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Query: UMLS:C0006826 (cancer)
 1,092,456 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors describe histopathologic aspects in ten cases of thyroid carcinoma with amyloid stroma. This form of cancer represents 3.4% of all the thyroid cancer cases in the last five years in the Institute of Endocrinology. Microscopic examination reveals a polymorphous picture alongside with amyloid deposits. The authors attribute to the tumor cells an important role in producing thyroid amyloidosis.
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PMID:Histopathologic observations on thyroid carcinoma with amyloid stroma. 12 77

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
Z Krebsforsch Klin Onkol Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1977
PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

To determine the necessary extent of surgery in thyroid cancer 128 autopsy reports of patients with thyroid cancer were studied. It was found that in a group of those died from cancer the specific weight of death issues due to papillary cancer, most frequently observed, was small (8.5%), consequently these patients would show a recovery postoperatively. Patients with one lobe involved die following its resection but, as a rule, not because of the process spreading to the second lobe. The prognosis for patients with thyroid cancer largely depends on the histological type of tumor rather than the extent of surgery. All this supports the idea that in appropriate cases it is feasible to continue oneself to the resection of the lateral thyroid lobe for this kind of tumor.
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PMID:[Causes of death in thyroid cancer patients]. 14 35

The effect was studied of biochemical and morphological changes induced by antithyroid substances (PTU, C10(-4)) on proton spin-relaxation properties of rat thyroid gland. It was found that thyroid stimulated by PTU (0.05%) or C10(-4) (1.0%) exhibit marked morphological changes (hyperplasia and epithelial hypertrophy) with alteration of the soluble iodoprotein pattern (content and composition.). Both relaxation times spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) were increasing with the lenght of treatment with antithyroid drugs. Reversibility of the process was noted in accordance with biochemical and morphological data. The relaxation rate (formula: see text) for thyroid tissue water was in positive correlation with the suluble protein concentration and particularly with the TG content in the gland. There was no difference in relaxation times between normal thyroid and gland of rats treated chronically with excess iodide. The observed difference in T1 between normal glands and glands of PTU,-C10(-4)--treated rats was comparable with that found in cases of human thyroid cancer. This finding is of importance when the diagnostic potential of NMR in the detection of malignancy is considered. In conclusion, a strong correlation was found between microstructural and biochemical changes of the thyroid gland and proton magnetic relaxation of tissue water. The striking difference between the proton spin-relaxation times in normal and in goiter thyroid glands of rats suggests that pulsed NMR spectroscopy could be a method for evaluation of some disturbances in thyroid gland.
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PMID:Relationship of biochemical and morphological changes in rat thyroid and proton spin-relaxation of the tissue water. 19 43

A retrospective study of sixty-six case-reports confirmed the traditional factors described in this histological type of cancer, particularly the age, a slight predominence of males, and the very poor prognosis. A selection was made of 42 cases in which extensive investigations had been carried out to search for a possible extrapulmonary primary adenocarcinoma, but only one case of renal cancer and one of thyroid cancer were demonstrated. Autopsy had revealed the presence of 3 prostatic lesions and their relation to the pulmonary affection is discussed. Thyroid cancer had been found in 2 cases, which emphasizes the value of scintigraphy for this organ, whereas the authors felt that other investigations were of no value in the absence of clinically oriented signs.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary adenocarcinomas of apparently primary origin. A retrospective study of sixty-six patients (author's transl)]. 22 13

The incidence of thyroid cancer was examined temporally and geographically by age and sex from data provided by tumor registries in the United States and abroad. The temporal trends in Connecticut showed an increase in annual incidence after 1945, with an especially sudden increase in incidence in females. The increase occurred predominantly in older males and younger females. The increase in young females was confirmed by cohort analysis. The rates rose with age in both sexes, but recently females have developed a secondary peak in the fourth decade of life. The same phenomenon was observed in other U.S. data but not as clearly in data from ten foreign registries. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that X-radiation therapy for benign conditions of the head and neck in childhood was a factor in the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in U.S. females, but some other etiologic or modifying factor should be sought to explain the increased incidence in U.S. males.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1979 May
PMID:Changing incidence of thyroid cancer. 28 89

Radioiodine (131I) treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is a well-evaluated therapeutic model for nuclear medicine which has never been equaled by subsequent developments. It is still a unique method of treating cancer. The treatment of thyroid cancer begins with a systematic approach to the most common first symptom or sign; a neck mass. Data have accumulated to show that well-differentiated thyroid cancer does kill commonly enough to warrant aggressive treatment, even in young individuals. There is also evidence that the more complete the thyroidectomy, the lower the death and recurrence rate of the thyroid cancer, and the more effective the use of 131I in both detecting and treating metastases. There are now considerable data demonstrating that 131I after surgery decreases both the recurrence rate and death rate from well-differentiated thyroid cancer. After uptake is "ablated", there is a 1%--2% recurrence rate in patients with the most extensive disease at the time of the initial treatment. This recurrence is effectively retreated with another dose of 131I. Surgery and 131I should be used as long as they are effective before resorting to teletherapy. There are now considerable data to show that the morbidity of surgical and 131I treatment is reasonable in contrast to the recurrence and death rate from nonaggressively treated well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Serious consideration should be given to using a low iodine diet before treatment with radioiodine.
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PMID:The treatment of thyroid carcinoma with radioactive iodine. 34 48

