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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 66-year-old woman with left breast cancer (medullary carcinoma; T1cN1M0; Stage II A) was treated with breast conserving therapy combined with lumpectomy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy beginning in March, 1990. She complained of back pain and was diagnosed as having bone metastasis to the lower thoracic spine by bone scintigram and MRI examination in September, 1990. Oral administration of UFT (300 mg/day) was started, and 5 months later, back pain disappeared; nineteen months later, no definite findings of bone metastasis were observed on bone scintigram and MRI. It was concluded that long-term oral administration of UFT is an effective remedy for bone metastasis after breast conserving therapy for breast cancer.
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PMID:[A case report of bone metastasis diagnosed by MRI and effectively treated with UFT after breast conserving therapy for breast cancer]. 144 93

Forty women with breast cancer underwent imaging by internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy (IMLS), which was correlated with the results of CT and MRI of the chest. IMLS was performed and interpreted using the previously described methods of Ege. It identified 22 instances of ipsilateral internal mammary nodal involvement, none of which corresponded to cases of abnormally enlarged (diameter greater than 1.0 cm) internal mammary nodes on CT and/or MRI. Positive IMLS was associated with axillary nodal metastases in 15 out of 22 instances. The authors conclude that IMLS provides information on regional nodal spread of breast cancer that is not available with either CT/MRI imaging or axillary biopsy.
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PMID:Imaging of regional spread of breast cancer by internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy, CT, and MRI. 161 43

The authors report two cases of intradural metastasis: a man with bronchopulmonary cancer suffering from left L5 sciatic pain and a woman with breast cancer whose examination shows motor weakness of both legs. CT was negative in the first case. Gadolinium injection on T1 sequence shows in the first case small nodular lesions along the roots of cauda equina and in the second case linear enhancements around the spine, at different levels. These aspects are the most frequently reported. MRI is an innocuous and the most sensitive technic for such lesions. An early diagnosis improves the functional prognosis. Despite of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, vital prognosis remains bad because of widespread of the intradural lesions and their frequent association with cerebral metastasis.
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PMID:[Intradural metastases of visceral cancers. MRI aspects. Apropos of 2 cases]. 175 63

MR imaging was employed for the identification and tissue characterization of nodular lesions in the breast. The study had poor outcome, but the clinical introduction of a paramagnetic contrast medium, Gd-DTPA, allowed better results to be obtained. This study was aimed at evaluating the possibilities of Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI in differentiating benign from malignant breast nodules and in staging cancer. Final diagnosis was made by means of either histology, in the patients who underwent surgery, or cytology. Sixty-one patients with nodules at mammography and US were examined with MRI. The results of US, mammography, and MRI were blindly evaluated and proved that combined mammography and US, together with Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI, correctly identified all nodular lesions. Moreover, enhanced MRI allowed benign lesions to be distinguished from malignant nodules. MRI with Gd-DTPA correctly assessed both T parameter and pectoral muscle infiltration. MRI cannot replace mammography, which is a quick and inexpensive examination, but it should be performed as an adjunct in the cases of questionable radiographic and US findings and to stage breast cancer.
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PMID:[Dynamic imaging with magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of breast disease]. 176 46

Detection of early breast cancer utilizing mammography can be accomplished through more frequent and earlier use of the test as well as exploring techniques to improve sensitivity and specificity. Efforts at educating primary care physicians about the role of mammography as well as training technologists and radiologists in performing optimum examinations and correctly interpreting them is of prime importance. The use of computers may aid in increasing the sensitivity of the examinations and may also provide improved feature analysis for the radiologist, thus enhancing the separation of benign and malignant disease. New technologies also show promise to improve the accuracy of mammography. Direct digital mammography and digital enhancement of standard mammograms are actively being investigated. The use of MRI and specifically 31P spectroscopy shows initial promise to increase the specificity of mammography. Several clinical trials are also under way to assess a possible niche which fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) may occupy in the quest for early breast cancer detection. Any future collaborative work between Japan and Western countries should take into account the potential of these new methods for improving the sensitivity and specificity of mammography.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991 May
PMID:Early detection of breast cancer: mammography. 187 45

