Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prognosis for patients with AML is improving, but mortality due to bleeding and infection remains significant. HLA compatibility has been the cornerstone of matching for prophylactic platelet transfusion; while HLA matched platelets are often of benefit, we have observed that HLA matching does not reliably predict transfusion responses. The platelet migration inhibition assay is, however, consistently predictive. The matching problem may be circumvented by the use of frozen autologous platelets, which circulate and function hemostatically. In the granulocytopenic patient with de novo fever (frequently due to bacterial sepsis), the immediate empiric use of broad spectrum antibiotics is mandatory. If the marrow begins to recover from chemotherapy shortly after the onset of infection, such that the peripheral granulocyte count will approach normal within 10 days, the likelihood of survival from an episode of septicemia after antibiosis now approaches 80%. If the marrow does not recover shortly, however, the likelihood of survival with antibiosis alone is poor. In this setting, survival is improved if patients are given granulocyte transfusions in addition to antibiotics. Patients who receive chemotherapy in a laminar air-flow room (LAFR) experience fewer severe infections than do patients in a conventional ward. However, most patients who are unresponsive to initial chemotherapy remain so in spite of protection from infection. Thus, the available results do not suggest that the LAFR is likely to improve appreciably the rate or duration of remission. Using malignant lymphoma as a model, we have found that cryopreserved autologous marrow infusions can hasten hematopoietic recovery in man after high-dose chemotherapy, and earlier reconstitution may be of clinical benefit to the patient; techniques are at hand that might permit the application of this concept to AML.
Cancer 1978 Aug
PMID:Recent developments in the supportive therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. 2 27

Marrow transplantation enables the physician to ignore the complications of marrow toxicity which limit the chemotherapy of leukemia and makes it possible to explore new drugs and regimens. The results of marrow transplantation for 154 cases of end-stage acute leukemia carried out by the Seattle Marrow Transplant Team are summarized. Even with the use of an HLA matched sibling as a donor, allogeneic marrow transplantation is followed by graft-versus-host disease in about 2/3 of the patients which is of life-threatening severity in approximately 20%. An actuarial plot of the recurrence rate of leukemia following transplantation shows that about 2/3 of the recipients of either allogeneic or syngeneic (identical twin) marrow will relapse within 2 years. However, about 1/3 will not relapse and recurrence of leukemia has not been observed after 2 years. A Kaplan-Meier plot of the survival of 29 syngeneic marrow recipients and 110 recipients of allogeneic marrow shows an almost flat survival curve in the period f om 2 to 7 years after transplantation. The leukemia free survival of these patients on no maintenance chemotherapy constitutes an operational definition of cure in these patients.
Cancer 1978 Aug
PMID:Marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. 2 28

A cell line, designated as OUR-10, has been established from a renal carcinoma in a Japanese woman. This cell line forms monolayers of polygonal epithelial cells with scattered round or dendritic cells and exhibits multilayering. With electron microscopy, differentiated surface structures that resemble the microvilli characteristic of renal carcinomas can be seen even at the 60th transfer. The cells have a hypodiploid karyotype with modal numbers of 39 and 40. No marker chromosomes were seen, but definite nonrandom loss of three chromosomes in Group D and one in Group E were recognized. The doubling time was estimated as approximately 32 hr in exponentially growing cultures, and the cells formed colonies in soft agar with an average efficiency of 25%. Heterotransplantation into the cheek pouch of immunosuppressed hamsters produced tumors that were histologically similar to the original cancerous tissue. The electrophoretic mobility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase extracted from the cells coincided with that of a novel isozyme found in human renal carcinoma tissue, and the genetic phenotype of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was proved to be the B phenotype. The antigenic structure of HLA was determined as HLA-A2, 11; B5, 40, which was the same as that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the woman with renal carcinoma.
Cancer Res 1979 Nov
PMID:Characterization of an established cell line from human renal carcinoma. 4 Jun 93

The majority of human lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia cells express a polymorphic antigen that is found on peripheral blood B-lymphocytes and cultured lymphoblastoid B-cell lines. These B-lymphocyte antigens were detected by 34 human alloantisera that were repeatedly absorbed with pooled platelets to remove all activity against HLA antigens and T-lymphocytes. Absorption studies indicated that a common antigen was present on both B-lymphocytes and positive leukemia cells. Leukemia cells could be subdivided into two groups based on the presence of the B-lymphocyte antigen. Fourteen of 18 acute myelocytic leukemia cells, 10 of 13 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, 4 of 6 chronic myelocytic leukemia cells, and 2 of 2 chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were positive. This group of leukemia cells also reacted with rabbit anti-B-cell sera raised to papain digests of spleen cell membranes. F(ab')2 fragments of the rabbit antsera were shown to specifically block the reactions of the human antisera against B-cells and leukemia cells. These results suggested that the rabbit and human anti-B-cell sera were reacting with identical molecules. This conclusion was supported by immunoprecipitation data.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Feb
PMID:Human B-lymphocyte antigens expressed by lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia cells. II. Detection by human anti-B-cell alloantisera. 6 14

