Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006625 (cachexia)
 5,650 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular lesions were observed at necropsy in five of six sheep which were subjected to an experimentally induced cobalt-vitamin B12 deficiency during a period of 34 weeks. The classical symptoms of cobalt-vitamin B12 deficiency (anorexia, cachexia, anaemia) were seen in all six sheep at week 20 of the experiment. Histologically, lesions of the auricular epicardium and myocardium consisted of a high concentration of inflammatory cells dominated by polynuclear eosinophils as well as the haemorrhagic inflammation of blood vessels accompanied by necrosis of auricular tissue. The similarity between the lesions observed in the present experiment and those seen in arteriosclerosis, led to the suggestion that a deficiency of vitamin B12 may be implicated in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. A hypothesis is advanced in this respect.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular lesions in cobalt-vitamin B12 deficient sheep. 382 46

To demonstrate that the anorexia and depletion of cachexia reverses on tumor removal, F344 rats underwent sarcoma resection when their food intake fell to 0 g/day. In survivors of surgery, reversal in food intake was apparent within 3 days postoperatively, followed after 2 days by gain in host weight. To detect whether the transmission of anorexia/cachexia in these tumor-bearing (TB) rats was via the circulation, four groups were studied: single non-tumor bearing (NTB); single TB; parabiotic NTB; and parabiotic TB. The measured blood exchange rate between parabiotic halves was 1.2-1.5%/min. No cachectic effect was detected in either half of the NTB parabionts. There was no evidence of sarcoma metastases in the tumor-free half of the parabiotic TB pair. All the rats associated with the presence of tumor showed cachectic effects but the degree and timing of effect varied among the three conditions, single TB, parabiotic TB half, and parabiotic tumor-free half. In all variables examined (fall in food intake, time of first fall in food intake, host weight loss, elevation of blood urea nitrogen) the severities were always in the same sequence: single TB greater than parabiotic TB half greater than parabiotic tumor-free half greater than NTB. In addition, the TB parabiotic pair had a significantly longer survival time and grew a significantly larger tumor than did the single TB animal. The parabiotic tumor had a slower initial growth rate and a slower deceleration rate than the singlet tumor. These results provide evidence for the humoral mediation of cancer-associated cachexia.
 ...
PMID:Parabiotic transfer of cancer anorexia/cachexia in male rats. 386 7

Endotoxin-induced cells of the reticuloendothelial system were shown to produce mediator(s) that evoke a state of cachexia in recipient animals. The factor(s) responsible were assayed in endotoxin-resistant (C3H/HeJ) mice, which were injected with dialyzed conditioned medium obtained from lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal macrophages. The mice exhibited weight loss and anorexia, and they died if sufficient quantities of medium were administered. The syndrome was reversible if injections were discontinued. Endotoxin alone did not produce this effect, and no gross pathologic lesions were discernable in the treated animals. In this model system, cachexia appears to result from the action of soluble macromolecules produced by activated macrophages in vitro. Cachectin (murine tumor necrosis factor) is thought to play a central role in this phenomenon.
 ...
PMID:Weight loss associated with an endotoxin-induced mediator from peritoneal macrophages: the role of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor). 391 May 66

Tyzzer's disease has been detected in nine unrelated, commercial rabbitries. During the acute stage of the disease, recently weaned rabbits showed profuse watery diarrhoea. Mortality was between 14.2 and 41.2% during the first three weeks of the outbreaks. In surviving animals, there was a chronic evolution with depression, anorexia, loss of weight and sometimes extreme cachexia. Reproduction animals were less badly affected. Multifocal hepatic necrosis, focal myocardial necrosis, patches of mucosal necrosis in ileum, caecum and colon and marked caecal oedema were most prominent at autopsy. In histological sections of the liver, bundles of slightly Gram-negative and Giemsa-, PAS- and silver-positive rod-shaped bacilli were established in apparently viable hepatocytes bordering foci of necrosis. They were also present in myocytes around necrotic foci in the heart and in enterocytes and smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae of the intestinal mucosa. Transmission electron microscopy showed that these organisms had a similar ultrastructure as Bacillus piliformis. Most antibiotics used failed to combat the disease. Only oxytetracycline was active.
 ...
PMID:Naturally-occurring Tyzzer's disease (Bacillus piliformis infection) in commercial rabbits: a clinical and pathological study. 401 90

Cachexia is a terminal metabolic problem observed in a wide variety of tumours. In this article I propose that the syndrome is a direct consequence of the common feature to all malignant tumours: growth. I suggest that the requirement for essential amino acids can be used as the unifying principle that links the tumour to the two main components of cachexia: muscle wastage and anorexia. This underlying factor is usually clouded by the overlapping of individual tumour characteristics.
 ...
PMID:Tumour-host metabolic interaction and cachexia. 401 58

