Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006277 (bronchitis)
 6,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 72 adult patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis, serological investigation established the presence of an aetiologic agent in 29 (40%). Influenza virus was the most common pathogen. Seven patients had bacterial infection, caused by pneumococci in four patients and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in three. Five of the patients had pneumonia as diagnosed by radiography, and mycoplasmal aetiology was established in one of these. Altogether, 11 patients either had bacterial infection or radiographic pneumonia. Although the doctors' recording of wheezes was strongly associated with prescription of antibiotics (p < 0.0001), wheezes were heard only in two of the 11 patients with pneumonia or bacterial infection, compared with 30 of the 61 patients with viral or unspecified bronchitis. The median value of C-reactive protein (CRP) was 52 mg/l in the 11 patients, significantly higher than < 11 mg/l in the 61 other patients (p < 0.0001). The corresponding values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate were 45 and 14 mm/h (p < 0.0005). The results indicate that certain patients with acute bronchitis should be treated with antibiotics, and that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the CRP-test may be useful in detecting which patients this applies to.
 ...
PMID:[Acute bronchitis in adults. Clinical findings, microorganisms and use of antibiotics]. 800 31

During autumn 1992, we observed two unrelated family outbreaks of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Family A consisted of grandmother (aged 77 yrs), father (aged 41 yrs), mother (aged 38 yrs), daughter (aged 10 yrs), and two sons (aged 6 yrs and 3 months, respectively). The grandmother and daughter suffered from pneumonia, father from pharyngitis and bronchitis and the older son from mild bronchitis. No symptoms were recorded in the mother and younger son. Symptomatic subjects showed a fourfold increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG) titre for Chlamydia pneumoniae, determined by a microimmunofluorescence test with specific antigen (TW-183). Other serological studies against Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, influenza virus type A and B, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were negative. Sputum culture gave a positive result for Haemophilus influenzae, colony forming units (cfu) = 10(4).ml-1 in the grandmother. No serum positivity was recorded in the mother and younger son, who remained asymptomatic. All symptomatic patients were successfully treated with macrolides. Family B consisted of mother (aged 63 yrs) and daughter (aged 36 yrs). Both suffered from Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia. Diagnosis was made by means of serological microimmunofluorescence test, and direct identification using an indirect immunofluorescence test on pharyngeal swab. Sputum culture and other serological tests remained negative. Both patients were successfully treated with macrolides. These observations emphasize the relevance of Chlamydia pneumoniae in family cluster respiratory infections.
 ...
PMID:Two family outbreaks of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. 814 7

Forty-nine 5-week-old chickens were inoculated by the intravenous (i.v.), intratracheal (IT), or intranasal (IN) routes with either a chicken-origin or one of two duck-origin type A influenza virus isolates. Twelve control chickens were inoculated with sterile chorioallantoic fluid. For all viruses, i.v. inoculation produced predominate lesions of renal tubule necrosis (nephrosis) and nephritis, and influenza virus nucleoprotein was localized in nuclei and cytoplasm of necrotic renal tubule epithelium. Chickens inoculated by the IT route, and to a lesser extent the IN route, had mild to severe tracheitis, bronchitis, and ventromedial pneumonia associated with secondary bronchi but lacked renal tubule necrosis and nephritis. These data indicate low-virulence avian-origin influenza viruses were nephrotropic during simulated systemic infection (i.v. inoculation) and pneumotropic during simulated local infection (IT and IN inoculation). Gross and histologic kidney lesions produced by i.v. inoculation of the chicken-origin influenza virus were similar to changes reported in outbreaks of low-virulence influenza virus in laying chickens.
 ...
PMID:Comparative pathology of a chicken-origin and two duck-origin influenza virus isolates in chickens: the effect of route of inoculation. 820 87

The main occupational hazards in hydrolysis yeast industry of Uzbekistan are protein dust, fungi producers, adverse physical factors. Morbidity of factory workers is higher than in control group (office employees). Infectious diseases of upper respiratory tract, influenza, bronchitis, broncho-tracheitis are prevalent in this factory.
 ...
PMID:[Working conditions and morbidity in workers of hydrolysis yeast industry in the Uzbekistan Republic]. 822 87

