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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We carried out a comparison of three commonly used mucin markers, CA549, CA15.3 and MCA. Serum samples from 184 healthy women and 237 patients with primary breast cancer were evaluated. The markers were measured using commercially available immunometric assays. Like CA15.3 and MCA, CA549 was significantly associated with tumour size and lymph node status, being an effective indicator of tumour bulk. CA549 was significantly correlated with both CA15.3 and MCA. Positive/negative concordance rate was very good (93.7%) between CA549 and MCA. Conversely, CA15.3 was positive and CA549 negative in 20.4% of cases. Axillary status was not significantly different in the latter group of patients and in cases in which CA15.3 and CA549 showed concordant results. From the present findings we draw the following major conclusions: 1. CA549 and MCA are highly correlated and their association should not provide additional information; however, they should not be considered interchangeable since they may behave differently in individual cases. 2. CA549 and CA15.3, although well correlated, are discordant in a significant number of cases. Longitudinal studies are needed to verify the usefulness of the association between the two markers. 3. The three evaluated mucin markers are not interchangeable in individual patients; if a patient is monitored with a marker, she should be followed up with the same marker.
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PMID:Serum CA549 in primary breast cancer: comparison with CA15.3 and MCA. 814 60

Currently, many tumor markers are routinely measured in patient serum, but none appears to adequately detect cancer-specific substances for breast cancer. Four tumor markers (CEA, CA15-3, BCA225, c-erbB-2) were compared for sensitivity and specificity to breast cancer in 393 patients with breast disease (fibrocystic disease; 40, benign tumor; 21, primary cancer; 22, recurrent or advanced cancer; 22, non-recurrent; 288), and the following results were obtained: In cases of primary breast cancer excluding stage IV cases, the positive rates of CEA, CA15-3 and BCA225 were 4.5%, 13.6% and 13.6%, respectively. These rates were not higher than the positive rates found in fibrocystic disease or benign tumor. In cases of recurrent or advanced breast cancer, the positive rates of CEA, CA15-3, BCA225 and c-erbB-2 were 31.8%, 50.0%, 40.9% and 27.3%, respectively. In the recurrent cases, the combination assay using CA15-3, BCA225 and c-erbB-2, showed more useful diagnostic value (72.7%) than other combination assays with three tumor markers. High levels of CA15-3 in eight cases, BCA225 in five and CEA in one were found during the follow up of 15 patients with initial recurrence. Serum c-erbB-2 exceeded the normal range in 6 of 7 cases with advanced breast cancer. Serum c-erbB-2 should be considered a marker of progressive breast cancer. These results suggested that CA15-3, BCA225, c-erbB-2 and combination assays are useful tumor markers for not only detecting the recurrence of breast cancer, but also diagnosing the progression of primary breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical usefulness of tumor markers in breast cancer]. 825 56

It has been thought that NCC-ST-439 antigen (ST-439) is a tumor-related carbohydrate antigen. The authors conducted serum and immunohistochemical studies to investigate the clinical significance of ST-439 in breast cancer. The level of serum ST-439 was elevated in advanced and recurrent breast cancers. In comparison with CEA and CA15-3, ST-439 was superior in sensitivity but inferior in specificity to these markers. The level of serum ST-439 showed no correlation with the levels of CEA or CA15-3. In the combination assay of these three markers, 80.6% of recurrent cases and 33.8% of primary cases were positive. Immunohistochemically, the expression of ST-439 was observed in 28.1% of noncancerous mammary duct epithelium and in 38.1% of the cancerous portion. From the above, we concluded that ST-439 was a tumor-related antigen and could be a tumor marker with high sensitivity in breast cancer.
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PMID:Serum and immunohistochemical studies of NCC-ST-439 in breast cancer. 837 6

We performed basic and clinical studies of IRMA kits for serum CA549 antigen and examined the immunological correlation between CA549 and CA15-3 antigens. Satisfactory results were obtained in the basic studies of CA549 assays, such as the reproducibility and the dilution test. Many patients with breast cancer had elevated serum CA549 concentrations and significant correlation was observed between serum CA549 and CA15-3 values. Anti-CA549 antibody completely inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled anti-CA15-3 antibody to its antigens. These results suggest that CA549 and CA15-3 antigens have similar immunological characteristics.
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PMID:[Basic study of CA549, a new tumor marker for breast cancer, and evaluation of its clinical usefulness]. 847

