Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synaptophysin and/or chromogranin A may be expressed in epithelial cells of normal and dysplastic mammary gland and in some cancer of the breast. This work indicates that some stromal cells form thin walled vascular channels and from their perivascular mesenchyma arise myoid-like cells, some with cross-like striations. These myoid-like cells have been stained with antibody to smooth muscle actin, rarely to desmin and sarcomeric actin as well as are strongly positive for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin A. From those cells arise cancer cells. Some cancer cells also expressed desmin, sarcomeric actin or smooth muscle actin. Because synaptophysin positive are neuromuscular endplates, it is a question whether the presence of synaptophysin in the progenitor of neoplastic cells of myogenic origin is due to the synaptic dysfunction in molecular mechanism of the epithelial-parenchyma and mesenchymal stroma interaction. The location of S100-protein positive dendritic cells distributed in regular pattern in suprabasal layer of the mammary gland indicate that these cells may arise from preadipocytes which take part in morphogenesis of the breast. All cases of the breast cancer demonstrated thymosin alpha 1, some of them also showed Hassall's-like bodies, mucin secretion and minute calcification. Whether the interaction of epithelial cells and S100-protein positive dendritic cells in tissue other than the thymus has similar dynamic activity to that of Hassall's bodies of the thymus remains to be determined. Both, epithelial cells of Hassall's bodies and epithelial cells of the investigated breast are of myogenic origin. The above consideration suggests that the cells forming vascular channels are with a differentiation defect as they are created in altered stromal mesenchyma and the presence of thymic growth factors might induce tumor growth.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenesis of breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical study. 909 Apr 48

Recent experimental evidence obtained in Scid mice has suggested that the metastatic process is in large part epigenetically regulated and undergoes partial reversion once the metastatic process is completed: the metastatic colonies become more engaged in the process of growing in situ than actively metastasizing. Based on this experimental evidence, examples were sought of metastatic human cancers where similar reversion to an in situ growth state was occurring. Review of 200 cases of metastatic human breast cancer revealed a 21 per cent incidence of reversion to a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) growth pattern within axillary nodal metastases. The revertant DCIS areas were characterized by an intact and circumferential basement membrane, as demonstrated by extracellular laminin and type IV collagen immunoreactivity. These revertant DCIS areas could be distinguished from primary DCIS, however, by the absence of surrounding myoepithelial cells in the former, identified in the latter by their positive maspin, S-100, and smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity. The pattern of revertant DCIS, poorly differentiated (comedo) (13 per cent), intermediate (non-comedo) (6 per cent), or well-differentiated (non-comedo) (2%), exhibited complete 100 per cent concordance with the primary DCIS pattern. The concordance of histological patterns held true for even the subtypes of DCIS determined by architectural pattern, such as the micropapillary or cribriform subtypes. Nuclear size by digital image analysis and Her-2/neu, p53, and Ki-67 status in the revertant DCIS also exhibited complete concordance with the primary DCIS counterparts. Cases exhibiting a revertant DCIS pattern tended to be ER-negative/EGFR-positive and exhibited significant nodal involvement (mean number, 9; mean area, 90 per cent) compared with cases lacking a revertant pattern (mean number, 4; mean area, 15 per cent) (P < 0.01) These findings suggest that reversion of the metastatic phenotype may also be occurring within autochthonous human metastasis.
 ...
PMID:'Revertant' DCIS in human axillary breast carcinoma metastases. 939 32

Previous studies showed that the hormone relaxin acts on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro by modulating cell proliferation and promoting cell differentiation toward a duct epithelial phenotype. The present study was designed to investigate whether relaxin retains these properties when acting in vivo on MCF-7 cell tumors developed in athymic nude mice. Mice bearing MCF-7 cell tumors transplanted under the mammary fat pad and estrogenized to sustain tumor growth were treated systemically with relaxin (10 microg/day) for 19 days. Vehicle-treated mice were used as controls. Thirty days later, the mice were sacrificed and tumor fragments were analyzed by light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Measurements of tumor volume were recorded weekly for the overall experimental period. The results obtained indicate that relaxin treatment promotes differentiation of tumor cells towards both myoepithelial-like and epithelial-like cells, as judged by the ultrastructural features of the cells and by the increased expression of smooth muscle actin and cadherins. Measurements of tumor size and of the number of cycling cells show that relaxin, at the doses and times of exposure used in this study, does not significantly influence tumor growth and cell proliferation.
 ...
PMID:Relaxin promotes differentiation of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 transplanted into nude mice. 1059 55

