Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the frequency of rearrangements of the ret and trk proto-oncogenes in Japanese thyroid tumors. DNAs from 38 thyroid papillary carcinomas and 14 follicular adenomas were analyzed by Southern blotting. Rearrangements of the ret and trk proto-oncogenes were detected in one and two papillary carcinomas, respectively, but not in follicular adenomas. Analysis by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method showed that the ret rearrangement-positive tumor contained the PTC/retTPC chimeric transcript, which was reported to be found specifically in thyroid tumors and adenomatous goiter. We also found that rearranged mRNA of the trk proto-oncogene was expressed at high levels in one of two trk rearrangement-positive tumors. Our results indicated that the frequency of rearrangements of these proto-oncogenes in Japanese papillary carcinomas was much lower than that in Italian patients.
Jpn J Cancer Res 1992 Jul
PMID:Low frequency of rearrangements of the ret and trk proto-oncogenes in Japanese thyroid papillary carcinomas. 138 40

We have recently reported the activation of a new oncogene in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. This oncogene, named PTC, is a novel rearranged version of the ret proto-oncogene. In fact PTC is the product of the fusion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the ret proto-oncogene with the 5'-terminal region of another gene that we have named H4. The ret proto-oncogene shows a pattern of expression restricted to neuroendocrine tissue. Its fusion with H4 allows the expression of the activated form in thyroid papillary carcinomas. Therefore the detection of ret transcripts is a tool to investigate ret activation in thyroid neoplasms. Here we show the detection by in situ hybridisation, of activated ret transcripts in human thyroid papillary neoplasms that were positive for PTC activation by Southern blot analysis. We did not find any ret transcripts in papillary carcinomas negative for PTC activation, nor in normal thyroid and in non-papillary thyroid neoplasias.
Br J Cancer 1992 Dec
PMID:Detection of RET oncogene activation in human papillary thyroid carcinomas by in situ hybridisation. 145 50

The incidence of periampullary cancer has been steadily risen in Korea. In the present study, we have reviewed 766 cases of surgically treated periampullary cancers, including 122 cases of our own, that were published in the Korean literatures in last ten years. The 6th decade was the most common age group, occupying 37.9% of the patients. Male to female, ratio was 1.7 to 1. C-T scan was the principal modality available for diagnosis and preoperative staging, and recorded 84% of diagnostic accuracy. The accuracy rate of PTC was 72%, ERCP of 68%, and USG of 51%, in order of frequency. For the screening of pancreatic cancer, diagnostic serologic test using serum markers such as CA 19-9, CEA, CA 125, and various combinations were studied. The combinations of these markers recorded higher positivity. Overall resectability was 36.2%. Preoperative C-T scan with antigraphy correlated with better discrimination of the resectable lesion preoperatively than C-T scan alone was performed (63% VS 46%). The morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy were 46% and 13.2%, and 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates after the resection were 68, 25, and 15%, respectively. In non-resected group, none survived at 18 months after treatment. To improve resectability; early detection, precise preoperative staging, and improved surgical approach are imperative. Future studies will be necessary to find a better multimodality therapy.
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PMID:Present status of periampullary cancer treatment in Korea. 151 30

We have investigated the PTC/retTPC oncogene, an activated form of ret proto-oncogene with a specific rearrangement, in thyroid malignancies. Southern analysis was used to screen 36 thyroid papillary carcinomas (PC), 22 normal thyroid tissues from glands with PC elsewhere, three follicular carcinomas, eight follicular adenomas and 30 other non-malignant thyroids. Rearrangements were detected in four PCs (11%) using probes derived from the ret proto-oncogene. Genomic breakpoints from a PC and a PC cell line (TPC-1) were cloned and sequenced. The rearrangement points of ret proto-oncogene were found in the intron between the exon for the transmembrane domain and the first exon for the tyrosine kinase domain. Furthermore, the PTC/retTPC chimeric transcripts were detected in two PCs with the rearrangement by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Distant metastases were present in 50% (2/4) of PCs with the rearrangement, but in only two out of 32 PCs without a detectable rearrangement (P = 0.05, Fisher exact test). Our study suggests that the rearrangement of the ret proto-oncogene may be involved in the development of distant metastases in patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas. However, a larger clinical study will be required to verify this observation.
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PMID:Detection of the PTC/retTPC oncogene in human thyroid cancers. 162 May 47