In the autumn of 1979 a severe influenza epizootic started among camels in Mongolia (Lvov et al., 1982; Viprosi Virusol. 27, 401-405.) Between 1980 and 1983 13 independent isolates of H1N1 viruses were obtained from diseased camels, which were virtually indistinguishable from the human A/USSR/90/77 strain by serological means. Two hundred and seventy-one samples of camel sera collected between 1978 and 1983 contained antibodies against the human A/USSR/90/77 isolate. After experimental infection of camels with some of these isolates, the animals developed similar symptoms as those found during natural infection: coughing, bronchitis, fever, discharge from nose and eyes. A genetic sequence analysis revealed that among the eight segments (genes) the PB1, HA, and NA genes were almost identical with allelic genes of the USSR/77 strain, and the PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS genes were almost identical with those of the A/PR/8/34 strain.
 ...
PMID:A reassortant H1N1 influenza A virus caused fatal epizootics among camels in Mongolia. 824 79

The relationship of peripheral blood leukocyte count to respiratory symptoms was explored in data from the Second Annual National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES II). The study sample consisted of 9237 white and nonwhite US adults between the ages of 30 and 74 years. Three respiratory symptom outcomes were utilized: physician-diagnosed chronic cough and chronic bronchitis and self-reported frequent wheeze apart from colds or flu in the past 12 months. Peripheral blood leukocyte counts were performed using a Coulter counter, model FN. Logistic regression analysis was performed for each of the three respiratory symptom outcomes controlling for age, race, gender, and cigarette-years of smoke exposure. The peripheral blood leukocyte count was a significant predictor for each symptom. For a standard deviation increase in the log leukocyte count, the relative odds of wheezing was 1.93 (95% confidence level [CI], 1.47 to 2.52); for chronic cough, 2.29 (95% CI, 1.74 to 3.00); and for bronchitis, 2.44 (95% CI, 1.77 to 3.35). Analyses restricted to never smokers gave similar results. These data suggest that peripheral blood leukocyte count correlates with respiratory symptoms and are consistent with the hypothesis that the leukocyte count is a serum marker of inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral blood leukocyte count and respiratory symptoms. 828 57

During a 16-month period patients who presented to the Syracuse University Health Center with upper respiratory complaints had throat swabs obtained for viral, streptococcal and Mycoplasma pneumoniae cultures. Thirty-five of 613 patients (5.7%) had herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolated. All but 2 of the HSV isolates were found to be type 1 by immunofluorescent staining. Two HSV-positive patients also grew Group A Streptococcus, one grew M. pneumoniae and three had serum heterophile antibody tests that were positive. On physical examination 25 of the 35 HSV-positive patients had pharyngeal erythema and 14 had pharyngeal exudate. Twelve of these patients had vesicular lesions of the lips, throat or gums associated with their other symptoms. For 29 of the 35 HSV-positive students the primary diagnosis assigned was pharyngitis, for 2 the diagnosis was stomatitis and the remainder were assigned a primary diagnosis of upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, bronchitis or dental infection. Thirty-two of the 35 HSV-positive patients were treated with oral antibiotics and 7 were treated with oral or topical acyclovir. During the same 16-month period 89 (6.9%) of 1297 students presenting with sore throat were culture-positive for influenza A or B, 30 (2.3%) of 1283 were culture-positive for M. pneumoniae and 169 (2.8%) of the 6016 cultured for Group A Streptococcus were positive. Serum was tested for heterophile antibody in 2438 students, and 257 (10.5%) were positive. Herpes simplex virus is associated with pharyngeal symptoms in college students, and herpes simplex pharyngitis cannot easily be distinguished clinically from other causes of acute pharyngitis in this age group.
 ...
PMID:Pharyngitis associated with herpes simplex virus in college students. 838 78

