Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006625 (cachexia)
 5,650 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats bearing the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma showed significant changes in branched-chain amino acid metabolism as compared with their non-tumour-bearing controls. In vitro measurement of branched-chain amino acid transaminase and branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase showed significant increases in the skeletal muscle of tumour-bearing animals. In addition, the circulating concentration of leucine was increased in the tumour-bearing group. It can be concluded that the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids in the host is profoundly altered by the presence of a tumour and this may well be one of the main factors contributing to the so-called cancer cachexia.
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PMID:The enzymatic activities of branched-chain amino acid catabolism in tumour-bearing rats. 173 48

Some postulates of a hypothesis concerned with the deregulation of muscle turnover by the hypoketonemia of cachectic tumor-bearing rats were examined. Plasma concentrations of ketone bodies (D-(3)-hydroxybutyrate + acetoacetate) in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma were reduced by 45% (P less than 0.001) whereas the concentrations of triglyceride and free fatty acids were elevated by 223% (P less than 0.001) and 335% (P less than 0.001), respectively. Parallel with the changes in plasma, the livers of tumor-bearing animals showed decreased concentrations of KB by 35% (P less than 0.05) and increased concentrations of TG and FFA by 49% (NS) and 15% (NS), respectively. In comparison with values for the control liver (fed ad libitum), the perfused liver of animals bearing the Walker 256 tumor formed 42% (P less than 0.05) and 75% (P less than 0.05) less ketone bodies and CO2, respectively, from oleate, while TG formation was enhanced by 33% (P less than 0.001). There was two- to threefold (P less than 0.001) enhancement of [1-14C]leucine oxidation in vivo by the tumor-bearing animals. The activities of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase were elevated by 70% (P less than 0.001) and 560% (P less than 0.001) respectively in the gastrocnemius muscle of the tumor-bearing animals. The results of the investigation supported a second proposal of the hypothesis, namely, that cancer-induced cachexia resulted in the notable elevation in the concentration of arginine vasopressin that was accompanied by parallel increases in the plasma, urine, and muscle concentrations of prostaglandin E2. The proposals of the original hypothesis have been augmented to include roles for PGE2 and the cytokine cachectin/tumor necrosis factor which may engineer all of the events depicted in the original hypothesis.
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PMID:The regulation of fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid oxidation in cancer cachectic rats: a proposed role for a cytokine, eicosanoid, and hormone trilogy. 277 64