Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

42 dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were randomized for treatment with either PEG-L-asparaginase 10 IU/kg intramuscularly (n = 22) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg intraperitoneally (n = 20). Another 20 dogs were treated with either PEG-L-asparaginase 30 IU/kg (n = 10) or L-asparaginase 400 IU/kg (n = 10). Each treatment protocol consisted of two asparaginase treatments followed by a 10-week period of induction chemotherapy and then maintenance on asparaginase until progression occurred. No significant differences were found between treatments in the response rates after 2 weeks of asparaginase therapy or in the time to relapse, the time to treatment failure or the remission period. The reaction to asparaginase after the initial 2 weeks was a prognostic factor for the total duration of remission under asparaginase maintenance therapy. No side-effects were noted in the dogs treated with PEG-L-asparaginase, whereas 14 (48%) of the L-asparaginase treated dogs had side-effects related to this drug, including anaphylactic shock (9), anorexia or vomiting (4), hypersensitivity-related oedema (3), seizures (1) and acute pancreatitis (1). No abnormalities in clotting times, fibrinogen levels or antithrombin-III levels were found in any of the 62 dogs. PEG-L-asparaginase has the same anti-tumour activity as native L-asparaginase in dogs with NHL, but lacks side-effects.
Eur J Cancer 1990
PMID:Polyethylene glycol-L-asparaginase versus native L-asparaginase in canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 214 33

The F(ab')2 fragment of murine monoclonal antibody A7 was covalently bonded to polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight: 5000) and the conjugate was compared to the parent F(ab')2 fragment by in vitro and in vivo studies. PEG-conjugated antibody fragment retained its antigen-binding activity in a competitive radioimmunoassay. The conjugate had a longer half-life and showed increased accumulation in tumors. Although the tumor: blood ratio for parent F(ab')2 fragment was higher than that for the conjugate, it showed higher value than whole MAb A7. The tissue: blood ratios were kept low with the conjugate, indicating that the conjugate was uptaken to normal organ with lesser extent, as compared with parent F(ab')2 fragment. Our findings indicate that this PEG-conjugated F(ab')2 fragment could be a promising carrier for use in targeting cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Polyethylene glycol modification of the monoclonal antibody A7 enhances its tumor localization. 222 51

Spontaneous fusion between lymphoid and carcinoma cells in vivo has been described previously. Splenocytes from mice treated with LPS or mitogen have been reported to fuse better with myeloma cells using PEG as fusion agent than splenocytes from untreated mice. We report a phenomenon where immunization of mice with formalin treated, whole Haemophilus paragallinarum bacteria induced spontaneous fusion of splenocytes with myeloma cells in vitro, without the aid of any fusion agent. Co-immunization of mice with H. paragallinarum and an unrelated antigen (hen's egg white lysozyme), followed by co-culturing of the immune splenocytes with SP2/0 myeloma cells, yielded stable hybridoma cell lines producing anti-lysozyme antibodies. H. paragallinarum may be used in adjuvants to simplify the production of monoclonal antibodies, and the discovery of a promotional activity of a gram negative bacterium on cell fusion and hybridoma formation may shed new light on spontaneous fusion as a natural immune phenomenon in cancer.
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PMID:Spontaneous fusion between splenocytes and myeloma cells induced by bacterial immunization. 225 87

This review article summarizes our knowledge about three proteins associated to human pregnancy: placental protein 12 and 14 (PP12, PP14) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). These have in common their origin since all three seem to be produced by the pregnant endometrium (although not exclusively). Two of these proteins (PP12, PP14) have been described independently by many authors and are thus known, under many different names. For each protein their biochemical properties, their origin and regulation, their biological properties, as well as potential clinical applications, are discussed in detail. The clinical applications of PP12, PP14 and PAPP-A measurements are not only limited to uterine pathologies but also include cancer (tumour markers) and pregnancy (hydatidiform moles and extra-uterine pregnancies). This review is the first complete and comparative study of these three proteins, but many more questions are asked than solved. This is essentially due to the fact that human endometrial proteins is a rather new subject.
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PMID:[Pregnancy proteins]. 244 51

The three pregnancy proteins, PP12, PP14, and PAPP-A, reviewed here are all produced by the endometrium under the influence of progesterone. Their production is low during the secretory phase and increases dramatically after decidualization and pregnancy. PP12 and PP14 are synthesized by the epithelial cells and PAPP-A is synthesized by the stromal cells. Reflecting perhaps the relative abundance of stromal cells, PAPP-A concentrations increase progressively to term, whereas the levels of PP12 and PP14 level off and even decline after the 20th week of gestation. These proteins are also found in nonpregnant subjects in extrauterine sites: follicles, follicular fluid, luteal cells, and fallopian tubes, and in males, in seminal vesicles and seminal fluid. PP12 has been found in several forms of cancer, although not with sufficient frequency to make it a useful tumor marker. The biologic function of these proteins is still subject to speculation, but they do reflect the biosynthetic capacity of decidualized endometrium, and especially PP14 may find clinical application in the management of infertility patients.
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PMID:Three pregnancy proteins (PP12, PP14, and PAPP-A): their biological and clinical relevance. 246 25

