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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutritional therapy of the cancer patient by the oral route includes management of factors that may cause anorexia, attempts to modify the patient's eating behavior, and the offering of nutritional supplements to the patient. Anoretic factors for which specific strategies may be employed include taste abnormalities, pain, nausea, and depression. Modification of the patient's eating behavior involves patient education, monitoring, and feedback. Education includes nutritional instruction and instruction in favorable patterns for mealtime eating and stimulation of snack eating. Snack eating includes the use of nutritional supplements, and patient acceptance of commercially available supplements was studied. When synthetic chemically defined nutritional products were compared with milk-based product, patients preferred the milk-based product. Intercomparisons between milk-based products showed slight differences in preference ranking among these products and also differences between patients and controls in their relative order of ranking. Preference testing may be useful in assisting the health care team in selecting the optimal nutritional supplement to offer each patient.
Cancer Res 1977 Jul
PMID:Oral feeding in the nutritional management of the cancer patient. 26 17

Anorexia and weight loss are frequently the first manifestations of cancer. Although psychological reasons are frequently included as a partial explanation for loss of appetite and weight in the cancer patient, there have been no systematic studies which establish the nature of this relationship. It is proposed that anorexia and cachexia are at times somatic consequences of the cancer patient's beliefs and attitudes about their disease and its treatments. The inability to overcome a sense of hopelessness leads to an adaptive biological reaction called conservation-withdrawal. The effects of the reaction of disengagement and inactivity in relation to the external world which includes external nutriment may be constructive or destructive depending on when it is experienced and the length of time the reaction continues. How this reaction is initiated and mediated biologically and how it may be related to and can be reversed by a shift in motivation are questions of great importance.
Cancer 1979 May
PMID:Psychological aspects of anorexia: areas for study. 28 34

The cause of anorexia associated with neoplasia is unknown, and some investigators have suggested a central mechanism. Recent neurophysiologic studies have revealed the possible role of serotoninergic system involving tryptophan (TRP) and its indole neurotransmitter metabolites in regulating particular aspects of feeding behavior. We therefore studied plasma and brain factors affecting TRP transport through the blood-brain barrier (plasma free and total TRP, albumin, nonesterified fatty acids, plasma neutral amino acids, brain uptake index [BUI] for TRP) and central serotonin metabolism (5-HT, 5-HIAA) in young, anorexic rats bearing the Walker-256 tumor injected intramuscularly. Plasma free TRP, but not plasma total TRP, and, more important, brain TRP and brain 5-HIAA were significantly higher in tumor-bearing rats than in pair-fed control animals. The results suggest an association between altered brain TRP metabolism and feeding behavior in tumor-related anorexia.
Cancer 1979 Sep
PMID:Brain tryptophan and the neoplastic anorexia-cachexia syndrome. 28 32

Vincristine-high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor (VCR-MTX-CF) was administered preoperatively at weekly intervals to eight patients, four with primary tumors and four with pulmonary metastases. These patients had not received prior VCR-MTX-CF treatment. A similar treatment program was administered to five patients with pulmonary metastases who had received prior VCR-MTX-CF. Among the eight patients who had not received prior VCR-MTX-CF, complete responses were obtained in three with primary tumors (this was followed by surgical excision) and two with pulmonary metastases. Partial responses occurred in two additional patients. Partial responses were also obtained in two patients who had received VCR-MTX-CF. Chemotherapy and surgery in one patient with an extremity lesion resulted in preservation of the limb and useful function. The major toxicity was anorexia and weight loss. Other side effects included stomatitis, myelosuppression, hepatitis and transient renal impairment. The weekly program was highly effective when compared to responses obtained with the tri-weekly schedule utilized in previous studies.
Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Weekly high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor in osteogenic sarcoma: pre-surgical treatment of primary tumor and of overt pulmonary metastases. 29 28

During the period from 1961 to 1976 884 patients with cancer of the stomach were registered and treated at surgical Clinic in Zagreb. From those cases 607 (68,66%) were men and 277 (31,34%) women. The age of patients varied from 50 to 70 years. More of them were pensoners and farmers. From those patients 196 (22,17%) were smokers and 176 (19,9%) alcoholics. All of them had usual symptoms of cancers of the stomach, mainly combined with loss in weight, loss of appetite and gastrointestinal bleeding. Average duration of symptoms before coming to the Clinic was six months. Preoperatively 88 (9,9%) were inoperable. By explorative laparotomy 175 (17,5%) inoperable cases were found. At 261 (29,5%) palliative operations were done. 63 (7,1%) patients refused to be operated. Using different methods 297 (35,5%) patients were radical operated. The most frequent were adenocarcinoma and after them gastric ulcers which became malignant. The most frequent causes of death were peritonitis and pneumonia. 7,3% of radically operated patients survived 5 years.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of the stomach]. 30 95