The genomic RNA of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus contains an efficient ribosomal frameshift signal which comprises a heptanucleotide slippery sequence followed by an RNA pseudoknot structure. The presence of the pseudoknot is essential for high-efficiency frameshifting, and it has been suggested that its function may be to slow or stall the ribosome in the vicinity of the slippery sequence. To test this possibility, we have studied translational elongation in vitro on mRNAs engineered to contain a well-defined pseudoknot-forming sequence. Insertion of the pseudoknot at a specific location within the influenza virus PB1 mRNA resulted in the production of a new translational intermediate corresponding to the size expected for ribosomal arrest at the pseudoknot. The appearance of this protein was transient, indicating that it was a true paused intermediate rather than a dead-end product, and mutational analysis confirmed that its appearance was dependent on the presence of a pseudoknot structure within the mRNA. These observations raise the possibility that a pause is required for the frameshift process. The extent of pausing at the pseudoknot was compared with that observed at a sequence designed to form a simple stem-loop structure with the same base pairs as the pseudoknot. This structure proved to be a less effective barrier to the elongating ribosome than the pseudoknot and in addition was unable to direct efficient ribosomal frameshifting, as would be expected if pausing plays an important role in frameshifting. However, the stem-loop was still able to induce significant pausing, and so this effect alone may be insufficient to account for the contribution of the pseudoknot to frameshifting.
 ...
PMID:Ribosomal pausing during translation of an RNA pseudoknot. 841 85

Under an influenza surveillance initiated in Pune, India, 2 or 3 dispensaries and small hospitals where patients with acute respiratory disease (ARD) sought medical assistance were chosen for regular weekly visits to collect a sufficient number of specimens. A case of ARD included individuals with the following conditions: common cold, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or bronchopneumonia. During the period of surveillance of 1978-90, more than 10,000 cases of ARD among various age groups were investigated. The majority of cases were in children and infants. Most of the patients were seen during investigations of 16 outbreaks of influenza. Generally, the cases presented with 2 or 3 symptoms of respiratory disease and 1 or 2 systemic manifestations. Throat and nasal swabs were collected from ARD cases during the acute phase of their illness (1-4 days). Throat/nasal swabs were taken from over 10,000 ARD cases. About 80% of these specimens were cultivated for influenza virus in embryonated chicken eggs (9-11 days' old) and about 39% in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell culture (MDCK) with crystalline trypsin. Several variants of influenza virus types A and B were isolated during the 16 outbreaks including these variant strains: A/USSR/77 (H1N1) in 1978; A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1) in 1986; and B/Yamagata/16/88-like in 1990. A total of 290 influenza virus isolates comprising several variants of influenza type A (H3N2) and A (H1N1) and type B were isolated. The variant strains of influenza type A (H1N1), type A (H3N2), and type B circulated regularly either every year or in alternate years. 181 of 290 of the influenza isolates were from children aged 10 years. Analysis of the isolates showed that 174 were from the rainy months of July, August, and September, and the maximum number of 93 occurred in July. Of the 16 outbreaks of influenza, 10 occurred in the rainy season, 3 in the hot season, 1 in the cool season, and 2 in February and March.
 ...
PMID:Influenza surveillance in Pune, India, 1978-90. 849 Sep 80

In the nursing home belonging to our hospital, an outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) occurred in January 1995, and we studied 23 elderly residents with influenza A infection. Twenty three residents with influenza A (8 males and 15 females) ranged in age from 67 to 95 years (average 83.1 years), 91.3% of them were bedridden. And all had underlying medical conditions with neurologic, cardiac, orthopedic, being the most frequent. The most common complaints were fever (100%), followed by cough (95.7%), sputum (60.9%), but sore throat was significantly less frequent. Influenza A virus was isolated from throat swab specimens from 6 of 18 ill patients. Fourteen persons were hospitalized and 2 of them had pneumonia, but nobody died. The levels of CRP, WBC were significantly high in the influenza group, as compared to the non influenza group. So this result suggested that influenza A infection among elderly subjects was apt to cause bacterial infection such as bronchitis and pneumonia. This outbreak was caused by contact from the staff to residents, so we think the health care of the staffs and prevention of influenza should be a high priority in nursing homes.
 ...
PMID:[An outbreak of influenza A (H3N2) in a nursing home]. 869 92


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>