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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The unusually high relative frequency of cancer in the laryngeal region in males (18% of all histologically diagnosed cancers) and a sex ratio of unity for lung cancer in Northern Thailand were further explored in a hospital-based case-control study in Chiang Mai. This compared patients having cancers of the oral cavity (including oropharynx), larynx, hypopharynx and lung, with controls in relation to smoking and chewing habits. Statistical analysis indicated that chewing betel is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral cancer in both sexes, and with cancer of the laryngeal region in males. No factors were strongly linked to lung cancer in men, but, in women, urban residence and miang chewing were associated with lung cancer. Analysis of smoke from the two main types of cigars smoked in the region showed that both had high tar content, but there were marked differences in pH. Smoking cigars with alkaline smoke and high tar had an increased risk for laryngeal cancer in males, whereas other cigars with acid smoke and high tar together with manufactured cigarettes had increased risks for lung cancer. These increased risks were not, however, statistically significant.
Br J Cancer 1977 Jul
PMID:Cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx/larynx and lung in North Thailand: case-control study and analysis of cigar smoke. 1 28

A concurrent randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate a combination of Bleomycin and radiation as against radiation only in the treatment of advanced oral cancer has been conducted at the Cancer Institute, Madras, since 1971. All T3 and T4 previously untreated oral squamous cell carcinomas with N0, N1 and N2 regional nodes, or N3 nodes confined to the submandibular region, without systemic metastases or gross infiltration of the temporal and infratemporal fossa producing total trismus, and in decent general health were eligible for the trial. Patients with gross active pulmonary tuberculosis were excluded, as were recurrent carcinomas. Age, external fungation of growth or radiological bone invasion were no bar. Randomisation was done by the sealed envelope technique. The study group received concurrent fractionated cobalt 60 teletherapy using two opposing fields and 10-15 mg of Intra-arterial or Intravenous Bleomycin. The controls received fractionated cobalt teletherapy and i.v. or i.m. distilled water on the same protocol as the Bleomycin cases. All cases were evaluated double blind 8 weeks after the end of radiation therapy, and were classified as 'favourable response' or 'failure'. The criterion of 'favourable response' was 'total clinical healing of the tumour within the volume of irradiation with no subsequent recurrence within that volume, whatever the length of follow up'. Anything else was reported as a failure. A long term follow up of 3 years is also available. 136 cases have completed the trial. The favourable response in the study group was 77% as against 20.9% in the control group. The differential response is statistically significant. The present study is the fourth in the series of combined therapeutic trials conducted in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma since 1958. (Krishnamurthi and Shanta, 1963, 1965, 1967 and 1971). A concurrent randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate the combination of Bleomycin and radiation as against radiation only in treatment of advanced oral cancer has been conducted at the Cancer Institute, Madras since 1971.
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PMID:Combined therapy of oral cancer bleomycin and radiation: a clinical trial. 6 44

Cryosurgery has a wide range of uses for the destruction of tumours. Acceptability among dermatologists for the treatment of skin cancer appears high. In the treatment of oral cancer, cryosurgery is not yet widely accepted, but it should be more commonly used for early cancer and in the management of selected problems in therapy. It has established a reasonably firm place in the treatment of prostatic cancer, perhaps because of continued interest in the immunologic benefits, while its use in gynecologic organs is limited to carcinoma in situ or to selected patients with advanced cancer. In all these areas, it has been used with surprisingly good results in selected patients who were high risks under conventional methods of therapy. The trial of cryosurgery in the treatment of bone tumors should prove its efficacy. Today's interest in cryosurgery is consistent with the current trend to conservatism in cancer surgery.
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PMID:Cryosurgery for cancer. 7 80

We used only NK 631, a new bleomycin derivative, for 10 cases of primary oral cancer, and obtained following results. (1) Anti-cancer effects were immediate and as follow: remarkably good in 1 case, efficacious in 8 cases, and none in 1 case. (2) In clinical examination, peripheral blood, function of kidney, liver, etc. were normal. But attention must be payed to blood gas. (3) Loss of hair, stomatitis and exanthema were noticed as side effects more clearly than regular bleomycin, but no fever. As the result of the above, NK 631 is better than regular bleomycin in anti-cancer effect and activity, but more attention should be payed to the side effect.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of NK 631, a new bleomycin derivative, in treatment of oral cancer (author's transl)]. 8 83

During the period 1970-1973, only 2.5 percent of the dentists practicing in Kentucky attended cancer continuing education courses offered by the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry. In the fall of 1973 a different approach to cancer education was launched: Learn about Oral Cancer in Your Office. Self-instructional materials, developed in the College of Dentistry, were taken to the dentist's office on an appointment basis. This method had great appeal and significantly increased the number of dentists involved in cancer continuing education. Other positive results of this approach were a greater awareness on the part of the dentist of his role in cancer detection, a desire amont the participants to alter the pattern of practice to include cancer detection techniques, and exposure of dental auxiliary personnel to cancer education material.
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PMID:An outreach cancer education program: a model for continuing education in the dental office. 26 93

