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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A human cancer cell line (COLO 16) derived originally from an epidermal squamous cell carcinoma was found to possess adenylate cyclase responsiveness to beta-adrenergic agonists. 2. The adenylate cyclase response was characterized with respect to activation constants (KA) for various beta-adrenergic agonists and inhibition constants (Ki) for antagonists. 3. Intact cells responded with dose-dependent increases in production of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. 4. Properties of the beta-adrenergic receptor were evaluated by using the specific binding of [3H]propranolol to cell membranes. Specific binding was saturable, with KD 5.79 nmol/l and binding sites 0.68 pmol/mg of protein. 5. Competition for binding to cell membranes was shown by beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists and was stereospecific. There was close agreement between the affinity of these various agents on adenylate cyclase and receptor binding. 6. It is likely that the beta-adrenergic receptor-linked adenylate cyclase in COLO 16 cells represents persistence in a cancer cell line of a receptor present normally in epidermal cells.
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PMID:Characterization of beta-adrenergic receptor linked to adenylate cyclase in a human cancer cell line (COLO 16). 2 27

Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin.
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PMID:The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. 3 40

A specific collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) has been found and purified from serum-free culture medium of 11095 epidermoid carcinoma of rat prostate. The molecular weight of this collagenase was estimated at 71 000 and the pH optimum was approx. 7. At 26 degrees C, the collagenase cleaved collagen at a site 3/4 the length from the N-terminus. At 37 degrees C, this collagenase degraded collagen to smaller peptides. The enzyme activity was inhibited by serum, cysteine and EDTA, but not by protease inhibitors. The presence of collagenase in rat tumor tissue suggests that this enzyme might play a significant role in tissue invasion by cancer cells.
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PMID:Collagenase activity in cultures of rat prostate carcinoma. 3 9

In vitro, colony inhibition tests using lymphocytes and serum from 42 patients with other carcinomas, and 12 control patients with no carcinoma, were performed using cultured target cells (CALI). Target cell colony counts were significantly diminished by lymphocytes of 2 of 12 (16.7 percent) patients with no cancer, compared with those 26 of 42 (61.9 percent) patients with epidermoid carcinoma. An unexpected finding was significant colony inhibition of lymphocytes of 23 of 27 (85.2 percent) patients tested within 24 months of diagnosis of carcinoma compared with significant inhibition in only 3 of 15 (20 percent) patients tested after 24 months of diagnosis of carcinoma. Serum blocking factor was found in 9 of 42 (21.4 percent) patients with epidermoid carcinoma. It was found on follow-up that four of these nine (44.4 percent) had later recurrent or new tumors compared to recurrence or new tumor incidence of only 6 of 33 (18.2 percent) patients with no serum blocking factor present in the serum.
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PMID:A search for common tumor specific antigen and serum blocking factor in head and neck epidermoid carcinomas. 4 34

Twenty-seven unselected patients with limited disease non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with a chemotherapy- radiotherapy protocol which consisted of bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate followed by split-course radiation. There were 15 objective responders with a median survival time in excess of 70+ weeks in contrast to a median survival time of 26 weeks for nonresponders (P less than 0.01). Objective benefit was limited to the epidermoid carcinoma group since none of the adenocarcinoma group achieved a greater than 50% reduction in maximum tumor diameter. The median survival time for the entire groups was 42 weeks in contrast to a recent split-course radiotherapy historical control group whose median survival time was 38 weeks. Toxic effects were predominantly gastrointestinal.
Cancer Chemother Rep
PMID:Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin (NSC-125066), vincristine (NSC-67574), and methotrexate (NSC-740) plus split-course radiotherapy in the treatment of non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. 5 Jan 24

Although experience with drug therapy of advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is limited, several agents have produced convincing and reproducible tumor regression in these patients. Methotrexate has had the widest usage, and produces 30-50% response rates; bleomycin, hydroxyurea, and adriamycin appear to be somewhat less effective. Location of the malignancy and previous x-ray treatment appear to be important determinants of responsiveness to methotrexate, while degree of differentiation has not yet been shown to be an important factor for response to this drug. Attempts to improve the response rate and duration of chemotherapeutic response by utilizing combinations of drugs, or use of drugs to sensitize the tumor to x-ray treatment, or to reduce the bulk of tumor before x-ray treatment, are reviewed; they have been only moderately encouraging. Intra-arterial chemotherapy appears to have a therapeutic advantage over intravenous treatment; however, the morbidity associated with the former approach limits its usefulness for routine usage. The use of drugs as adjuncts following surgery and/or radiation therapy or immunotherapy are newer approaches that have not been investigated sufficiently, but are promising areas for investigation.
Cancer 1975 Aug
PMID:The role of chemotherapy in the management of cancer of the head and neck: a review. 5 Aug 77

