Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

232 patients attending a breast clinic with breast pain as the primary presenting symptom were studied prospectively to define clinical syndromes and to attempt to elucidate aetiological factors. Those women in whom mastalgia was a minor aspect of their complaint, or who were primarily seeking reassurance that they did not have cancer, were excluded. Most mastalgia patients could be placed into well-defined subgroups on the basis of clinical, radiological, and pathological features. After excluding causes of pain arising outside the breast, six specific groups with widely differing aetiological bases were defined, leaving only 7% unclassified lithout known aetiology. The six defined groups were cyclical pronounced mastalgia, (believed to be hormonally based), duct ectasia. Tietze syndrome, trauma, sclerosing adenosis, and cancer. Psychological factors were found to be less important than has been previously suggested. Classification of patients with mastalgia into homogeneous subgroups is a prerequisite of any therapeutic study.
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PMID:Clinical syndromes of mastalgia. 6 May 28

This work reports the clinical results which were obtained after treating 260 women who had pathological conditions of the breasts using a combination of a progestogen which was given by a generalised route (orally or by injection) and progesterone which was applied locally so that its effect would be percutaneous on the breasts. These results were evaluated according to the effectiveness of the treatment according to the different symptoms or groups of clinical symptoms and radiological findings which had been noted at the time of the first examination. A better therapeutic effect was found in cases of early lesions where oedema was the dominant factor (mastodynia) and glandular hyperplasia (diffuse polyadenomatosis). On the other hand, longstanding lesions (sclerocystic mastopathia) where sclerosis was marked showed a much more variable result of treatment with progestogens. Therefore its seems that benign conditions of the breasts should be treated early and particularly in the stage of mastodynia if development into irreversible sclerotic conditions is to be avoided. It also has to be carried on for a long time, especially if there are other risk factors for cancer which are associated with conditions in the breast. The prophylactic role of this treatment in regard to cancer of the breast is discussed.
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PMID:[The treatment of benign pathological conditions of the breasts with progesterone and progestogens. The results according to the type of breast condition (260 case records) (author's transl)]. 68 1

Mastalgia commonly presents to medical practitioners. The majority of patients can be managed by exclusion of cancer and reassurance. In some the severity of pain affects the quality of life and drug treatment should be considered. Since its inception 324 patients with cyclical mastalgia and 90 with non-cyclical mastalgia have received a therapeutic trial of drug treatment in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic. Overall 92% of those with cyclical mastalgia and 64% with non-cyclical mastalgia obtained a clinically useful response to therapy. Danazol was the most effective drug, with bromocriptine and evening primrose oil having equivalent efficacy. Many fewer adverse events were complained of by patients treated with evening primrose oil than danazol or bromocriptine.
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PMID:Drug treatments for mastalgia: 17 years experience in the Cardiff Mastalgia Clinic. 154 47

Mastalgia has been classified as an aberration of the normal, rather than a disease. We present an age-matched, case-control study which compares the reproductive factors of patients with severe cyclical and noncyclical mastalgia with control groups of women who presented to a breast clinic but in whom no clinical abnormality was found and who did not later develop breast disease. There were few statistically significant differences in reproductive factors between the cases and controls, which lends some support to the concept that mastalgia can be considered to be an aberration of the normal.
Cancer Detect Prev 1992
PMID:Reproductive factors associated with mastalgia. 155 Nov 36

Data on 210 nonmenopaused women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45 at the Institut Curie in Paris, France were compared with 210 matched controls living in Paris to determine whether cyclical mastalgia could be a marker of estrogen susceptibility in relation to breast cancer. Women were more likely to develop breast cancer than controls if they had a family history of breast cancer (26% vs. 11%; adjusted relative risk [RRa] = 2.89, personal history of being breast diseases (24% vs. 6%; RRa = 5.55 [RRa for fibrocystic disease = 9.11]), oral contraceptive (OC) use )30% vs. 20% for 72 months; RRa = 2.8; p .01 for trend), and cyclical mastalgia (46% vs. 23%; RRa = 2.12). The risk of developing breast cancer increased steadily with duration of cyclical mastalgia (RRa = 1.12 for 6-48 months, 2.24 for 49-96 months, and 5.54 for 97 months; p .001 for trend). OC use for more than 48 months before the first full-term pregnancy posed a significantly higher risk than never use of OCs (RRa = 3.26; p .05 for trend). OCs' effect on breast cancer risk was still significant, but not as large, after the first full-term pregnancy (RRa = 2.02; p .05). Since cyclical mastalgia is sensitive to estrogen and a marker of breast susceptibility to estrogen, these results indicated that it could be used, along with other predictors, as a predictor of breast cancer. Prospective studies are needed to validate its significance.
Br J Cancer 1992 Jun
PMID:Cyclical mastalgia as a marker of breast cancer susceptibility: results of a case-control study among French women. 161 69