The nutritional state of 99 patients with head and neck malignancies was assessed before, during and up to 18 weeks after radiotherapy (DXRT) using anthropometry, immunology and blood chemistry. 73 patients were fed orally during therapy, first with a normal diet and later, when the side effects of DXRT worsened, with a supplemental liquid formula diet. During the first two weeks 26 patients were treated with a PEG (percutaneous endoscopically controlled gastrostomy) and were fed mainly enterally with formula diets. The parameters of those patients fed orally during DXRT worsened rapidly and only recovered slowly and incompletely. On the contrary, in spite of their poor initial condition, the patients with PEG improved their state of nutrition, even during DXRT. Both the objective parameters of nutrition and the subjective condition of the patients were measured with the help of the "quality of life index". During DXRT the quality of life of both groups deteriorated equally. The objective parameters of nutrition showed that the patient's strength and the capacity for work remained constant. Unexpectedly, after DXRT only the orally fed patients were found to have an improved subjective condition, probably because the PEG patients were reminded of their disease by the tube, in spite of successful completion of tumor therapy. This undoubtedly impedes the return to normal family and working life. Early and consistent enteral diet with PEG helps to stabilize the state of nutrition of patients with head and neck cancer, and is recommended, especially for patients already suffering from malnutrition before starting an aggressive multimodal tumor therapy.
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PMID:[Nutrition of ENT tumor patients treated with radiotherapy. Comparison of oral and enteral nutrition using percutaneous gastrostomy]. 250 81

Measurements of rectal epithelial proliferation (REP), using tritiated labelled thymidine, correlate with colonic epithelial proliferation, risk for cancer and response to therapies. There have been criticisms regarding its reproducibility and the possible deleterious effects of bowel preparations on this biomarker. We studied paired observations on 7 patients repeated without bowel preparation, 11 repeated after tap-water enema, and 8 repeated after PEG-electrolyte solution or extract of senna purgative and found no significant differences between paired observations. In addition, in a high-risk group for colorectal cancer, 31 persons received PEG or senna preparation and their REP was not significantly different from that of 23 examined without these preparations. Thus, REP is a reproducible biomarker and not affected by several commonly used bowel preparations.
Cancer Lett 1989 Apr
PMID:Reproducibility studies and effects of bowel preparations on measurements of rectal epithelial proliferation. 271 23

Modification of recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhIL-2) with monomethoxy polyethylene glycol has been shown to alter its pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, we investigated the pharmacological parameters of schedule and dose in order to assess the impact on the in vivo antitumor activity of this modification. The antitumor efficacy, as well as the toxicity, of polyethylene glycol-interleukin 2 (PEG-IL-2) was compared to that of rhIL-2 in three transplantable syngeneic murine tumor models, Meth A fibrosarcoma, B16 melanoma, and Pan-02 pancreatic carcinoma. At equitoxic dose levels, the antitumor activity of PEG-IL-2 was far superior to that of rhIL-2 in all three tumor models. This efficacy of PEG-IL-2 was dose dependent and was greatest on a Q7D x 2 schedule in Meth A and B16. When the same total doses were further divided and delivered on any of several alternative schedules, either the efficacy was reduced or the toxicity of the treatments was increased. In Pan-02, a rhIL-2-resistant tumor, PEG-IL-2 treatment on either the Q7D x 2, Q4D x 3, or Q3D x 4 schedule resulted in approximately a 200% increase in lifespan; however, the toxicity of the treatment increased as the interval between doses was shortened. Simulations of the pharmacokinetic profiles of these various regimens suggested that the toxicity of PEG-IL-2 and rhIL-2 was related to the minimum plasma concentration that was obtained and the time interval between peak levels. The efficacy of the treatment was associated with the interleukin 2 plasma peak height, since a dose response was observed; however, peak plasma concentration did not appear to be the only parameter which determined efficacy. We hypothesize that this observed schedule dependence is also affected by the kinetics of the host's biological response to rhIL-2.
Cancer Res 1989 Dec 01
PMID:Schedule dependency of the antitumor activity and toxicity of polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin 2 in murine tumor models. 281 8

The EBV-hybridoma system will be, at present, the best method for rescuing low-frequency tumor-reactive B-cell clones in cancer patients to produce human monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor-related antigens. To improve this system, we established a nobel fusion partner, 3HL3-6J(C5), which produced hybridomas efficiently (greater than 2 x 10(-5)) after fusion with EBV-transformed B cell lines. TAPC-301 and C5TK1, anti-SRBC IgM and anti-HBs IgG producer, respectively, which provided by Prof. Y. Ono, were used as standard EBV-transformed B cell lines. Their hybridomas were good antibody producers (greater than 10 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 hrs) and their cloning was relatively easy. The fusion rate was improved further when electrofusion was carried out instead of the conventional PEG fusion. Using PBL from a hepatoma patient, human monoclonal autoantibodies reactive with some cytoskeleton structure were easily produced by means of this system.
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PMID:[A strategy for the production of human monoclonal antibodies]. 285 41

Some nonspecific components (IgG, C3c, C4,) of circulating immune complexes (IC) precipitable by 3.5% PEG were assayed by laser nephelometry in the sera of 71 patients with solid tumours, and of 39 patients with autoimmune diseases. PEG-IgG, PEG-C3c, and PEG-C4 were higher in cancer and in autoimmune diseases than in controls. In cancer patients, PEG-C4 levels and PEG-C4 positivity rate correlated well with tumour burden. PEG-C3c and PEG-IgG were present at higher levels and PEG-C4 was present at lower concentration in cancer than in autoimmune diseases. The results of the present study, performed on a large population of patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases, indicate a different composition of circulating IC in these diseases. Particularly, these data suggest a preferential involvement of the alternative pathway of complement activation in cancer, as already described by other authors. The aggregation of C3c to IC, mediated by the alternative pathway, seems to be the "key" event in the process of IC solubilization. In cancer patients' sera, the presence of "solubilized" IC could partly explain their peculiar biological behaviour as well as the disagreement observed among the different assay methods based upon the binding with complement factors.
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PMID:Immune complexes in solid tumours precipitable by 3.5% polyethylene glycol: analysis of some nonspecific components. 321 77


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