In a continuing study of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, six adult patients were encountered with a distinctive malignant lymphoma of peripheral T-lymphocyte origin. Cell suspensions from lymph nodes of these patients contained a pleomorphic, cytologically atypical population of lymphocytes, of which an average 58% marked as T cells in the E-rosette test. The average percent of surface immunoglobulin-bearing B cells in these suspensions was 6%; they were of polyclonal distribution. Lymph node biopsies revealed a malignant lymphoma with certain characteristic features of the organization of the infiltrate, the morphology of the lymphoid cells, and the nature of non-lymphoid cellular elements. The average age of the patients was 67 years; they presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and significant loss of weight. Four patients hd lung and/or pleural involvement by lymphoma at presentation. The immunologic, pathologic, and clinical features of these patients serve to characterize this recently recognized malignant lymphoma further.
Cancer 1977 Oct
PMID:Malignant lymphoma of peripheral T-lymphocyte origin: immunologic, pathologic, and clinical features in six patients. 30 34

The results obtained with a new hormone therapy using medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in previously untested single and total doses in the treatment of advanced breast cancer are reported. Fifty-two postmenopausal patients were treated with an average total dose of 40 g of MAP for a period of 30 days. Nineteen of 44 patients (43%) had complete or partial remission, while the disease remained unchanged in nine of 44 patients (20%). Disease progression occurred in 12 of 44 patients (27%). Partial or complete remission occurred in 12 of 18 (67%) and four of six (67%) of the patients with dominant osseous and soft tissue metastases respectively. Three of ten (16%) of those with visceral metastases had remission. The average duration of remission was 7 months. Average survival times were 15.5 months for patients with remission, 8 months for those with no change, and 2.5 months for those with disease progression. From a subjective standpoint, pain was reduced significantly or disappeared in 34 of 36 patients (94%); this was also the case with respect to dyspnea (13 of 16 patients [81%]), anorexia (24 of 29 [83%]), asthenia (28 of 35 [80%]), and walking impairment (15 of 24 [63%]). When relapse occurred, patients previously treated with massive doses of MAP received further treatment with higher doses of MAP; four of 22 (18%) of the patients attained partial remission once again. Positive effects were also seen in subjective performance status, body weight, and EKG. We also describe the new clinical and toxicologic features of this treatment.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Apr
PMID:A possible new approach to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: massive doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate. 35 Mar 87

Sixteen patients with disseminated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and 26 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were given rubidazone. Only one partial remission was observed in a previously untreated patient who had local recurrence of a rectal adenocarcinoma. The main toxic effects observed in previously treated patients consisted of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Also observed were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, alopecia, fever, and chills. Cardiotoxicity was observed in one patient after a total dose of 720 mg/m2 of rubidazone. It is concluded that rubidazone is a relatively inactive compound in the management of these two diseases.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Oct
PMID:Clinical trial of rubidazone in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and adenocarcinoma of the large intestine. 36 Dec 29

Recent studies suggest the importance of alterations in taste sensation as a determinant of anorexia in cancer patients. These studies collectively support the conclusions that the likelihood of developing abnormalities in taste increases with increasing body burden of tumour, that taste abnormality is reversible on response of the underlying tumour to therapy, and that the abnormalities in taste can be correlated with decreased intake of energy. It is suggested that these studies, and studies currently in progress, may aid our understanding of food choices in cancer patients and may guide the use of food supplements to assist the cancer patient in maintaining adequate energy intake.
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PMID:Changes in taste sensation and feeding behaviour in cancer patients: a review. 36 20

We carried out a phase-II-study in patients with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, in order to test the effectiveness of the combination of VP-16/213 and ME-CCNU. We studied 15 patients (3 carcinomas of the stomach, 12 colon carcinomas) in a mostly advanced state of illness (disseminated, n = 13). One patient with gastric cancer attained a partial remission with a duration of remission of 9.1 months and a survival time of 14.1 months; the other two patients with cancer of the stomach were non-responders. 1 of 12 patients with colon carcinoma showed a partial remission (PR) (= 8.3%, or 12.5% in untreated patients n = 8), 7 patients showed no change (NC = 58.3%) and 4 patients had progressive disease (PD). The median duration of remission was 4.9 months, the median survival time 7.9 months. With reference to the success of therapy the median survival time was 10.5 months for patients with partial remission and no remission compared with 4.7 months for patients with progression. Toxicity consisted of nausea and vomiting (n = 11), loss of appetite (n = 10), granulocytopenia (n = 9), thrombocytopenia (n = 8) and hairloss (n = 8). The results achieved are comparable to those of monotherapy with the nitrosoureas.
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PMID:[Clinical and therapeutic study (phase II) using VP-16/213 and methyl-CCNU in patients with inoperable, recurring or metastasizing carcinomas of the gastriointestinal tract]. 36 88


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