Authors studied the ultrastructural characteristics of the following thyroid cancer: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and medullary carcinoma. Some specific ultrastructural-functional correlations for each type of thyroid cancer could be established. Papillary and follicular carcinoma had some common features: larger nuclei than in benign lesions, a highly increased number of mitochondria, a reduced endoplasmic reticulum, cell junctions between the cells and an intact basal lamina. In addition, papillary carcinoma presented stage I and stage II nuclear inclusions, and nuclear invaginations that contained cytoplasm. The higher malignancy of follicular carcinoma compared with that of papillary carcinoma was assigned to less differentiated areas corresponding to the compact fields. Undifferentiated carcinoma consisted of large pleomorphic cells (spindle and giant cells) with abundant mitochondria, a flat rough endoplasmic reticulum, scanty secretory granules and lysosomes, cell junctions, all suggesting their common epithelial origin. Ultrastructure of medullary carcinoma contributed to the explanation of the amyloid origin and of granule types in correlation with hormone storage in cells.
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PMID:An electron-microscopic study of human thyroid cancer. 39 93

The problem of radiation-induced tumors is explained in detail in the following chapters: 1. Malignant tumors in dial painters using luminous paint, 2. Malignant tumors after injection of Thorotrast, 3. Bronchial tumors in Uran-mineworkers, 4. Malignant tumors caused by radium-compresses and radium-moulages, 5. Thyroid cancer caused by irradiation, 6. Leukemia and malignant tumors following the atomic bomb detonation in Hiroshima and Nakasaki, 7. Malignant tumors in Lupus vulgaris, 8. Development of malignant tumors following the irradiation of praecancerous alterations, of benign tumors and other benign changes in head and neck, 9. Radiation induced soft-tissue and bone sarcoma in the skull, 10. Radiation-induced cancers in hypopharynx diverticula, 11. Radiation-induced cancers in the antethoracic skin graft esophagus, 12. Radiation-induced second-tumors, 13. Cancer caused by ultraviolet rays, 14. Increase of hematogenic metastases by irradiation. 15. Malignant tumors caused by irradiation of the fetus in utero.
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PMID:[Origin of malignant tumors of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts and the ear. 4. Malignant rumors caused by irradiation. B. Special part (author's transl)]. 39 82

Most serum thyrotropin (TSH) assays do not adequately discriminate between normal values and absent TSH. We therefore evaluated the TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) as a criterion for the adequacy of TSH suppression therapy. Twenty-six outpatients with various thyroid disorders (cancer, 10; nodules, 9; miscellaneous, 4; hypothyroidism after 131I therapy for Graves' disease, 3) were studied. Using the frequent sampling technique (samples every 20 min) in two normal volunteers and one untreated patient who was TRH-responsive, we first confirmed the observation that TSH secretion occurred episodically throughout the 24-h period. In contrast, serum TSH was undetectable (less than 0.6 micronU/ml) throughout the 24-h period in 5 patients on TSH suppression therapy who were TRH-unresponsive and one who had a minimal response to TRH. Thus, TRH-unresponsive patients did not secrete measurable amounts of TSH throughout the 24-h period. To suppress TSH secretion, all patients were treated with L-thyroxine (T4) at doses which resulted in undetectable TSH values in random plasma samples. TRH tests were carried out only when random TSH concentrations were less than 0.6 micronU/ml. Seven of the twenty-six patients (27%) including two with thyroid cancer were TRH-responsive indicating a potential for TSH secretion. In these seven, the T4 dose was adjusted until they were TRH-unresponsive. The mean change in T4 dose of these 7 patients was 20+/-10 (SD) microng/day and this resulted in a mean increase of 1.5+/-1.1 microng/dl for T4 and 20+/-20 ng/dl for T3. For all patients, the mean T4 dose required for TSH suppression was 172+/-53 microng/day or 2.6+/-0.8 microng per day per kg body weight. Twenty-three of 26 patients required between 100-200 microng/day and the remaining 3, 250-300 microng/day. The T4 dose required to suppress TSH resulted in normal serum concentrations of T4. 9.1+/-2.0 MICRONG/DL, AND T3, 136.7+/-33.6 NG/DL. These T4 doses did not produce a rapid heart rate, either awake or asleep, arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic abnormalties as assessed by 24-h Holter monitor tracings in 11 patients. Our results thus show that the T4 dose which results in an unresponsive TRH test ensures that serum TSH will remain undetectable (less than 0.6 micronU/ml) throughout the 24-h period. An unresponsive TRH test, therefore, appears to be a very useful and reliable index of TSH suppression.
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PMID:Response to thyrotropin releasing hormone: an objective criterion for the adequacy of thyrotropin suppression therapy. 40 9


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