We have recently reported the identification of a new oncogene, named PTC, frequently activated in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. This gene is a novel rearranged form of the ret proto-oncogene and we have shown that this rearrangement occurred in vivo as a tumor-specific somatic event. In an effort to further examine the role of this oncogene in human malignancies, we have investigated the expression of the ret oncogene in a number of human tumors. We consistently detected expression of normal-sized transcripts of the ret proto-oncogene in human pheochromocytomas and in human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), both of familial and sporadic type. Moreover, we showed that ret mRNA levels were increased following (Bu)2cAMP-induced differentiation of a human MTC cell line (TT). Since the ret gene has been mapped on chromosome 10, close to the gene which predisposes patients to the MEN2A syndrome, we suggest that this region of chromosome 10 might be involved in the proliferative and differentiative patterns of these neuroectodermal tissues.
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PMID:The ret proto-oncogene is consistently expressed in human pheochromocytomas and thyroid medullary carcinomas. 170 Dec 32

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was evaluated in the detection of anomalous connection of the pancreatobiliary duct (ACPBD), which is known to cause cholangitis and has been found to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Fourteen patients with ACPBD were examined preoperatively by EUS in addition to ERCP and/or PTC. In all cases, the anomalous connections between the biliary and pancreatic duct were demonstrated to be located outside the proper muscle of the duodenal wall and within the pancreatic parenchyma. EUS classification of ACPBD corresponded well with the findings obtained by retrograde ductal opacification on ERCP and PTC. Biliary malignancy complicating ACPBD was detected correctly by EUS in two patients. In contrast, no connections between biliary and pancreatic ducts were found by EUS in 13 normal controls. It is concluded that EUS is highly sensitive in detecting ductal anomaly in ACPBD. Further studies will show if EUS can replace ERCP in the diagnosis of ACPBD.
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PMID:Value of endoscopic ultrasonography in the detection of anomalous connections of the pancreatobiliary duct. 186 Apr 42

The most common initial symptom was abdominal pain. Other frequent debut symptoms were loss of weight and jaundice. ERCP and PTC were found to be the best diagnostic procedures. CT or ultrasonography were normal in 10-20% of the patients. Nearly all tumors of the pancreas were found by the ERCP procedure. We also used angiography to evaluate operability of the pancreas tumor. Angiography was found to be a very uncertain diagnostic procedure, however, and we have now decided not to use angiography in the future evaluation of patients with cancer of the pancreas.
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PMID:[Study and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. 227 56

In this report we assigned to chromosome 10q the human oncogene PTC frequently associated with the papillary type of thyroid carcinoma. Using an informative panel of human-mouse somatic cell hybrids and 'in situ' hybridization to human metaphase chromosomes, we localized the PTC gene at bands q11-q12 of chromosome 10. These bands belong to one of the two regions on chromosome 10 linked to the cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Therefore, it is suggested that genes clustered in certain regions of chromosome 10 could be involved in the developmental regulation of the thyroid gland.
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PMID:The oncogene associated with human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is assigned to chromosome 10 q11-q12 in the same region as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). 256 46

The papillomatosis of the bile duct may occur at any age but more often at the age of 40 and 50 with a slight preference for men. The main symptom is an icterus often combined with right-sided epigastric pain. ERC and PTC allows the preoperative diagnosis on the basis of the typical clinical picture. The papillomatosis of the bile duct has to be considered as a disease with cancer risk. The prognosis in case of incomplete removal is unfavorable because of the continuous growth, the intrahepatic spread and the elevated degenerative tendency. Therefore a complete removal should be considered.
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PMID:[Progressive papillomatosis of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts]. 270 94

Cancers of the extrahepatic biliary tract are rare, but they pose great problems from diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. Surgical resection offers the only prospect of cure for patients with this type of cancer. The resectability rates vary from 50% for tumours in the lower common bile duct to only 10% for tumours in the upper third. For the first group of patients there is a 5-year survival rate of 20-30% in several reports and for the other 10-15%. The operative mortality is acceptable low. For tumours in the liver hilum a liver resection is recommended. Most patients can only be helped by a by-pass procedure. The operative by-pass procedure carries a significant morbidity and mortality and most patients should be drained by PTC or preferably endoscopically. The effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have so far been insignificant. The combined use of intraarterial chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy seems to offer some advantage and this treatment modality must undergo further trials.
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PMID:Biliary tract cancer--treatment options. 271 2


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