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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cell line, designated as OUR-10, has been established from a renal carcinoma in a Japanese woman. This cell line forms monolayers of polygonal epithelial cells with scattered round or dendritic cells and exhibits multilayering. With electron microscopy, differentiated surface structures that resemble the microvilli characteristic of renal carcinomas can be seen even at the 60th transfer. The cells have a hypodiploid karyotype with modal numbers of 39 and 40. No marker chromosomes were seen, but definite nonrandom loss of three chromosomes in Group D and one in Group E were recognized. The doubling time was estimated as approximately 32 hr in exponentially growing cultures, and the cells formed colonies in soft agar with an average efficiency of 25%. Heterotransplantation into the cheek pouch of immunosuppressed hamsters produced tumors that were histologically similar to the original cancerous tissue. The electrophoretic mobility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase extracted from the cells coincided with that of a novel isozyme found in human renal carcinoma tissue, and the genetic phenotype of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was proved to be the B phenotype. The antigenic structure of HLA was determined as HLA-A2, 11; B5, 40, which was the same as that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the woman with renal carcinoma.
Cancer Res 1979 Nov
PMID:Characterization of an established cell line from human renal carcinoma. 4 Jun 93

Characterization studies have been carried out on eight cell lines (253J, 192B, 639V, 647V, 486P, 575A,743E, and 751G) established from transitional cell cancers of the human urinary tract. Although subtle morphological differences exist among individual lines, each has an epithelial morphology and exhibits multilayering. The doubling times for the cells range from 20 to 56 hr, and at least a 1-to-3 split can be achieved when they are subcultured every 4th day. Karyotypic analysis revealed a hyperdiploid stemline for each cell line, and presence of a Y chromosome was confirmed by Q banding in five of the lines. The tumorigenic nature of the cell lines was demonstrated by their production of tumors in hamsters and confirmed by colony formation in agar. The transitional cell cancer lines were shown to be free of Mycoplasma, and their glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mobility patterns and their Karyotypes prove that they are not HeLa cells.
Cancer Res 1977 May
PMID:Properties of cell lines established from transitional cell cancers of the human urinary tract. 6 78

The R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma was not dependent on insulin; tumor growth was equal to or greater in diabetic rats than in intact animals. However, tumor growth was reduced when daily doses of insulin were administered. Treatment with estrogen inhibited growth of the R3230AC carcinoma, either in diabetic rats or in intact animals simultaneously treated with insulin. The effects of insulin plus estrogen treatment appeared to be additive in causing inhibition of tumor growth. Tumors from diabetic rats showed few metabolic alterations as reflected by little or no changes in the activities of selected glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase, nor any striking changes in the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, representing the pentose phosphate pathway. A modest reduction in the ratio of utilization of (1-14C)glucose: (6-14C)glucose was seen in vitro by tumors from diabetic rats. It was concluded that insulin, along with estrogen and prolactin, should be considered as a hormonal factor that influences growth of this automonous, hormone-responsive adenocarcinoma.
Cancer Res 1975 Mar
PMID:Influence of insulin on estrogen-induced responses in the r3230ac mammary carcinoma. 12 68

Human adult lung fragments removed from macroscopically undamaged and anthracosis exempted zones of lungs of 20 pneumonectomies made for cancer, were tested for 25 enzymic activities. The location and intensities of these enzymic activities were different in the lung tissue components; The bronchial epithelia contained highly active LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, active hydroxyproline-2-epimerase, alkaline phosphatase. Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, and beta-galactosidase. Bronchial and vascular muscles presented intense activities of LDH, MDH and SDH of alkalinephosphatase, AMP-ase and Ca2+-activated ATP-ase, as well as of beta-galactosidase. The alveolar walls presented high activities of SDH, MDH and LDH, of alkaline and acid phosphatases, of beta-galactosidase and of Tween-40 and 60-esterases, of HEP, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase. The free alveolar macrophages were active for LDH, MDH, SDH, NADH-TR and NADPH-TR, G1-6-ph-DH, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATP-ase, Tween-esterases, naphthol-ASD-acetate esterase, and beta-galactosidase. The endothelia contained high activities of alkaline phosphatase, of AMP-ase and Mg2+-activated ATPase, of LDH, MDH and SDH, and of beta-galactosidase. In bronchial lymphoid nodules it was the LDH, MDH, SDH, cytochrome-oxidase and peroxidase, HEP, alkaline phosphatase and AMP-ase, Tween-60-esterase and beta-galactosidase that were active. The interlobular areas of the lung presented intense activities of SDH, MDH, LDH, HEP and cytochrome-oxidase. The activities of the other tested enzymes were weaker or absent in the adult human lung components, the same as those of aminopeptidases which were present only in some free alveolar macrophages. The discussion of some relationships between these enzymic actitivies and the morphology of the human adult lung tissue asserted that the latter could not be considered as a "normal" tissue but as one overstrained by the components of blood and polluted air.
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PMID:Histoenzymology of the lung. I. Enzyme activities of the lung tissue of acult humans; relationships between structure and functions. 14 Mar 14

