification criteria, including Alcian blue staining for cervical mucin content of acid mucopolysaccharide, they were more specifically identified as primary endocervical in origin.
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PMID:Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. 4 15

Ovarian carcinoma contains an antigen (TA) which is stable at 100 degrees. Rabbit antisera to glycoprotein-rich extracts of tumors detect TA in 70 per cent of ovarian malignancies, in some benign ovarian cysts, certain normal lung preparations, normal cervix, and squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix. Highest levels may be associated with mucin secretion. No detectible antigen was present in normal ovary, plasma, A, B, and O erythrocytes, leukocytes, placenta, brain, heart, liver, corpus uteri, spleen, skeletal muscle, or kidney. Prolonged digestion of boiled tumor extracts with papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, on Sephadex G-150 corresponding to a globular protein of 27,000 to 36,000 molecular weight. A beta-globulin mobility is seen in immunoelectrophoresis. It appears that TA differs in tissue specificity and molecular size from other known ovarian cancer associated antigens.
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PMID:A thermostable antigen associated with ovarian cancer. 6 15

Urine samples of normal male Fischer rats or rats fed 0.2% N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide for 6,8 or 30 weeks were collected and centrifuged 50 weeks after beginning treatment. After being sonicated and assayed (with purified desialylated ovine submaxillary mucin as acceptor glycoprotein), the exfoliated bladder cells obtained from the urines of treated rats showed uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose:glycoprotein transferase activity. The specific enzymatic activity of the enzyme from cells of 30-week-treated rats was about 10 times higher than from normal rats. The enzyme from cells of hyperplastic rats (treated 6 or 8 weeks) was only slightly higher in specific activity than that of normal rats. A similar was obtained at a later stage of bladder tumor induction, when the urines from 30-week-treated rats contained blood. A correction was made for protein contributed by the blood clot. The possibility that the blood clot contributed galactosyl transferase activity was excluded. Activity of the enzyme was detected in normal rat bladder tissue and in normal human urine.
Cancer Biochem Biophys 1977
PMID:Uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose: glycoprotein galactosyl transferase activity in exfoliated bladder epithelial cells in rats fed N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl) formamide. 9 27

The autopsy case of an 80-year-old female with pseudomyxoma peritonei arising in the left ovary is reported. The patient was admitted with complaints of anorexia, sense of fullness and abdominal distension of two months' duration, and died of intestinal obstruction four months later. The autopsy revealed extensive tumor dissemination over the entire peritoneal cavity without any visceral invasion or distant metastasis. A part of the sigmoid colon showed marked stenosis and perforation with abscess formation. Histologically, the tumor was composed of various sized multiple cysts which were completely or incompletely lined by a layer of mucin-producing columnar epithelial cells with moderate nuclear hyperchromatism, and of a papillary pattern in some parts, indicating low grade malignancy.
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PMID:Pseudomyxoma peritonei of ovarian origin--an autopsy case. 16 72

The study of histological sections of 406 cases of nonendocrine pancreas carcinoma at Memorial Hospital indicated that morphological patterns of pancreas carcinoma could be delineated as follows: duct cell adenocarcinoma (76%), giant-cell carcinoma (5%), microadenocarcinoma (4%), adenosquamous cancinoma (4%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (2%), anaplastic carcinoma (2%), cystadenocarcinoma (1%), acinar cell carcinoma (1%), carcinoma in childhood (under 1%), unclassified (7%). In 195 cases of patients with pancreas carcinoma, search was made for changes in the pancreas duct epithelium and these were compared to duct epithelium in a control group of 100 pancreases from autopsies of patients with nonpancreatic cancer. The following incidences were found for pancreas cancer and nonpancreatic cancer, respectively: mucous cell hypertrophy, 39 versus 28%; pyloric gland metaplasia, 28 and 17%; epidermoid metaplasia, 6 and 12%; papillary hyperplasia, 42 and 12%; atypical duct hyperplasia, 14% and none; cancinoma in situ in 19% and none in the control group. Mucin in the majority of pancreas cancers suggested that the cell type of origin of the common pancreas cancer is the mucin-producing duct epithelium. The association of atypias and carcinomas in situ in the patients with pancreas carcinoma implies, by analogy to other organs, that there may be a significant latent period between the appearance of carcinoma in situ and the grossly recognizable pancreas cancer.
Cancer Res 1975 Aug
PMID:Morphological patterns of primary nonendocrine human pancreas carcinoma. 16 49

