Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006625 (cachexia)
 5,650 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 6% incidence of nephrotic syndrome was noted in a colony of 400 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) over a period of 2 years. Clinical findings consisted of severe ascites and anasarca, anorexia, cachexia, and papular dermatitis. Serum and urine chemical analysis revealed proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia in all animals tested; hypoproteinemia and high concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were detected in some of the affected hamsters. Demodex aurati was detected in skin scrapings from 4 of 8 hamsters. Necropsy findings included subcutaneous edema, ascites, and hydrothorax, as well as atrophic kidneys and testes. Extensive deposits of type AA amyloid were detected histologically in kidney, liver, spleen, and adrenal gland; smaller deposits were found in thyroid gland and intestine. Other histologic findings included periodontitis and hyalinization of the small arteries of the testes.
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PMID:Nephrotic syndrome associated with renal amyloidosis in a colony of Syrian hamsters. 651 83

This study was designed to ascertain whether the overall availability of whole-body lipids and nitrogen is a limiting factor for survival in tumor-bearing mice suffering from anorexia and cachexia. Three-month-old nongrowing mice (C57BL/6J) were given s.c. transplants of a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. Freely fed, starved, and pair-fed animals were used. Body and lipid composition, tumor growth, and survival time were measured. Freely fed sarcoma-bearing mice died with profoundly altered body composition. This was not explained by the anorexia assessed in pair-feeding experiments. Starvation had caused a more severe depletion in body composition in both tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing animals than the tumor alone did in freely fed tumor-bearing mice. Freely fed tumor-bearing animals had normal proportions of whole-body triglycerides, cholesterol, and polar lipids, but they lost palmitic acid quantitatively more than any other fatty acid. It is unlikely that any single fatty acid became limiting during tumor growth. The results show that the overall availability of lipids, nitrogen, and glucose precursors is not a limiting factor for survival in experimental tumor cachexia. Other factors considered to be more likely as determining factors for the death of tumor-bearing animals are discussed.
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PMID:Role of whole-body lipids and nitrogen as limiting factors for survival in tumor-bearing mice with anorexia and cachexia. 657 17

The viewpoints of heterogenous medical and other specialists as regards the problems of anorexia and cachexia in oncological patients are still to be subjected to experimental and clinical elaboration and specification. A definite purposefulness is required during the disseminated stages as well as during the complications resulting from the treatment. Numerous publications on those problems appeared during the last several years and a separate copy of the competent journal "Cancer" (1979) of the American anticancer society in Philadelphia was dedicated to anorexia, cachexia and parenteral nutrition.
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PMID:[Anorexia and cachexia in neoplastic diseases]. 681 14

Two sublines of Walker 256 carcinoma have been characterized for their ability to metastasize and to induce cachexia. The invasive, metastasizing line A induced terminal anorexia in rats with a mean survival time of 27 +/- 1.5 days. The non-invasive line B induced early anorexia and cachexia with a mean survival time of only 15 +/- 1 days. At death, the line B tumor was still smaller than the line A one, and no metastases were detectable. These two sublines are discussed as a composite model for studying anorexia and cachexia together with invasion and metastasis.
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PMID:Two lines of Walker carcinoma 256: their peculiarities and different interactions with the host. 683 44

Data on anorexia and cachexia induced by Walker carcinoma 256 in Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed in order to standardize an experimental model using a statistical (nondeterministical) procedure for assessing the efficacy of potential orexigenic agents. This model was characterized by a mean survival time of 14 +/- 1 days and by food intake and body weight loss starting from day 6 after tumor implantation. The complex course of cachexia was characterized by reduction in the weight of gastrocnemius muscle and epididymal adipose tissue, taken as representative sites of loss of proteins and lipids.
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PMID:Walker carcinoma 256: a model for studies on tumor-induced anorexia and cachexia. 695 38