The activity of the following enzymes was studied in normal, precancerous, and malignant biopsies from the human cervix uteri: hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate-kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). In precancerous conditions, i.e., dysplasia and carcinoma in situ without any signs of invasive carcinoma, only PK showed moderate but significant activity increases. A rise in enzyme activity in biopsies histologically classified as carcinoma in situ was found to signal the presence of invasive carcinoma in other parts of the cervix. In invasive carcinomas of the cervix, all the enzymes studied showed a two- to four-fold increase (p less than 0.01) as compared to the normal cervix. The present study failed to reveal significant differences between enzyme activities in biopsies from patients in Stage I, II, and III; no correlation could be established between enzyme activity and prognosis.
Cancer 1975 Feb
PMID:The glycolytic enzyme activity of the human cervix uteri. 16 34

The determination of hormone inducible proteins in endocrine tumours may yield information about the presence of hormone dependent tumour cells. We have estimated the high affinity oestradiol binding capacity in primary mammary carcinomata of 57 postmenopausal patients. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactose synthetase are known from animal experiments to be hormone inducible. Therefore, in biopsies of sufficient size the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (47 pateints) and lactose synthetase (23 patients) was also studied. It was found that biopsies with high binding capacity also showed high activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactose synthetase A protein (galactosyl transferase). No lactose synthetase B protein (alpha-lactalbumin) has been discovered in the tumours. The present observations may be considered suggestive evidence of a relationship between high oestradiol binding capcity and high activities of the two enzymes on the one hand and hormone dependence of the tumour on the other. However, further clinical studies are required before final conclusions in this respect can be drawn.
Br J Cancer 1975 Apr
PMID:High affinity oestradiol receptors and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactose synthetase in mammary carcinomata of postmenopausal women. 16 14

Male Wistar rats were given 50 mug of aflatoxin B1 twice a week for 4 weeks, and thereafter 75 mug twice a week for 10 weeks. Their livers were investigated histologically and histochemically for glycogen, RNA, fat, alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, and alkaline and acid nucleases. No significant lesions occurred before 15 weeks. During this period, the liver was histochemically unchanged except for a periportal decrease of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Scattered hepatocytes with a strong glucose-6-phosphatase activity appeared. These changes represent toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and are irrelevant to carcinogenesis. From 15 weeks onward, three types of liver cell hyperplastic foci and nodules developed. Histologically, and with respect to glycogen, fat, and RNA content, only two of these types were considered as potential precursors of hepatocarcinomas. However, all types exhibited a decrease or absence of the enzymes studied. Both histological and histochemical changes stressed the complex heterogeneity existing between and within hepatic foci and nodules. From 11 months on, hepatocarcinomas developed. The tumors disclosed similar histochemical changes. This similarity further supports the "precarcinomatous" nature of hyperplastic foci and nodules. It appears that focal changes in surface as well as in cytoplasmic and nuclear enzymes are intimately and very early linked to the carcinogenic process. Whether they are fundamental or only represent an epiphenomenon remains unclear.
Cancer Res 1975 Oct
PMID:Sequential histological and histochemical study of the rat liver during aflatoxin B1-induced carcinogenesis. 16 70

Normal and abnormal breast samples of women were analyzed for multiple molecular forms of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, using acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and specific enzyme staining techniques for separation and quantitation. Infiltrating ductal carcinomas demonstrated a significant increase (three to six-fold) in the proportion of LDH-5 compared to samples of normal breast, fibrocystic disease and fibroadenoma, indicative of a shift toward the muscle-type lactate dehydrogenase in neoplasia. For glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, carcinomas were found to contain increased proportions of the fastest migrating species, G6PD-I. Total enzyme activity/mg DNA was elevated in meoplastic tissues. Little or no alteration in isoenzyme profiles could be related to menopausal status of the patient.
Cancer 1976 Apr
PMID:Multiple molecular forms of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in normal and abnormal human breast tissues. 17 77

For the biochemical characterization of a new transplantable hepatoma derived from the MC-29 virus-induced liver tumor, the macromolecular content and the inducibility of glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were compared in chicken liver and in this hepatoma. The alteration of the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was deduced from measurements of DNA, RNA, protein, and phospholipid contents of the whole cell homogenate and cell fractions. The increased nuclear and decreased cytoplasmic content of macromolecules suggests a dominancy of the nuclei in the tumor cells. Glucose-6-phosphatase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities were lower by 60 and 80%, respectively, in the highly proliferating hepatoma than in the liver. In contrast, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased in the hepatoma. However, enzyme inducers, such as methylcholanthrene, hydrocortisone, and insulin, were able to enhance the activity of these enzymes in the liver but had no stimulating effect on the hepatoma.
Cancer Res 1976 Jul
PMID:Biochemistry and enzyme induction in MC-29 virus-induced transplantable avian hepatoma. 17 98

An ultramicrochemical technique has been adapted to the evolution of enzyme profiles within individual human mammary tumors. Tandem observation of adjacent stained and lyophilized sections permitted dissection of microgram quantities of freeze-dried material within confirmed regions of malignancy. Enzymes frequently monitored to examine glycolytic, respiratory, and metastatic capacity were microanalyzed successfully: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), acid phosphatase (AP), aldolase (ALD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GOPDH), hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase (PRK). All enzyme activities were higher in infiltrating ductal carcinomas than in fibroadenomas. Extracts of tumor cells mixed in varying proportions with brain or muscle extracts of rat evidenced no modification of expected activity. The technical adaptation described provided a sensitive methodology to resolve problems of relication, profile analysis, sample quantity, and selectivity within heterogeneous tissues.
Cancer 1978 May
PMID:Application of a microchemical technique to the elucidation of enzyme activity profiles within single human mammary tumors. 20 41


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