Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0006277 (bronchitis)
 6,338 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two experiments were performed to study the effect of an oxfendazole pulse release intraruminal device (OPRB) on the development of lungworm infection and immunity in calves. Infections were monitored in OPRB-treated and control calves by faecal and pastural larval counts. Levels of immunity of grazing groups and helminth-free housed groups were compared by challenge infection. Even though signs of parasitic bronchitis were seen only in control animals, sufficient immunity had developed in OPRB-treated calves to prevent disease after a substantial challenge infection. However, the degree of immunity was less than in untreated grazing control groups and there were indications that it was related to initial infection levels. These results imply that the OPRB may successfully control parasitic bronchitis, provided that pasture larval infections are sufficient to allow the development of immunity.
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PMID:Immunity of calves treated with an oxfendazole pulse release bolus to challenge with Dictyocaulus viviparus. 214 96

We compared safety and efficacy of ciprofloxacin and cefaclor in the treatment of patients with purulent bronchitis. Fifty-five patients were randomized prospectively to receive ciprofloxacin with a dose of 500 mg orally twice daily or cefaclor 250 mg over 8 hr for 5 days or longer. Patient groups did not differ with respect to age, duration of illness, severity of infection, or number of other concomitant disease states. A significantly larger number of patients in the ciprofloxacin group had poor health status (39.3% vs 7.4% for the ciprofloxacin and cefaclor groups, respectively, p = 0.02). The response to therapy did not differ between groups. Infection was completely resolved in 71.4% vs 66.7% and markedly improved in 7.1% and 11.1% for the ciprofloxacin and cefaclor groups, respectively. The response to therapy and adverse reaction rate did not differ between groups. Seven patients treated with ciprofloxacin and five patients treated with cefaclor developed adverse reactions. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is a useful agent for the treatment of purulent bronchitis.
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PMID:Prospective randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin with cefaclor in the treatment of patients with purulent bronchitis. 219 49

The efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin therapy (200 mg 12-hourly) followed, when appropriate, by oral administration of the same dose was evaluated in an open multicentre trial involving 185 patients in 31 French hospitals. Dosage adjustment was made for patients in renal failure. Infection was hospital-acquired in 35 cases, 53 patients required admission to an intensive care unit. The infections comprised septicaemia (n = 56), pneumonia (n = 18), bronchitis (n = 10), urinary tract (n = 78), female pelvis (n = 8), bone and joint (n = 5), skin and soft tissues (n = 10). The causative pathogens were: Staphylococcus spp. (n = 23), Streptococcus spp. (n = 11), Escherichia coli (n = 85), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 9), Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Serratia spp. (n = 21), Salmonella spp. (n = 22), Chlamydia spp. (n = 3), Legionella spp. (n = 1), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 1) and miscellaneous Gram-negative bacilli (n = 17). All were ofloxacin-susceptible. Mean duration of therapy was 8.06 ( +/- 2.6) days for the i.v. and 14.8 ( +/- 14.39) days for the oral preparation. Clinical cure was achieved in 173 patients (93.5%). It is concluded that iv ofloxacin is an effective treatment for a range of infections due to susceptible organisms.
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PMID:Efficacy of intravenous ofloxacin: a French multicentre trial in 185 patients. 228 86

During the first nine months of 1987, the bacteriological and virological tests as well as the indirect fluorescence test to Legionella pneumophila were performed in 40 children with bronchopneumonia (one- or both-sided) or pleuropneumonia and in 10 children with protracted bronchitis. In a 15 month old boy we have proved (by titer dynamics) the infection with Legionella pneumophila serotype 5, and in a 15 month old girl and in a 16 month old boy serotype 1. The infection was sporadic and the possible source of infection was unknown. The course of the disease was not wasting and the infection was accompanied with fever. The patients had an increased sedimentation rate of red cells and leukocytosis. All the other laboratory findings were within normal limits. In seven children seropositiveness 1:256 to Legionella pneumophila serotype 1, and in two children an increased titer to adenovirus was proved. The high titer to Legionella pneumophila in those seven children indicates an early contact with the causal agent. The patients were successfully treated with cefuroxim, which is not the drug of choice. Infection due to Legionella pneumophila in children does not exhibit a clinical or laboratory characteristic features that differ from those of the other respiratory diseases in children. It means that Legionnaires' disease in children with intact immunity is not the wasting illness. We stress the importance of using serologic examination to Legionella pneumophila as a routine procedure in the aetiological diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease in children]. 279 76

