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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

US findings of 81 patients with breast cancer were analyzed respectively to evaluate the usefulness of US in the preoperative diagnosis of internal mammary mode metastases. The internal mammary area (I.M.A.) in which internal mammary nodes lie was shown as a hypoechoic stripe in a sagittal scan along the sternum and as a triangular or spindle-shaped hypoechoic area in a transverse scan in the intercostal space. The US features of each I.M.A. in the first three intercostal spaces were divided into three patterns: Pattern-A wad defined as widening of the ipsilateral side of the I.M.A. compared with the contralateral side; Pattern-C was defined as normal at both sides of the I.M.A. Pathological examination confirmed the node metastases in 85.7% of intercostal scans showing Pattern-A and in 35% of intercostal scans showing Pattern-B. Only one of 189 intercostal scans showing Pattern-C had nodal metastases. The overall accuracy was 88.1% in 243 intercostal scans and 90.1% in 81 patients. We conclude that US is useful in the detection of internal mammary node metastases in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:[Preoperative diagnosis of internal mammary node metastases in patients with breast cancer by using ultrasonography]. 143 96

In view of the morbidity and potential mortality associated with routine post-operative lymph node radiotherapy in women with early stage breast cancer, an attempt has been made to select patients in whom radiotherapy can be withheld. Three hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients treated wide local excision plus or minus axillary surgery have been evaluated. Only 20% were subsequently given radiotherapy to regional nodes. Relapse in the axilla, the supraclavicular fossa or at both these sites have occurred in 16 patients so far, 12 of whom were successfully treated. Systemic relapse was seen in eight of these patients occurring with one exception before or within 3 months of node relapse. Only four have persisting symptoms as a result of nodal relapse. So far, a policy involving selective lymphatic radiotherapy in women treated for early breast cancer appears justified.
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PMID:Selective avoidance of lymphatic radiotherapy in the conservative management of early breast cancer. 143 38

The influence of various patient and disease-related parameters on survival (S) and disease-free survival (DFS) in 217 node positive primary breast cancer patients treated with surgery followed by adjuvant i.v. cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Five year actuarial S and DFS were 73.3% and 54.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that patient age, number of involved axillary nodes and ER status had a significant impact on both S and DFS. PgR positive tumors had improved DFS but no S difference was observed. Menopausal status predicted S but not DFS. Primary tumor size and CMF-induced amenorrhea did not predict disease outcome. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only degree of nodal involvement and PgR status had independent significant impact on prognosis. Both S and DFS are significantly influenced by the number of involved nodes, whereas improved DFS but not S was evident in patients with PgR positive tumors.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in node positive primary breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant CMF. 144 21

Since 1982 we have been evaluating oestrogen and progesterone receptors (PgR), cathepsin D and the cytosolic levels of the tumour marker, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), in 257 patients radically resected for breast cancer (follow-up 24-81 months). TPA was measured by an immunoradiometric assay previously validated for cytosol. No significant associations were found between cytosolic TPA and age, tumour size, lymph-node status, receptor status and cathepsin D. TPA+ cases showed a significantly longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than TPA-patients (log-rank P < 0.0001). The prognostic value of cytosolic TPA was also demonstrated after stratification by nodal status, PgR and cathepsin D. The prognostic value of TPA was independent of the other prognostic indicators, being the most powerful among the evaluated indices (Cox multivariate analysis: chi 2 15.5 for DFS, 11.4 for OS). We conclude that cytosolic TPA is a powerful additional prognostic factor in primary breast cancer. Its prognostic role should therefore be extensively evaluated.
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PMID:Tissue polypeptide antigen in breast cancer cytosol: a new effective prognostic indicator. 144 48

Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes may be an important aetiological factor in many human cancers including breast. In a study of 197 breast cancer patients, tumour tissue was snap-frozen at the time of surgery and immunohistochemical labelling for p53 protein and retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product carried out using an indirect immunohistochemical technique. Tumours were scored by two independent observers for the intensity of nuclear staining for each antibody. Expression of p53 protein showed a significant association with a shorter time to relapse (P = 0.03) and death (P = 0.02) (log rank test). p53 expression did not correlate with nodal status but showed a significant association with high tumour grade (P = 0.001). Rb gene expression showed no relationship to relapse or survival but loss of expression showed a significant correlation with positive lymph node status. The manner by which these proteins might act to determine tumour behaviour remains to be established.
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PMID:Retinoblastoma and p53 gene expression related to relapse and survival in human breast cancer: an immunohistochemical study. 145 67