Mastalgia (breast pain) is the commonest breast problem women present with in general practice. Mastalgia can be apparent, when due to referred pain or costochondritis, for instance; or real, when it can be localised or diffused. Diffused pain can be cyclical or non cyclical. An important association of cyclical mastalgia is benign mammary dysplasia (fibroadenosis). It is important to exclude malignancy and to reassure patients.
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PMID:Mastalgia. 186 98

Cancer chemoprevention with beta-carotene (BC), canthaxanthin (CX) and retinol-BC is reported with respect to skin, breast, gastric, colon carcinogeneses induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP) with or without ultra violet radiation (UV-A, UV-B), dimethylbenzathracene (DMBA) +/- UVB, P-UVA, N-methyl-N'-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and with respect to transplanted tumours. When animals were loaded with carotenoid supplementation one month before the carcinogenic induction (continued throughout the experiment), cancer prevention was observed up to 60-100%. The absence of provitamin A-activity in CX shows the carotenoid antioxidant property. Fifteen patients given BC + CX to prevent recurrences after radical removal of the primary neoplasia in organs like lung, breast, colon, urinary bladder, head and neck were studied in 1980-89. A longer than expected disease-free interval was preliminarily found. Supplementation of BC +/- retinol was also reported to prevent and treat oral leucoplakia. Supplementation and intermittent retinol administration was also tested in benign cyclical mastalgia with clear cut side effect free therapeutic results.
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PMID:Cancer chemoprevention by supplemental carotenoids and synergism with retinol in mastodynia treatment. 212 40

376 Nigerian women who presented with histologically proved breast tumour (256 benign and 120 malignant) were admitted to a study of mastalgia and breast tumour. A total of 67 patients, consisting of 57 (22.3%) of 256 benign disease patients and 10 (8.3%) of 120 malignant disease patient had pain, compared to 199 (77.7%) benign and 110 (91.7%) malignant disease patients who had no pain. Mastalgia was more often associated with benign tumour (57 out of 67 or 85%) than malignant neoplasm (15%). Adenosis was the leading cause of mastalgia (15 of 26 patients). Surgical extirpation of breast tumour achieved total pain relief in 85% of the patients, but adenosis patients were least likely to achieve total pain relief.
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PMID:Mastalgia and breast tumour in Nigerian women. 227 23

Nipple aspiration yielded measurable amounts of breast duct fluid for 27 of 42 (64%) healthy premenopausal Finnish women, 93 of 218 (43%) premenopausal American patients with fibrocystic disease, but only 24 of 92 (26%) healthy American premenopausal controls. When aspiration was successful, the average volumes obtained were larger for the normal Finnish women and, particularly, for the American fibrocystic disease patients compared with the American controls. The difference in secretion between the healthy Finnish and American women appeared to be related to a history of breast feeding, and its duration. While serum estrogen and prolactin concentrations were similar in the three groups, prolactin levels in breast fluids from the Finnish women were frequently higher than those in the American controls. A similar trend, which did not reach statistical significance, was observed in the 43 of 93 (46%) secretors with fibrocystic disease and cyclical mastalgia.
Cancer 1986 Apr 15
PMID:Serum and breast duct fluid prolactin and estrogen levels in healthy Finnish and American women and patients with fibrocystic disease. 241 44

The literature regarding sclerosing adenosis has been reviewed. The pathological and radiological aspects of this benign breast condition have been emphasized since they influence clinical practice. Features of 43 patients diagnosed as having sclerosing adenosis have been reported. Cancer was suspected on mammography in 17, and 25 experienced breast pain. Thus, the lesion is important both as a mimic of malignancy and as a cause of mastalgia. The clinical and radiological features allow the condition to be suspected before biopsy, in which circumstance paraffin histology is greatly preferable to frozen section.
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PMID:Sclerosing adenosis. 262 82


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