Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Second primary cancers were studied in persons with rare tumors between 1943 and 1980. The risk of developing a new cancer was evaluated in 7,211 persons with cutaneous melanoma, 1,784 persons with eye cancer, 10,273 persons with tumors of the brain and nervous system, 1,935 persons with thyroid cancer, 1,542 persons with bone tumors, and 2,318 persons with malignant neoplasms of the connective tissue. All cancer patients were diagnosed in Denmark between 1943 and 1980 and survived for 2 or more months. Nonmelanoma skin cancers were excluded from the analysis, whereas tumors of the brain and nervous system included both benign and malignant neoplasms. Overall, patients with these cancers showed no greater incidence of new tumors than expected from comparisons with the general population. An excess of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was observed subsequent to all cancers derived from the neural tube, i.e., melanoma and tumors of the eye, brain, and nervous system. Bone cancer occurred excessively, although the possibility of misclassified metastases could not be eliminated. Patients with tumors of the brain and nervous system who survived for 10 or more years developed significantly more cancers of the kidney and connective tissue and melanoma than anticipated. A deficit of second cancers of the digestive system was noted after primary bone and connective tissue cancers, in contrast to an excess of second cancers of the lung and kidney. Although based on few cases, patients with bone cancer showed a large excess of eye cancer as a second primary. The association between cancers of the breast and connective tissue was found to be bidirectional. Persons with connective tissue cancer were at increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thyroid cancer patients were at high risk of subsequent tumors of the brain and nervous tissue and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, contrary to previous reports, the risk of breast cancer was not elevated following thyroid cancer.
 ...
PMID:Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the brain, thyroid, connective tissue, bone, and eye in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 10

In Denmark, approximately 5% of all malignant neoplasms occur within the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. Between 1943 and 1980, 23,367 persons with these diseases fulfilled the criteria for entering the study. The risk of developing a second primary cancer was significantly increased only after Hodgkin's disease [relative risk (RR) = 1.6], whereas no increase was found after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [(NHL); RR = 1.0] or leukemia (RR = 1.1), and a significant deficit occurred after multiple myeloma (RR = 0.8). All initial cancer sites showed a higher incidence of second primary cancers among males than females. Significant elevated risks for acute non-lymphocytic leukemia occurred after Hodgkin's disease (RR = 17), NHL (3.8), and multiple myeloma (9.1). Among persons initially diagnosed with leukemia, NHL was significantly elevated (RR = 2.6). However, these RR should be regarded as minimum figures due to the likelihood of serious underreporting of second primary hematologic cancers in Denmark. The secondary leukemias were likely induced by the treatment of the first primary cancer (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), but common etiologies, misclassification, or progression of the initial cancer cannot be ruled out entirely. Other second primary cancers found to be above expectation following Hodgkin's disease were cancers of the pancreas, lung, and urinary bladder. The risk for bladder cancer increased with time, which suggested a causal relation to radiation or chemotherapy, or both. Cancers of the colon and rectum following NHL and female breast cancer following leukemia occurred below expectation and remain unexplained.
 ...
PMID:Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 11

Among 41,109 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1935 and 1982 in Connecticut, 3,984 developed a second cancer, whereas 2,426 were expected [relative risk (RR) = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.6-1.7]. This increased risk persisted for 30 years and was highest in women under 55 years of age at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Second primary breast cancers (RR = 3.0) accounted for almost one-half of all new neoplasms. However, if subsequent breast cancers were excluded, the risk for all other second cancers was only 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10-1.20), and no excess risk was seen among women over age 55 at initial breast cancer. Significant risks were found for cancers of the ovary (RR = 1.7) and uterine corpus (RR = 1.4), possibly linked with shared reproductive factors such as nulliparity or late age at menopause. Malignant melanoma (RR = 1.5), thyroid cancer (RR = 1.6), and colon cancer (RR = 1.2) were also significantly elevated; possible shared risk factors remain to be elucidated. Significant deficits of multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were noted. Women who received initial radiotherapy compared with those who did not were at slightly higher risk of developing a second cancer, most notably acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the esophagus, kidney, and connective tissue, although the nature of the associations was not always clear. Some of the soft tissue sarcomas were lymphangiosarcomas of the arm, a consequence of the lymphedema that may complicate radical mastectomy (Stewart-Treves syndrome). Women treated with radiation were at higher risk of developing a second breast neoplasm (RR = 3.9) than nonirradiated women (RR = 2.8). Further investigation should focus on the mechanisms underlying the relationships between breast, genital tract, and colon cancers, and on the effects of treatment modalities on the risk of subsequent neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the breast in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 15