This retrospective study deals with 168 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who were treated at the NCI March 1973 and July 1977 with intensive chemotherapy. Results showed that 12 per cent of all the patients were disease-free for more than 40 months (25% of the limited disease and 3% of the extended stage disease patients which were treated. Complete remission was essential to prolonged survival. The development of a complete remission was favored by a satisfactory initial general condition, localised disease or presence of only one site of metastatic disease. Initial treatment included the following combinations: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and CCNU. High doses are necessary. However, above a certain level, the toxicity increased without a corresponding increment in activity. Addition of another association without cross-resistance (vincristine-adriamycine-natulan or VP-16 and isophosphamide) may induce a complete remission in cases where only a partial remission was obtained initially. In limited disease, radiotherapy seemed to prolong disease-free survival. This lead the authors to study the use of initial radiotherapy, at the rate of 40 grays in 3 weeks in 15 fractions, at the same time as chemotherapy. The radiotherapist must take certain precautions in the use of this double treatment: reshaped fields and insertion of a spinal cord block above 2 000 rads. In extended disease, thoracic irradiation seemed to be of no benefit. Pilot studies are not underway using intensive chemotherapy with multiple tumor site irradiation and autologous marrow implants 48 per cent of all patients with SCLC will develop cerebral metastatic disease (44% intracranial, 13% leptomeningeal, 9% epidural). At 30 months, 75 percent of those who did not receive prophylactic irradiation developed cerebral disease whereas only 40 per cent of the patients who received a prophylactic dose of 30 grays developed cerebral disease. Inspite of the indisputable but incomplete local benefit of prophylactic brain irradiation, it did not prolong survival. Important biological studies are underway at the NCI. - Cell clone cultures have been established. These were enhanced by the addition of arginine vasopressive (AVP) and bombesine. These two substances may be considered as markers of APUD system and are secreted by the SCLC. Bombesine has been isolated in all the cultures tested. This possible marker was perhaps responsible for the anorexia and cachexia in these patients. - These cultures have allowed for identification of deletion 3p (14-23) chromosome anomalies in all the samples examined. - In vitro chemotherapy studies of these cultures have been carried out. Their correlation with clinical results were encouraging (100% negative p/n; 75% positive p/n). - Lastly, monoclonal AC have been prepared. Inspite of their imperfect specificity and heterogeneity with regard to tumor cells, their potential advantages were considerable.
 ...
PMID:Experience of the National Cancer Institute (USA) in the treatment and biology of small cell lung cancer. 628 Jul 95

Tumours may give rise to systemic complications, among others by the release of specific substances. The accompanying symptoms are referred to as paraneoplastic syndromes. These complications have a marked effect on the course run by the disease. A number of common syndromes which are easy to diagnose, are discussed in a survey of the literature, namely: cachexia, anorexia, fever, hypercalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, anaemia and coagulation defects. Attention is paid to the occurrence of the syndromes in man and dogs, the relationship with specific forms of tumour, the pathogenesis and some forms of possible therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Systemic complications of tumors]. 635 48

The independent effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on tumor growth and host carcass are important in designing effective nutritional support. In this study, a TPN regimen was used to keep substrate intake at normal levels during a 10-day period of tumor-induced anorexia and cachexia in rats transplanted with a sarcoma. Tumor mass was increased in TPN-supported animals compared to orally-fed controls. Tumor composition (water, fat, nitrogen) was similar in all tumors. Host carcass mass in tumor-bearing (TB) animals was increased by TPN as compared to orally-fed TB controls, but not to the same extent as in orally-fed or TPN-supported nontumor-bearing controls. Host carcass composition determinations demonstrated significantly increased fat content but no significant change in protein or water content in TB-TPN animals compared to orally-fed TB animals. This study demonstrates increased tumor growth and increased host carcass fat stores secondary to TPN.
 ...
PMID:Tumor and host carcass changes during total parenteral nutrition in an anorectic rat-tumor system. 642 Dec 54

A new syndrome with unique facial features, anorexia, cachexia, eye and skin anomalies affecting three family members is described. A possible mode of inheritance is suggested and various aspects of the phenotype are discussed.
 ...
PMID:The "FACES" syndrome: a new syndrome with unique facies, anorexia, cachexia, and eye and skin lesions. 643 52

Patients with advanced urothelial cancers often have cachexia and anorexia resulting in severe malnutrition and depressed immunologic function. Careful nutritional assessment early in their evaluation and early use of parenteral and enteral nutritional supplements play an important role in allowing these patients to withstand their therapies safely as well as in improving their prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional assessment and therapy in advanced urothelial cancer. 643 58


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>