Walker carcinoma 256/B transplanted sc in CD-COBS rats induce a decrease of food intake when the tumor size is less than 5% of the body weight. This anorexia is accompanied by a decrease of the adipose tissue and, to a lesser extent, of muscular tissue. The mechanism involved in cancer-induced anorexia seems to be different from that of classic centrally acting anorectic agents. Among the drugs tested to counteract this anorexia only cyproheptadine shows a modest effect. Cyclophosphamide reduces tumor growth and prevents decrease in food intake. It is suggested that Walker carcinoma 256/B may be a useful animal model to study problems related to cancer-induced anorexia and cachexia.
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PMID:Animal models for the study of cancer-induced anorexia. 695 17

We studied a patient with lung cancer, who exhibited severe systemic derangements of metabolism causing cachexia preceding the appearance of a large bulky tumor. The data described herein left no doubt that lung cancer growing in the patient acted as a powerful hypoglycemic factor, setting in motion widespread metabolic disorders. Inappropriate secretion of insulin may be involved in the manifestation of hypoglycemia. However, no ectopic secretion of insulin, glucagon, ACTH and aldosterone appeared to be associated with the carcinoma in the patient. From the present and previous observations, it is stressed that progressive energy loss from the patient occurs by virtue of a combination of severe anorexia and the establishment of a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of glycolysis in the cancer cells and stimulated gluconeogenesis in the host tissues, which in turn results in derangements of protein, lipid and electrolyte metabolism. Attempts to ameliorate the patient's distress and counterbalance the effect of the tumor by parenteral hyperalimentation were not satisfactory and resulted in only a temporary improvement. This study also demonstrated that marked granulocytosis was the result of production of an excess granulopoietic colony stimulating activity by the cancer cells.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia, hypopotassemia and hyperleukocytosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 697 22

Leiomyosarcoma of the colon, excluding that of the rectum, is extremely rare. We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the ascending colon with a brief review of literature. The clinical manifestations in our case were typical: abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and a palpable tumor that was firm, smooth, and mobile inspite of its bulk. Toxic features, cachexia and weight loss were less prominent. Morphologically the tumor was of dumbbell type with intracolic and extracolic components. The microscopic picture, consisting of spindle-shaped smooth-muscle cells with pleomorphism and one to three mitotic figures per high-power field, was characteristic. In the absence of local spread, a hemicolectomy was considered curative, but our patient developed extensive metastasis in 25 months. The correlation between mitotic activity of the tumor and prognosis in our case was consistent with that reported in literature.
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PMID:Leiomyosarcoma of the colon: a case report and review of literature. 699 Dec 30

Under examination there were 17 girls with pre-pubertal nervous anorexia. In distinction from typical nervous anorexia these patients showed no definite changes of the disease stages: in particular there was no cachexia. Characteristic for the food behaviour of these patients was development of the so-called emetic forms of the reactions that did not depend on the patients' pre-morbid peculiarities. In general, pre-pubertal nervous anorexia should be regarded as a manifestation of hysterical forms of reaction. The disease is distinguished for a favourable course and a good prognosis.
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PMID:[Prepuberal anorexia nervosa]. 731 41

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome with weight loss, anorexia, and loss of host body cell mass. Tumor cachexia may be an early symptom of a neoplasm. Low food intake is the main reason for weight loss. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation remain primary therapeutic modalities to overcome cancer cachexia. Artificial nutrition is able to avoid progressive weight loss; nutrition alone may not preserve fat-free body cell mass. Parenteral nutrition reduces perioperative morbidity and mortality. Nutritional support failed to show a benefit in patients with malignancies which are treated with therapeutic radiation or chemotherapy. For patients with unresectable neoplasms of the upper GI-tract conventional palliative regimens (bougienage, laser, etc.) do not support a satisfactory nutritional state. Ambulatory enteral tube feeding via percutaneous endoscopic gastrotomy (PEG) as an adjunct to therapy is useful and safe in providing adequate fluid and substrates.
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PMID:[Diet therapy in cancer]. 750 20


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