A group of 57,518 industrial workers of Gujarat, India were screened for oral cancerous and precancerous oral lesions between 1967 and 1971. All subjects were 35 years of age or older and 95 per cent were males. The 27,841 oral lesions found were examined by cytologic scrapings and 13,230 were biopsied. Also, all lesions were followed clinically to assure a malignancy was not overlooked. There were 51 oral cancers diagnosed (.18% of the lesions and .09% of the entire study group). Computing all the cytologic smears, there was an overall accuracy exceeding 99 per cent. When assessing just the malignancies, the accuracy decreased to 80.4 per cent. Since there was a high degree of clinical suspicion on the part of the screeners, only one unsuspected cancer was discovered by cytology. There were four false positive interpretations; and 53 other specimens classified as "suspicious" subsequently were shown to be benign. Although exfoliative cytology has proved useful in assessing oral lesions as an adjunct to biopsy, the low frequency of oral cancer limits the value of this technique as a screening modality. Most false negatives have been associated with leukoplakic (hyperkeratotic) lesions. Therefore, in a persistent oral lesion, even though a cytologic scraping may not be suspicious or characteristic of malignancy, a biopsy should still be strongly considered.
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PMID:Cytologic, histologic and clinical correlations of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions in 57,518 industrial workers of Gujarat, India. 26 29

The FDI has shown considerable interest in the oral cancer and has in recent years arranged three symposia on the subject. The incidence of oral cancer shows marked geographic differences mostly depending upon environmental factors. In the present paper the epidemiology of oral cancer is illustrated by the relative frequency to total number of cancers and incidence rates from a number of countries. Canada has the highest rate of cancer of the vermilion border, which is extremely rare among dark-skinned people. Even within one country differences may be found, a fact which is illustrated by findings from Czechoslovakia and India. In most of the studies dealing with the etiology of oral cancer tobacco usage in its various forms is shown to be the outstanding factor.
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PMID:Epidemiological studies of oral cancer. 26 24

Although a great deal is known about the incidence of cancer, including oral cancer, no such study has been done on odontogenic tumors and jaw cysts. There are therefore no standardized data which would allow for comparative incidences in different countries and between different groups. In the present study, cases of ameloblastomas and dentigerous cysts derived from the records of all the hospital pathology departments and private pathology practices on the Witwatersrand, were recorded for the 10-year period 1965--1974. The population at risk (1970 census) was 974,390 Whites and 1,567,280 Blacks. The annual incidence rates, standardized against the standard world population, for ameloblastomas per million population are 1.96, 1.20, 0.18 and 0.44 for Black males, females and White males, females, respectively. The equivalent four figures for dentigerous cysts are 1.18, 1.22, 9.92 and 7.26. These figures show that ameloblastoma is very much more common in Blacks than Whites in the population at risk. Conversely, dentigerous cysts are much more common in Whites. This makes it unlikely that dentigerous cysts predispose to ameloblastoma formation. These epidemiologic observations give rise to speculation as to whether some component of the South African Black diet or other environmental substance might possibly be an etiologic factor in ameloblastoma.
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PMID:Age-standardized incidence rates of ameloblastoma and dentigerous cyst on the Witwatersrand, South Africa. 27 3

Some cancers, especially sarcomas, favor younger age groups, whereas others, particularly carcinomas, are most likely to develop in older age groups. The relative frequency, mortality and morbidity rates are defined using lip and tongue cancer as examples. The paper demonstrates how oral cancer rates increase with age. For tongue cancer there is a worsening of the prognosis with advancing age. The synergistic effect of tobacco and alcohol and its relation to age is also dealt with. For leukoplakia there is also a higher rate with increasing age, although there is a shift towards younger ages when compared with oral cancer. Tobacco, age and leukoplakia are also discussed. The increased cancer and precancer rate in older people may be due to age changes in the oral mucosa making it more vulnerable to the action of carcinogens.
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PMID:Oral cancer and precancer as diseases of the aged. 28 12

After discussing the changing incidence and known difficulties in the management of mouth floor cancer, reasons are given for the increased use of surgery in treating the more extensive lesions. The significance of the topographic anatomy, patterns of lymph drainage and surgical pathology is emphasized. Principles of treatment, indications and types of operation are discussed for the main lesions encountered. Following this the preparation of patients for surgery, the methods of anaesthesia and certain technical details of surgical treatment are given. The importance of after-care and particular measures to avoid complications are stressed and conclusions reached. The paper is based on experience in the Head and Neck Unit of the Royal Marsden Hospital, London, mainly since 1965. It also derives from an extensive report on 189 cases of floor of mouth cancer seen and treated at the Hospital from 1950-1974.
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PMID:Cancer of the floor of the mouth: surgical management. 32 1


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