We have conducted a broad phase II clinical trial of chlorozotocin in 74 patients including 28 with malignant melanoma, 18 with breast cancer, nine with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, six with nonseminomatous testicular cancer, five with ovarian cancer, four with sarcoma, three with non-beta islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas, and one with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. Objective responses were noted only in 15% of the patients with melanoma and in 11% of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Significant leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed only in previously treated patients. Chlorozotocin does not appear to offer clinically significant advantages over other currently available nitrosoureas.
 ...
PMID:Phase II trial of chlorozotocin in malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and other solid tumors. 621 Dec 31

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by peripheral blood monocytes was determined in 120 patients who had gastrointestinal tract (GIT), lung and breast cancer, melanoma, or Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results were expressed in terms of maximum cytotoxicity and cytotoxicity at E:T = 1:10 and were compared with the results obtained in 63 normal subjects. There was a significant decrease in maximal cytotoxicity for both the GIT cancer and the melanoma patient groups, but not for any of the other groups. These differences were not confirmed when results were expressed at low effector: target cell ratios, e.g., cytotoxicity at E:T = 1:10. The relationship between monocyte ADCC and disease extent was examined in those groups with sufficient numbers. Monocyte ADCC was higher in patients with GIT cancer of limited extent than in patients with extensive GIT cancer and in the control group.
 ...
PMID:Monocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in cancer patients. 656 79

4'-Epi-doxorubicin (4'e-Dx) was used as a single agent in a broad phase II study involving a variety of advanced metastatic tumors. A total of 115 patients were treated, of whom 93 were evaluable. The dosage was 75 mg/m2/cycle repeated every 21 days, with a maximal cumulative dose of 550 mg/m2. Nine responses were achieved in a total of 28 patients with breast cancer (32%). The response rate was 54% in breast cancer patients receiving 4'e-Dx as first-line treatment, 25% in patients previously given chemotherapy without doxorubicin, and 11% in patients previously given chemotherapy with doxorubicin. Some therapeutic activity was also detected in endometrial carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma, and skin epidermoid tumor, but the number of patients entered in the study with these various tumors was too limited to allow any statement on efficacy of 4'e-Dx. No treatment schedule with 4'e-Dx had to be interrupted because of toxicity. In a total of 373 evaluable cycles, only three acute reversible ECG abnormalities were recorded. In 16 of 109 evaluable patients there was some minor or moderate alteration of one or more of the three major blood cell parameters following 4'e-Dx therapy, requiring a postponement of the next cycle by less than or equal to 10 days.
 ...
PMID:Phase II clinical evaluation of 4'-epi-doxorubicin. 657 56