Mammary spindle-cell tumours and sarcomas seem to be restricted to dogs and humans. Two cell lines from spontaneous primary canine mammary spindle-cell tumours (CMT-U304 and CMT-U309) and two cell lines from spontaneous primary canine mammary osteosarcomas (CMT-U334 and CMT-U335) were established to study the mesenchymal phenotypes of mammary tumours in the female dog. The cells from the spindle-cell tumours expressed cytokeratin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin filaments. When these cells were inoculated subcutaneously into female and male nude mice they formed different types of mesenchymal tumours such as spindle-cell tumours, fibroma and rhabdomyoid tumours (n = 6/8). The cells from the osteosarcomas expressed vimentin filaments and also formed different types of mesenchymal tumours such as chondroid, rhabdomyoid, smooth muscle-like and spindle-cell tumours (n = 6/10). The cell lines CMT-U304, CMT-U309 and CMT-U335 had receptors for progesterone but none of the four cell lines had receptors for estrogen. All four cell lines and their corresponding primary tumours showed identical allelic patterns in microsatellite analysis. By in situ hybridization with genomic DNA we could verify that all formed tumours but one were of canine origin. Our results support the hypothesis that canine mammary tumours are derived from pluripotent stem cells.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 2000 Jun
PMID:Expression of different phenotypes in cell lines from canine mammary spindle-cell tumours and osteosarcomas indicating a pluripotent mammary stem cell origin. 1096 96

Sixteen cases of fibroadenomas with epithelial proliferative lesions (EP lesions) with histologic features resembling those of epithelial hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and microglandular adenosis, and four cases of carcinomas in fibroadenomas (CA lesions) were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The CA lesions included one intraductal carcinoma, two invasive ductal carcinomas, and one lobular carcinoma in situ. The histologic features of the EP lesions and CA lesions were fundamentally the same as those of carcinomas commonly observed in the mammary gland. Immunohistochemically, smooth muscle actin was useful in the detection of myoepithelial cells, particularly in EP lesions of the adenosis type (sclerosing adenosis or microglandular adenosis), and in distinguishing carcinoma. The differences between EP lesions and CA lesions of sites of immunoreactivity to CA15-3, CEA, and EMA were also helpful for differential diagnosis.
Breast Cancer 1994 Dec 30
PMID:Epithelial Proliferative Lesions and Carcinomas in Fibroadenomas of the Breast. 1109 21

We describe a 74-year-old female presenting with a right breast mass. She had found the mass on self-examination. Physical examination revealed a 2.2 x 2.5 cm, firm, smooth, and mobile lump in the upper medial portion of the right breast. Mammography revealed a well marginated, oval-shaped, and isodense nodule. Calcification was not evident. On ultrasonography, the lesion was 17 x 18 x 9 mm and located 5 mm below the overlying skin. Excisional biopsy under local anesthesia was performed. The tumor was easily excised. Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of intersecting bundles of spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells, and involved peripheral ducts and fat tissue. Immunohistochemical staining showed positivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), but was negative for S-100 protein, myoglobin, keratin, and vimentin. From these findings a muscular hamartoma of the breast, a rare subtype of hamartoma, was diagnosed.
Breast Cancer 2001
PMID:A case of muscular hamartoma of the breast. 1166 48

Glycogen-rich, clear cell carcinoma of the breast (GCC) is a rare type of breast cancer. Histological features are usually those of ductal carcinoma, but cases featuring lobular, tubular, and mixed ductal-tubular carcinoma have been reported. The presence of "numerous cells with clear cytoplasm" has been reported in some cases of primary neuro-endocrine tumors of the breast. Moreover, no case of GCC of the breast with neuro-endocrine features has been described. We report a case of 33-year-old woman with a palpable lump of the right breast. Fresh tissue obtained from the operating theatre was fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed to paraffin. Serial sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and PAS following diastase digestion (PASd); other sections were processed for immunohistological detection of chromogranin, synaptophysin, vimentin and smooth muscle actin. For electron microscopy, the tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer. The samples were post-fixed in osmium, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in araldite. Thin sections, counterstained in uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were studied under a Philips 400T electron microscope. The lump at histological examination was entirely composed of optically clear, neoplastic cells. The cytoplasm was filled with numerous PAS-positive granules which did not stain after the diastase digestion, leading to a diagnosis of GCC of the breast. Some histological (i.e. pattern of growth, blunt edges of neoplastic glands and numerous vessels) and cytological features (i.e. nuclear monomorphism and fine chromatin) prompted us to investigate the possible neuro-endocrine differentiation of the lesion. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies strongly support such hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of GCC of the breast with neuro-endocrine features.
 ...
PMID:[Glycogen-rich clear-cell breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation features]. 1178 21