Ultrastructural features were correlated with a series of special staining reactions in eight cases of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Ultrastructural, all tumors were similarly composed of large cells with abundant cytoplasm and small nuclei in close contact with each other. Straight membranes or complex interdigitations occurred within adjacent tumor cells, attached to each other by scattered desmosomes. Microvilli or cilia abutted from free surfaces of the cells, and were noted in different stages of evolution. Numerous organelles were seen in the cytoplasm, including prominent mitochondria and single or coalescent secretory vacuoles with granular matrix resembling mucin. Other cytosomes less commonly found were irregular, partially lamellated inclusions and dark, homogeneous structures without limiting membranes. The stroma of the tumors was rich in elastin and collagen. Both the number of secretory vacuoles in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and the amount of connective tissue fibrils in the stroma of the tumors correlated well with the findings in the series of special staining reactions. No definite ultrastructural feature was present to identify the tumors as orginating from Type II alveolar epithelial cells, but the possibility exists that they arose in the bronchiole, from undifferentiated basal cells or mucinous cells per se. Our impression in these eight cases studied is consistent with the view that bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas are indistinguishable at the ultrastructural level from other bronchogenic adenocarcinomas.
Cancer 1975 Oct
PMID:Ultrastructure of human bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma. 16 87

Review of the coagulation laboratory records and medical records at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center over a three year period (1971--1974) revealed 89 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The diagnosis of DIC was made if laboratory studies showed evidence of quantitative and qualitative changes in fibrinogen and significant thrombocytopenia. The patients included 19 with leukemia (17 acute), 3 with multiple myeloma, 15 with lymphoma, 46 with metastatic solid tumors, (10 lung, 9 breast, 8 gastrointestinal, 12 genitourinary, 7 miscellaneous) 4 with vascular tumors, and 3 without tumor. Other conditions which might have precipitated or initiated DIC such as gram-negative sepsis, liver impairment, or mucin secreting tumors were present in the majority of patients. Bleeding occurred in 75% of the patients and was fatal in 36%. Thromboembolism occurred in 22.5%. Thirteen percent were asymptomatic. Serum lactic dehydrogenase was elevated in over 75% of the patients at the time of, or subsequent to the occurrence of DIC. Treatment with heparin was helpful in only three of twenty patients. Eighty percent of the patients died within one to over 30 days of the onset of DIC. Post mortem evidence of DIC was present in 18 of 43 autopsies. Results of this study indicate that DIC is a frequent complication of a wide variety of tumors and that its occurrence causes morbidity and mortality in a significant number of patients. Treatment with heparin is of little help unless remission is induced and the precipitating factor(s) are reversed.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation: experience in a major cancer center. 17 94

Six cases of primary lung cancer that closely mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma clinically and anatomically are compared with four proven cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Findings on roentgenograms of the chest, clinical history, and gross examination of the lung specimens are not helpful in distinguishing between these two neoplasms. Microscopic examination of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues is often inconclusive. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS with and without diastase treatment (DPAS), mucicarmine, alcian blue, toluidine blue, and colloidal iron with and without digestion by testicular hyaluronidase. Among these histochemical methods, DPAS was found to be particularly useful in distinguishing the primary lung cancers from the mesotheliomas. All primary lung cancers except one showed DPAS-positive material (mucin) in both the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and within the lumina of neoplastic glands. In contrast, none of the mesotheliomas showed the presence of DPAS-positive material. Histologically, all lung cancers were glandular. Five were classified as bronchiolar carcinoma, the remaining one as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In two of the bronchiolar carcinomas, a small subpleural primary focus was demonstrated. This finding suggests a possible origin of these cancers as a small subpleural tumor that became widely disseminated via the subpleural lymphatics. This form of primary lung cancer possesses sufficient gross and microscopic characteristics that recognition should be given to it as a variant of primary lung cancer, with emphasis on differentiating it from pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. A variant of peripheral lung cancer. 17 52


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