Brain metastases are frequent, accounting for 20% of all brain tumours. The most common primary tumours responsible for brain metastases are lung cancer in man and breast cancer in women. Most metastases are located at the grey matter-white matter junction, in junctional vascular territories and in the rolandic region. Although non-specific, MRI is the most sensitive neuroradiological method for the lesions, especially when accompanied by gadolinium injection. MRI must absolutely be performed before surgical treatment, as gadolinium might detect other metastatic lesions or show metastatic tumours so small that they were not visible at computerized tomography (CT).
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PMID:Brain metastases. 191 82

In the diagnosis of clinically inapparent breast cancer, mammography remains the most effective imaging modality, which is due in large part to its ability to detect microcalcifications. Of the ancillary modalities, sonography is the most useful because it readily differentiates cysts from other breast lesions. Internal mammary and axillary node imaging have been tried with varying levels of success, but false-positive and false-negative rates remain high with available techniques. Pulmonary metastases are best evaluated by chest X-ray with specificity increased by other imaging techniques. Liver and bone metastases may be screened for with isotope scans with computerized tomography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging, increasing the specificity of abnormal scans. CT and MRI are the most effective tools for evaluating CNS disease.
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PMID:Imaging techniques in breast cancer. 265 74

We believe that the preponderance of evidence suggests that MRI is less accurate than conventional mammography in the diagnosis of primary cancer of the breast. Thus, it currently has no established place in algorithms for the evaluation of patients suspected of having breast cancer. MRI could be used to evaluate masses with mammographically smooth, well-defined margins, since high signal intensity (greater than fat) in a T2-weighted image is a highly specific indicator of benignancy in such lesions. However, most of these masses are cysts and can be reliably and less expensively identified as such by sonography. Nonetheless, MRI might be used to re-evaluate a smooth, well-defined mass if sonography has failed to identify the lesion as a cyst. MRI might be particularly useful in this regard if a lesion is difficult to evaluate by other modalities because it is located adjacent to the chest wall, is deep within a very large breast, or is obscured by a breast prosthesis. MRI with Gd-DTPA may be useful in evaluating radiographically dense breasts or in differentiating breast malignancies from irregular dysplastic or scar tissue. However, further investigation of this technique is needed. It has been hoped that in vivo measurement of T1 and T2 or in vivo NMR spectroscopy might improve the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis of cancer of the breast. However, there is currently no credible evidence that in vivo measurements of relaxation times provide useful indexes for the diagnosis of breast cancer. In vivo NMR spectroscopy of nuclei other than P may ultimately provide reliable criteria for noninvasive diagnosis of breast cancer in humans, but the technique is currently in its infancy.
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PMID:Nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of breast cancer. 328 40

The diagnosis of breast cancer is primarily based on X-ray mammography. Under optimal conditions, a sensitivity of approximately 90% can be achieved. When strict criteria of indication are observed for the additional use of ultrasound or contrast-enhanced MRI, the sensitivity can be increased to about 98%. In addition, the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lesions can be improved and the rate of biopsies due to false-positive mammograms can be reduced. However, further investigation with ultrasound or MRI of dense or mastopathic breasts that are clinically asymptomatic is not indicated, since it reduces specificity without significant gain of sensitivity.
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PMID:[Imaging methods in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast cancer]. 749 12

A 49-year-old woman was admitted to Utsunomiya Saiseikai hospital complaining of right breast swelling. There was half a year history of difficulty in walking. A diagnosis of breast cancer was made by biopsy. Neurological examination revealed scanning speech, nystagmus, intention tremor and ataxic gait, but brain CT scan and MRI showed neither metastatic, invasive lesions nor atrophy in the brain. Lumpectomy for breast cancer was performed. For immunocytochemical studies, the cytoplasm of neurons in sections of normal human cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia were stained by the patient's serum, but glial cells were not. Upon Western blot, the patient's serum reacted with a 40-kDa protein in extracts of both cerebrum and cerebellum obtained from normal rats. A diagnosis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) was made on the basis of clinical manifestations and detection of the antineuronal antibody. The antibody accompanying the breast cancer which stained neuronal cytoplasm and bound to a 40-kDa protein may be a subtype of antibody causing PCD.
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PMID:[Antineuronal autoantibody to a 40-kDa protein in a patient with cerebellar ataxia and breast cancer]. 761 51


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