A C-type virus continuously released from a cell line (WR-9) derived from a spontaneous epidermoid carcinoma was purified by means of large-scale tissue culture techniques and high-volume zonal centrifuges. With the use of relatively pure virus concentrates, partial characterization of the virus has been accomplished. Up to 60 liters of spent culture medium from relatively low virus-yielding cultures were processed at a time through the Model K ultracentrifuge in order to obtain quantities of virus sufficient for convenient Tween-ether extraction of the major polypeptide (30,000 daltons). This structural protein having group-specific reactivity was purified and isolated by isoelectric-focusing techniques. A UV absorption peak (A280) was found to be coincident with a major peak of radioacticity at pH 8.6, the isoelectric point (pI) for rat virus gs antigen previously reported by other investigators. Because species-specific (gs-1) and cross-reactive (gs-3) determinants coexist on this protein, fractions containing the group-specific antigen were identified on the basis of the mammalian interspecies determinant (gs-3), using antiserum prepared against Tween-ether-disrupted feline leukemia virus. At the same time, reactivity to the gs-1 determinants in identical fractions was observed in complement fixation and gel diffusion assays, using guinea pig antiserum known to contain principally antibodies to rat gs-1 determinants. Presently, the principal source of rat type C viral gs antigen is rat cell line MSB, which continuously releases a rat leukemia virus pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus. The WR-9 rat virus line may be of use in providing an additional source of C-type particles that are capable of yielding good gs reagents.
Cancer Res 1975 Oct
PMID:Partial characterization of C-type particles in a cell line (WR-9) derived from a rat epidermoid carcinoma of spontaneous origin. 5 Aug 83

An advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva was treated with cryosurgery when radical surgery was refused. The cryosurgery was well tolerated in an elderly patient with arteriosclerotic heart disease, and local tumor control was achieved. Availability of sophisticated instrumentation for the destruction of tumors by freezing leads to broader indications for and increased use of this mode of therapy for vulvar and other malignancies.
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PMID:Cryosurgery of advanced vulvar carcinoma. 5 31

The human uterine cervix offers a unique opportunity to study the early lesions of squamous cell carcinoma, i.e., carcinoma in situ and dysplasia [combined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)]. In vivo, the patients with CIN have the epidemiological common denominators or "markers" of early onset of coitus, multiple sexual partners, 1st delivery before age 20, and antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 more frequently than do controls. The lesions themselves have specific epithelial and vascular changes observable with the colposcope in addition to the usual histological markers from biopsy specimens. The chromosomes and DNA content of cells in these lesions are abnormal. In vitro, the cells from CIN have characteristics somewhat between normal and invasive carcinoma. They lack contact inhibition and may be transferred for several generations, in contrast to normal cervical epithelial cells. The fibroblasts from areas adjacent to DIN are different from normal fibroblasts. The mitotic mechanism in cells cultured from CIN has a significantly prolonged prophase and telophase when compared to similar normal cells. The surface of CIN cells, unlike normal cells, has numerous microvilli when examined by scanning electron microscopy and has characteristic differences from normal cells with numerous elongated, irregular microvilli. With the transmission electron microscope, an increase in microvilli and a decrease in desmosomes and tonofibrils are seen in CIN cells. Some of these markers are being used clinically to manage patients with CIN. Other markers are the basis for further investigation of human carcinogenesis.
Cancer Res 1976 Jul
PMID:In vivo and in vitro "markers" of human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 5 20

The interaction between the antibiotic bleomycin and x-radiation has been studied in vitro and in vivo. Tissue culture results appear to reflect in vivo sensitivities correctly. Simultaneous exposure to bleomycin and gamma radiation enhances killing of both sensitive and resistant lines. Data from a pilot study combining bleomycin with conventional radiation for unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung suggest that the simultaneous administration of bleomycin (10 mg/m2 intravenously twice weekly) with short-course radiation treatment is well tolerated and without dangerous pulmonary complications. Tumor response was greater in the combined-therapy group (46%) than in radiation-only controls (26%); median survivals were 13 and 6 months, respectively. Unlike previously published data, responders appeared to have a significant survival advantage over nonreponders, suggesting that bleomycin may be slightly effective in inhibiting the development of systemic metastasis, and that it positively enhanced local control of primary disease.
Cancer 1976 Jun
PMID:Unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and its management by combined bleomycin and radiotherapy. A clinical study of the enhanced results. 5 23


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