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Query: UMLS:C0006625 (cachexia)
 5,650 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rats bearing the Morris hepatoma No. 7777 were randomized into three treatment groups. Two of the groups received a nutritionally complete liquid formula diet per os ad libitum. One of these two groups received hydrazine sulfate (HS; an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis) twice daily (15 mg/kg) for 5 days. A third group of tumorous rats received the HS therapy and was given the liquid diet parenterally for 5 days. Tumorous rats fed per os, especially with HS therapy demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth, reduction of body and carcass weight, anorexia and decreased nitrogen retention. The combination of parenteral feeding and HS therapy sustained body and carcass weight with high nitrogen retention but stimulated tumor growth and was associated with liver toxicity. These results support the concept that cancer cachexia involves 'a systemic energy-losing cycle dependent on an interplay of tumor glycolysis and gluconeogenesis'.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition and inhibition of gluconeogenesis on tumor-host responses. 11 15

Anorexia and weight loss are frequently the first manifestations of cancer. Although psychological reasons are frequently included as a partial explanation for loss of appetite and weight in the cancer patient, there have been no systematic studies which establish the nature of this relationship. It is proposed that anorexia and cachexia are at times somatic consequences of the cancer patient's beliefs and attitudes about their disease and its treatments. The inability to overcome a sense of hopelessness leads to an adaptive biological reaction called conservation-withdrawal. The effects of the reaction of disengagement and inactivity in relation to the external world which includes external nutriment may be constructive or destructive depending on when it is experienced and the length of time the reaction continues. How this reaction is initiated and mediated biologically and how it may be related to and can be reversed by a shift in motivation are questions of great importance.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of anorexia: areas for study. 28 34

There are many factors which are responsible for the high incidence of cachexia in human neoplasia. In this review, those considered to be of major importance are discussed. Nutritional disturbances, such as anorexia and malabsorption, are common and nutritional repletion may be beneficial to certain patients. Raised metabolic rate and energy expenditure are also encountered. Tumour cells may act as a nitrogen trap or energy sink, but the significance of these mechanisms in man is questionable. Ectopic hormone production by tumours is well established and a number of tumour-derived substances have been described which interfere with the intermediary metabolism of the host. The significance of these various substances also remains uncertain. Most experimental studies of cancer cachexia have utilized transplantable animal tumour models which bear a poor resemblance to the clinical condition. Development of more suitable models with human tumour xenografts might allow a quicker and better understanding of the aetiologies of human cancer-induced cachexia.
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PMID:Cancer cachexia in man: a review. 39 80

This review examines the contributions made by anorexia, loss of taste, malabsorption and disturbances of intermediary metabolism to the cachexia of cancer. Methods of nutritional assessment are outlined and mention is made of the usefulness of nutritional support as an adjunct to anti-cancer therapies.
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PMID:The cachexia of cancer. 39 13

The case of a 21-yr-old man, who died in cachexia after 2 yr of intermittent abdominal pain, bouts of diarrhea, and anorexia, is reported. Laboratory tests performed shortly before death disclosed signs of malabsorption. Radiologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract showed a coarse mucosal relief in the upper jejunum and a tubular aspect in the rest of the small bowel. There was no dilatation of the loops. Autopsy revealed severe to complete atrophy with fibrosis of the outer muscle layer of the entire small bowel, extending from the pylorus to the ileocecal valve. The only other lesion discovered was a moderate portoportal fibrosis of the liver. The patient's brother had died a few months earlier after 2.5 yr of similar symptoms. An upper gastrointestinal series had shown dilatation of the stomach with fluid retention and a tubular aspect of the small bowel with generalized widening of the loops. No autopsy was performed. There was a high degree of consanguinity on the mother's side. Family history revealed no other evidence of possible genetic factors in the disease.
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PMID:A case of familial visceral myopathy with atrophy and fibrosis of the longitudinal muscle layer of the entire small bowel. 46 30

The nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of Sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. Sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. The following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: S cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), S hirsuta (cat), S hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: S ovicanis (dog), S tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: S miescheriana (dog), S porcifelis n sp (cat), S porcihominis n sp (man); and 1 species in the horse: S bertrami (dog). Sarcocystis cruzi, S ovicanis, and S porcifelis are highly pathogenic to the ox, the sheep, and the pig, respectively. Clinical signs of acute bovine sarcocystosis are: anorexia, pyrexia (42 C, or more), anemia, cachexia, enlarged palpable lymph nodes, excessive salivation, and loss of hair at the tip of the tail. Anemia, anorexia, ataxia, and abortions are the chief clinical signs of acute ovine sarcocystosis. These signs are evident at the time of vascular endothelium is parasitized by schizonts. The schizonts disappear in about 1 month, and cysts are formed in the muscles. The cystic phase of sarcocystosis is virtually nonpathogenic. Carnivores shed sporocysts in their feces after ingesting the intramuscular cysts from the herbivores. Sarcocystis is nonpathogenic to the definitive host. Feline and canine coccidia are also reviewed. The following 11 species are found in cats: Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Isospora felis, Isosporarivolta, Besnoitia besnoiti, Besnoitia sp, and 5 types of Sarcocystis (S hirsuta from the ox, S tenella from the sheep, S muris from the mouse, S porcifelis from the pig, and Sarcocystis sp from Grant's gazelle). The following 10 species are found in canine feces (Isospora canis, Isospora ohioensis, Isospora wallacei n sp; and 7 types of Sarcocystis (S cruzi from the ox, S ovicanis from the sheep, S bertrami and Sarcocystis sp from the horse, S miescheriana from the pig, S hemionilatrantis from mule deer, and Sarcocystis sp from Grant's gazelle). The history of Isospora begemina in dogs is reviewed; life cycles of feline and canine coccidia are given; oocysts of common feline and canine coccidia are compared and illustrated; and public health significance of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is discussed, especially in relation to cats in the household of pregnant women.
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PMID:A review of Sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs. 82 60

Hypercoagulation and intravascular coagulation developed a nearly 12-year-old girl with a one-year history of typical anorexia. Because of extreme cachexia she had been treated with numerous drugs elsewhere, among them ACTH an infusions of amino-acids. At the end of the second week of hospitalisation acute venous thrombosis of the right leg developed which was treated with heparin. Severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and thrombosis of the right leg were diagnosed on admission, the previously administered heparin was neutralised and streptokinase given for 60 hours, heparin was then given for several days, and the cachexia then treated. Both the local and general condition of the patient having been cured, the emotional state has also very much improved during the last year.
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PMID:[Intravascular coagulation in anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. 91 80

The notion of the paraneoplastic syndrome contains a great number of signs which are not to be explained by the local growth of the tumour. The disturbances may express themselves in form of fever, anorexia and cachexia, or they may also affect selectively determined organs. As a cause for these tumour-associated changes, apart from unspecific and specific metabolic functions of the tumour cell, also the sequelae of immunological reactions between tumour and host organism are made responsible. The metabolic remote action of malignant neoformations proved as clearly manifest above all in the paraneoplastic endocrinopathies. Though most of the paraneoplastic syndromes are not strongly specific for the tumour their knowledge may be significant in the diagnostics and control of the course of neoplasias. This is also the case in emergency situations which can be evoked by such pathological processes. The most important paraneoplastic syndromes and problems of their pathogenesis are explained.
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PMID:[The paraneoplastic syndrome]. 102 Mar 77

A case is presented with sudden onset of cachexia and anorexia with hypopituitarism, starting early and progressing gradually. After about 15 months the patient recovered; first he lost the anorexia, then the endocrine functions and growth became normal. Conflicting reports about hypopituitarism in anorexia nervosa and similar syndromes may be due to lack of longitudinal observations and the transient nature of the endocrine disorders.
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PMID:Anorexia nervosa with transient hypopituitarism. 114 70

When the patient was about five years old, his mother noted macropenis, and when he was six years and 3 months old, he was brought to this department with complaints of anorexia and cachexia. The examination at the time of admission revealed separation of the cranial sutures and bilateral optic atrophy. As shown in table 1, no remarkable abnormal findings were seen in the laboratory data. A giant tumor was detected in the suprasellar midline by neuroradiological examination. Instead of radical surgery for this tumor, a needle biopsy was performed with subsequent shunting operation and radiation therapy. The various clinical symptoms improved and he was discharged.
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PMID:[Hypothalamic tumor associated with precocious puberty-a case report (author's transl)]. 124 Nov 12


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