Leukemia cells from 13 of 27 patients stimulated lymphocytes of their HLA-identical siblings in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). Stimulation correlated with high background uptake of tritiated thymidine and high percentages of cells that stained with fluorescein-conjugated polyvalent goat antiserum against human immunoglobulin. Results were similar to those reported with fractionated autologous lymphocyte subpopulations in normal individuals. Investigation of leukemia-specific stimulation in MLC is therefore problematic.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Jul
PMID:Relationship between leukemia antigens and stimulation in mixed leukocyte culture. 6 37

The expression of HLA antigens and beta2-microglobulin (beta2-mu) on cultured melanoma cells originated from 11 patients has been quantitated and compared with that on fibroblasts and cultured human lymphoid cells originated from the same patients. No qualitative or quantitative difference was detected with the exception of one melanoma line. HLA antigens were also quantitated in sera from melanoma patients: two sera reacted with anti-HLA-B7 antibodies although this specificity was not expressed on lymphocytes from whom the sera were obtained. A technique to quantitate HLA antigens on cells developed in the course of this study is described.
Cancer 1977 Jul
PMID:Expression of histocompatibility (HLA) antigens on tumor cells and normal cells from patients with melanoma. 6 83

Sections were taken from the center, midzone, and margin of four human osteogenic sarcomas and one fibrosarcoma. Single-cell suspensions of tumors were examined in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with autologous or homologous anti-osteogenic sarcoma antisera as the intermediate reactant and fluorescein-labeled anti-human IgG as the final reactant. Cells were stained under conditions in which the fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the density of the tumor-associated antigen on these cells. The density of tumor-associated antigen on cells from the center of the five tumor masses was low; cells from the midzone had intermediate levels of tumor antigen density, and cells at the margin had the highest levels. Similar preparations stained with polyspecific anti-HLA antisera did not demonstrate such a gradient. Since osteogenic sarcomas grow outward from the center, with the outer margin populated by the youngest cells, these results suggest that the oldest cells in the tumor bear the least tumor antigen, and the youngest tumor cells have the most. This is not compatible with theories which postulate that the immune system modulates the growth of a tumor so that only the least antigenic cells are allowed to grow. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.
Cancer Res 1977 Sep
PMID:Antigenic differences among osteogenic sarcoma tumor cells taken from different locations in human tumors. 6 91

A human serum (obtained from a multiparous and multiple-transfused patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia) and a rabbit antiserum (obtained by immunization with papain extracts from a B-lymphoblastoid cell line) showed reactivity against antigenic specificities (different from HLA) expressed on peripheral blood B-lymphocytes, unmarked lymphocytes, and monocytes. These antigenic determinants were expressed on myeloblasts and lymphoblasts from patients with acute leukemia (during the active phase of their disease) and on B-lymphoblastoid cell lines and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Purified peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, mitogen (phytohemagglutinin)-activated T-lymphocytes, and lymphoblasts (with T-cell characteristics) obtained from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or established lymphoblastoid cell lines lacked these antigenic specificities. Absorption experiments indicate that the antigen(s) detected on normal mononuclear cell populations, leukemia cells, and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were either identical or highly cross-reactive.
Cancer Res 1977 Oct
PMID:Recognition by human and rabbit sera of common antigens to leukemia blast cells, peripheral blood B-lymphocytes, and monocytes. 7 Nov 97

The surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor (HGBT) cells were studied by complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody assays and indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Eight permanent, well-characterized cell lines derived from human gliomas were used for analysis with antisera raised by hyperimmunization of nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis) with glioblastoma multiforme tissue or established HGBT cells lines. Exhaustive absorption of these antisera to remove predominantly antispecies activity rendered HLA nonreactive "preabsorbed" antisera, which reacted with a large panel of gliomatous and nongliomatous human tumor cells; 1 carcinoma, 2 sarcomas, 2 melanomas, 1 neuroblastoma, and 8 HGBT cell lines. Four lymphoblastoid lines and 2 carcinomas were unreactive. After further absorption with a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, the antisera demonstrated significant levels of reactivity for 8 tested HGBT cell lines and no longer reacted with the nongliomatous cultured tumor cells lines. Therefore, extensive absorption of nonhuman primate anti-human glioma sera removed all activity for the nongliomatous cell lines tested, but it left significant reactivity against a glial tumor cell line-associated antigen(s) present on all 8 human glioma cell lines tested.
Cancer Res 1977 Dec
PMID:Surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor cells. 7 98

Melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) were isolated and their functional immunologic properties were evaluated. Spent fetal calf serum-free culture media and 3-m KCI extracts of cultured human melanoma cells grown in this medium were used as antigen sources. Ultracentrifugal flotation on KBr was used to separate MAA and HLA antigens present in the extracts or spent culture media; thus interference by histocompatibility antigens was prevented in subsequent tests of tumor antigenic activity. MAA purified in this manner retained their immunologic functions as evidenced by their ability to produce delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with melanoma, specifically combine with antimelanoma xenoantibody, and elicit production of functionally specific xenoantibody. Possible structural differences between HLA antigens and MAA were considered in evaluation of the data.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1978 Apr
PMID:Purification and immunologic evaluation of human melnoma-associated antigens. 7 78


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>