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are the most important causes of acute lower respiratory illness (LRI) in infants and children under 6 years of age. These enveloped viruses are members of the paramyxovirus family. They infect cells in the epithelium lining the trachea and intrapulmonary airways, and cause croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and bronchopneumonia. RSV causes annual midwinter to early spring outbreaks of respiratory disease in temperate climates; epidemics are heralded by the appearance of increased numbers of cases of bronchiolitis, primarily in children under 2 years of age. PIV serotypes 1 and 2 cause epidemics of croup in the fall months. Infections with PIV serotype 3 can occur in an endemic pattern throughout the year, or may occur as outbreaks, usually in the fall or spring. Croup and bronchiolitis are the most common syndromes of PIV-3 LRI. Infection with these viruses induces short-lived partial resistance to reinfection, but the human host remains susceptible to reinfection with these agents throughout life. While antibody in respiratory secretions is related most directly to resistance to reinfection, cell-mediated immune responses are crucial for limitation and termination of established infection. Current research efforts are directed at more thorough characterization of the developing host immune response to individual viral antigens, and to development of methods for immunization using specific virion peptides. Recently, antiviral therapy has become available for serious RSV infection in young infants.
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PMID:Pulmonary infections with respiratory syncytial virus and the parainfluenza viruses. 282 80

In an open clinical trial, out-patients with respiratory tract infections were given 200 mg ofloxacin b. i. d. orally. 36 had acute bronchitis and pneumonia was diagnosed in 44. The average duration of therapy was nine days for bronchitis and 12 days for pneumonia. In the sputum of bronchitis patients, Haemophilus influenzae (n = 25), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 18), Branhamella catarrhalis (n = 2) and Pasteurella multocida (n = 1) were isolated. 17 H. influenzae and 12 S. pneumoniae were eliminated. All 20 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with pneumonia were eliminated. A cure or improvement of clinical symptoms was seen in 32 of 36 cases of bronchitis and in 33 of 44 cases of pneumonia treated with ofloxacin.
Infection 1986
PMID:[Respiratory tract infections--clinical results with ofloxacin]. 351 72

Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients on dialysis were studied in 122 cases. The greatest number of cases was in the 50-59 year-old group among males and in the 60-69 year-old group among females. Infection was the most frequent cause of death (39.3%), followed by bleeding (23.5%). The total number of patients with infections and bleeding was 68 cases (55.7%) and 39 cases (32.0%), respectively. Pneumonia and bronchitis were the most frequent (27.0%) in cases with infections and gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent (21.3%) in cases with bleeding. The incidence of tuberculosis (16.4%) as a complication was high.
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PMID:Autopsy findings in chronic pyelonephritis patients under dialysis--collected from the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan. 383 5

Infection of cells with the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus results in the synthesis of five major subgenomic RNAs. These RNAs and the viral genome form a 3' coterminal nested set. We found that the rates of inactivation of synthesis of the RNAs by UV light were different and increased with the length of the transcript. These results show that each RNA is transcribed from a unique promoter and that extensive processing of the primary transcripts probably does not occur.
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PMID:Synthesis of coronavirus mRNAs: kinetics of inactivation of infectious bronchitis virus RNA synthesis by UV light. 628 82

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a fixed combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in 33 patients with chronic or recurrent respiratory tract infections (R.T.I.), mainly bronchitis. In two patients bronchopneumonia was diagnosed, and in one cystic fibrosis. The patients were treated with 750 mg of the drug combination (500 mg amoxicillin/250 mg clavulanic acid) t. i. d. for seven or ten days. Good clinical success was obtained in 17 patients and a clear improvement in another eight. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Haemophilus influenzae; of the 22 strains isolated, 20 were resistant to 2 mg/l amoxicillin but sensitive to the combination of 2 mg/l amoxicillin and 1 mg/l clavulanic acid. Side-effects were reported in nine patients; two patients discontinued treatment for this reason. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is a useful therapeutic addition to the existing forms of treatment for amoxicillin-resistant respiratory tract infections.
Infection 1981
PMID:A combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by amoxicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae. 702 35

Selected events in rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway can be regarded as occurring sequentially. Initial steps in rhinovirus pathogenesis are believed to include viral entry into the nose, mucociliary transport of virus to the posterior pharynx, and initiation of infection in ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells of the upper airway. Viral replication peaks on average within 48 h of initiation of infection and persists for up to 3 wk. Infection is followed by activation of several inflammatory mechanisms, which may include release or generation of interleukins, bradykinins, prostaglandins, and possibly histamine and stimulation of parasympathetic reflexes. Pathophysiologic processes are initiated, which include vasodilatation of nasal blood vessels, transudation of plasma, glandular secretion, and stimulation of nerve fibers, causing pain and triggering sneeze and cough reflexes. The resultant clinical illness is a rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, and bronchitis, which, on average, lasts 1 wk.
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PMID:Rhinovirus infection of the normal human airway. 755 10


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