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the question of whether the distribution of stromal CD34+ fibrocytes and smooth muscle actin (SMA)-reactive myofibroblasts differs between benign and malignant lesions of the breast. We investigated a total of 31 ductal carcinomas and 27 specimens with benign lesions of the breast (ductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor) and compared the distribution of CD34+ fibrocytes and SMA-reactive myofibroblasts. The stroma of normal breast tissue contained CD34+ fibrocytes, whereas SMA-reactive myofibroblasts were absent. All benign breast lesions exhibited stromal CD34+ fibrocytes and few lesions (fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumor) showed additional SMA-reactive myofibroblasts. In invasive breast cancer the stroma was devoid of CD34+ fibrocytes but a varying number of stromal SMA-reactive myofibroblasts was detectable. In the setting of the present study the loss of CD34+ fibrocytes was specific for invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ, whereas SMA-reactive myofibroblasts were observed in different benign and malignant lesions. These findings may be helpful tools in distinguishing benign breast lesions (e.g., sclerosing adenosis) from invasive breast cancer and in characterizing stromal remodeling associated with invasive cancer.
 ...
PMID:CD34+ fibrocytes in invasive ductal carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and benign breast lesions. 1188 1

A 36-year-old woman presented with a 10 mm diameter mass in the right breast. Since the mass persisted for 3 months after detection and mammary carcinoma was suspected based on ultrasonographic findings, the mass was resected. Histologically, the mass demonstrated proliferative margins and consisted of spindle cells with bland cytologic features and abundant collagen. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, and were negative for cytokeratins and desmin. Furthermore, the cells showed MIB-1 immunoreactivity with a MIB-1 labeling index of 4.1. Based on these findings, was diagnosed fibromatosis. Breast fibromatosis is rare and is usually misdiagnosed as breast carcinoma preoperatively. To date, only 10 cases of breast fibromatosis have been reported in Japan. Among the reported cases in Japan, our patient presented with the smallest mass, and ultrasonographic findings in this case were the same as those of other cases. Our experience and a review of the literature indicated that differentiation of fibromatosis from carcinoma is very difficult by ultrasonographic examination. In our case, despite involvement of the surgical margins, there was no recurrence. This may be attributed to the small size of the mass and focal exposure.
Breast Cancer 2002
PMID:A case of fibromatosis of the breast. 1201 99

The introduction of a concept proposing multiple cellular subgroups in the normal female breast, including cytokeratin 5/6 (Ck 5/6)-positive progenitor cells, offers a new explanation for the existence of highly aggressive breast cancers with and without Ck 5/6 expression. Using the tissue microarray technique, 166 breast cancer cases, all characterized by comparative genomic hybridization, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, using 15 different antibodies (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53, Ki-67, c-erbB2, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclins A, D1, and E, bcl-2, p21, p27, Ck 5/6, Ck 8/18, and smooth muscle actin) and chromogenic in situ hybridization for c-erbB2. Biomathematical cluster analysis was applied to confirm the conventional interpretation of the results by an independent approach. Ck 5/6-positive breast carcinomas were in general negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, were highly proliferating (as reflected by Ki67 and cyclin A), and were associated with specific protein expression patterns, such as expression of p53 and epithelial growth factor receptor (all related to more aggressive tumor behavior), which could further be demonstrated by biomathematical cluster analysis. In contrast Ck 5/6-negative breast carcinomas revealed a lower tumor proliferation rate, an increased expression of p21, p27, c-erbB2, and bcl-2, and a significantly lower number of genetic alterations, with losses of chromosomal material of 16q as the most common genetic alteration. Our data give the first hints to the hypothesis that different cellular subgroups in the female breast give rise to subgroups of breast carcinomas with differing protein expression and cytogenetic alteration patterns that may be related to clinical behavior.
 ...
PMID:Cytogenetic alterations and cytokeratin expression patterns in breast cancer: integrating a new model of breast differentiation into cytogenetic pathways of breast carcinogenesis. 1242 12


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>