A phase II trial was conducted to determine the clinical activity of amsacrine (m-AMSA) in patients with heavily pretreated solid tumors, myeloma, and lymphoma at the University of Arizona Cancer Center. Additionally, m-AMSA was evaluated at other Southwest Oncology Group institutions in breast cancer, myeloma, melanoma, and oat cell cancer of the lung. At a dose of 120 mg/m2 given iv every 28 days, 12 partial responses were observed in 221 patients evaluable for response. Some antitumor activity was observed in breast cancer (four responses of 65 patients), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (three of nine), Hodgkin's disease (two of five), and sarcoma (two of 15). A partial response was also documented in one of two patients with cervical cancer. Among the 135 patients treated at the University of Arizona who were extensively evaluated for toxic effects, only myelosuppression and anemia were seen in a significant number of patients. At this dose and schedule, 29% of patients developed leukopenia of less than 3000 cells/mm3, 16% developed a thrombocytopenia of less than 100,000 cells/mm3, and 29% had an acute fall in hemoglobin of greater than or equal to 2 g/100 ml. In addition, two patients suffered grand mal seizures which were not clearly drug-related. These results suggest that further study of m-AMSA in lymphoma, sarcoma, and cervical cancer is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Phase II evaluation of amsacrine (m-AMSA) in solid tumors, myeloma, and lymphoma: a University of Arizona and Southwest Oncology Group Study. 668 99

Eighty-one patients with a variety of refractory disseminated malignant neoplasms have been treated in the first multiple fixed-dose phase I trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFL-rA). Each patient received IFL-rA by intramuscular injection, three times weekly for 28 days. Dosages were escalated in different patients from 1 to 136 x 10(6) units per injection. The toxic reactions seen with IFL-rA resembled those of nonrecombinant leukocyte interferon and included fever, chills, fatigue, anorexia, myalgia, headache, occasional nausea and vomiting, and dose-dependent reversible leukopenia and hepatic transaminase elevations. The pharmacokinetics of IFL-rA were also comparable with nonrecombinant leukocyte interferon. Objective evidence of antitumor activity was seen in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, and melanoma, indicating that IFL-rA, the first genetically engineered biological response modifier available for testing in cancer patients, is biologically active in vivo.
 ...
PMID:A multiple-dose phase I trial of recombinant leukocyte A interferon in cancer patients. 675 47

AMSA, an acridine derivative with significant antitumor activity in experimental tumors, was administered to 17 patients with advanced tumors refractory to standard chemotherapies. A phase I study was undertaken in 10 patients with solid tumors and lymphomas. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. With a median dose of 90 mg/m2 (75-148 mg/m2), median lowest WBC count was 1,000/mm3 (100-3,200) on day 11 and its recovery up to 4,000/mm3 was seen on day 21, while lowest platelet count was 42 X 10(3)/mm3 (7-300 X 10(3) on day 12 and its recovery up to 100 X 10(3)/mm3 was on day 20. Non-hematological toxicities were nausea (39%), vomiting (11%) and phlebitis (17%) in 18 courses of therapy. The result indicated that the recommended dose schedule for a phase II evaluation was 90 mg/m2, every three weeks. Therapeutic activity was observed in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (one partial response and two minor responses out of four). Two out of five breast, one ovarian, and one melanoma patients showed stable diseases. Five leukemic patients (three AMLs, one MoL, and one blastic CML) were treated with AMSA, and in these cases cytoreduction of peripheral and bone marrow blasts was seen, but it was not adequate to induce remission. Further clinical trials with this agent are warranted, especially in patients with acute leukemia, lymphoma and breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Phase I-II studies of a new antineoplastic agent, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA)]. 689 58

Incidence of second primary cancers was evaluated in 7,127 women with invasive cancer of the cervix uteri, diagnosed between 1935 and 1978, and followed up to 38 years (average, 8.9 yr) in Connecticut. Among 5,997 women treated with radiation, 449 developed second primary cancers compared with 313 expected (relative risk = 1.4) on the basis of rates from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Excess incidence was noticeable 15 years or more after radiotherapy and attributed mostly to cancers of sites in or near the radiation field, especially the bladder, kidneys, rectum, corpus uteri, and ovaries. No excess was found for these sites among the 1,130 nonirradiated women. The ratio of observed to expected cancers for these sites did not vary appreciably by age at irradiation. The data suggested that high-dose pelvic irradiation was associated with increase in cancers of the bladder, kidneys, rectum, ovaries, corpus uteri, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but, apparently, not leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, or colon cancer.
 ...
PMID:Second cancers following radiotherapy for cervical cancer. 695 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>