The transforming growth factor beta s (TGF-beta) comprise a family of M(r) 25,000 pluripotent growth factors which have been implicated in the development and progression of human breast cancer. Conflicting data suggest that TGF-beta has the potential to either inhibit or promote the progression of mammary neoplasia. We therefore examined a pathological library of malignant breast biopsy specimens to determine the prevalence and distribution of immunoreactivity with antibodies specific for the three mammalian isoforms of TGF-beta (beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3). We found that intense staining for TGF-beta 1 was positively associated with rate of disease progression, and that this was independent of age, stage, nodal status, or estrogen receptor status (P = 0.009).
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PMID:Immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor beta 1 associates with disease progression in human breast cancer. 145 85

The natural history of breast cancer is complex and the treatment modalities need to be adjusted to this heterogeneous disease. Several prognostic indicators have been described for breast cancer, including the extent of axillary nodal metastasis, the size of the primary tumor mass, various histopathologic characteristics, estrogen and progesterone receptor content, tumor proliferation index, detection of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, loss of heterozygosity, and growth factors. Although no single parameter or combination of parameters can definitively predict the outcome of the disease, combined criteria such as tumor estrogen receptor content, cell proliferative index, and lymph node status are relevant for identifying subsets of breast cancer patients that may require different therapeutic modalities. Detection of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factors need further evaluation to determine their usefulness as prognostic factors.
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PMID:The pathology of breast cancer: staging and prognostic indicators. 146 Feb 23

Immunohistochemical staining with a novel monoclonal antibody, KiS1, which recognizes a cell cycle-associated antigen, was investigated in 142 cases of stage I and II invasive breast carcinoma. KiS1 staining indices were compared with disease-free interval, overall survival, and post-relapse survival. Using a semi-quantitative method of assessment, we found that tumours with a high level of staining (34/142, 24 per cent) had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a low level of staining (108/142, 76 per cent). Significant correlations were found between KiS1 staining and disease-free interval (P < 0.001), overall survival (P < 0.001), and post-relapse survival (P = 0.008). A more time-consuming, quantitative method of assessment gave similar results. Cox multivariate analysis showed these results to be independent of nodal status, histological type, and grade of tumour (P = 0.01). We conclude that KiS1 is a valuable new antibody which affords useful prognostic information in breast carcinoma. As it can be used in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, it may be of particular use in the study of small lesions such as those identified in the Breast Cancer Screening Programme.
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PMID:KiS1--a novel monoclonal antibody which recognizes proliferating cells: evaluation of its relationship to prognosis in mammary carcinoma. 146 May 35

We reviewed the charts of 14 patients with epidermoid breast carcinoma, whether pure or associated with a minor glandular component. These patients were treated between 1970 and 1989 at the Institut Curie and represented 0.06% of all breast cancer patients treated during the same period. No clinical or radiological criteria could help to discriminate these forms from other types of breast cancer. Four out of 13 patients with initial axillary node dissection had nodal involvement. Various combinations of surgery and radiotherapy were used to treat these patients. One out of 14 hormone receptor levels was positive. Median survival was 54 months (9 months-144 months). Two patients had a local recurrence and 7 had metastasis. No event occurred beyond 5 years of follow-up. This suggest that the outcome of epidermoid breast tumors is closer to that of other epidermoid tumors, rather than to other types of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Primary epidermoid carcinoma of the breast. Clinical, histopathologic and prognostic study of 14 patients]. 146 94

Pathological investigations for intramammary spread of breast cancer of 205 partially resected specimens were performed by making continuous section every 5 mm width of the whole specimen. The materials were 167 quadrantectomized and 38 lumpectomized specimens. The results showed that the margin of 15.6% of quadrantectomized and 28.9% of lumpectomized specimens were positive for cancer, main causes of which were intraductal spread of cancer occupying 65% of positive margin in quadrantectomy and 91% in lumpectomy, multiple cancer, interstitial spread of cancer and so on. Multiple cancers were found in eleven (6.6%) quadrantectomized and in one (2.6%) lumpectomized specimens. Second cancers were 11 noninvasive ductal and 3 invasive cancers, including two triple cancers. Fifteen cases of quadrantectomy and 4 of lumpectomy were changed to be mastectomized because of positive margin or nodal involvements. Radiotherapy was performed for 33 cases. The median 31 months follow-up results of 186 partially mastectomized breast in 184 patients were as follows; one local recurrence in lumpectomy, two new cancers in residual breast, two distant metastases and one death for other cause of death. Quadrantectomy plus axillary dissection without radiotherapy assured of pathological complete resection was safe enough at the present.
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PMID:[The spread of breast cancer and indications of breast preserving operation]. 147 Jan 41


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