Preoperative serum tumour markers are currently classified as positive or negative according to a predetermined cut-off point. In the present study we examined the dynamic variation of marker levels after radical surgery of breast and colorectal cancer. CEA and CA15.3 were measured in 93 patients with breast cancer, CEA and CA19.9 in 97 patients with colorectal carcinoma before and 30 days after radical surgery. Any variation higher than 3-fold the analytical coefficient of variation of the assay was considered significant. In patients with negative preoperative marker levels a significant decrease was noted after surgery in 15.6% of cases for CEA and 27.8% for CA15.3 in breast cancer and in 46.8% for CEA and 25.7% for CA19.9 in colorectal cancer. Using both cut-off-based and dynamic criteria, we found an overall positivity rate of 19.6% for CEA and 33.3% for CA15.3 in breast cancer; 60.0% for CEA and 37.1% for CA19.9 in colorectal cancer. From the present findings we conclude that the dynamic study of perioperative variations of tumour markers is a sensitive method additional to cut-off-based criteria for the assessment of the phenotypic expression of the marker by the tumour.
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PMID:A new approach to tumour marker assessment by perioperative determination in breast and colorectal cancer. 849 29

The monoclonal antibodies CA15-3 were developed against the two antigens 115D8 of the human milk fat globule membrane and DF3 of breast cancer. CA15-3 was assayed radioimmunologically and CEA was analysed using the enzyme immunoassay. Normal control was achieved in 32 healthy women, the mean values for CA15-3 were 11.5 +/- 3.0 u/ml, range from 7.9 to 16.9 u/ml. We compared serum levels of CA15-3 and CEA in 121 patients with histologically proved breast carcinoma. CA15-3 levels above 25 u/ml and CEA levels above 5 ng/ml were considered positive values. 31 of 121 patients studied had elevated CA15-3 levels (sensitivity: 25.6%) and 21 of 121 patients had positive CEA levels (sensitivity 17.4%). 92 of the breast cancer patients (76%) did not have metastatic disease. In this group CA15-3 sensitivity was 7.6%, while CEA sensitivity was 6.5%. Mean values were 15.1 +/- 6.6 u/ml for CA15-3 and 1.78 +/- 2.47 ng/ml for CEA. 29 patients (24%) had metastatic disease. In this group, CA15-3 sensitivity was 82.8% and CEA sensitivity was 51.7% (P < 0.05). Mean values for CA15-3 were 147.5 +/- 175.9 u/ml and 16.9 +/- 24.0 ng/ml of CEA. With regard to the correlation of two tumor markers with clinical course patients had significantly higher levels of CA15-3 than of CEA in metastatic breast cancer. This result suggests CA15-3 to be the more sensitive and more specific of the two for metastatic breast cancer detection and monitoring.
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PMID:Comparison of serum CA15-3 and CEA in breast cancer. 855 26

Tumor-associated markers have potential utility in identification, screening, prognosis, detection, or monitoring breast cancer. Of the available markers, those with the greatest promise in 1994 include the yet-to-be-cloned BrCa1, the p53 tumor suppressor gene, tissue-associated prognostic factors such as HER-2/neu, cathepsin-D, and indicators of angiogenesis, and circulating tumor markers that provide an indication of clinical course, such as CA15-3 and CEA. Unfortunately, the precise clinical utilities of all of these markers remain imprecise. It is especially important that the relative independence of the markers in relation to other available markers be determined so as to avoid the unnecessary cost and expense of redundancy. Moreover, it is important that the clinician be aware of the limitations in both sensitivity and specificity of each marker so as not to over- or underinterpret the predictive value of any test. With these caveats in mind, judicial application of germline, tissue, and soluble tumor markers can improve clinical care of patients at risk for and with breast cancer.
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PMID:Tumor markers for breast cancer. Current utilities and future prospects. 870 69

The aim of this study was to investigate whether immunoassays for circulating MUC1 antigen in breast cancer could be compressed in time so that serum level results would be made available during the time of the patient's visit to clinic. Two assays were used: -The EMCA (Euro DPC) is a liquid phase immunoassay and the ELSA CA15-3 (CIS) is a double determinant solid phase immunoradiometric assay. The effects of shortened incubation times were investigated by assaying standards and unknown samples and comparing the results with those using the standard kit protocols. The binding kinetics of the monoclonal antibodies employed in the assays were analysed separately. We conclude that the EMCA assay can be shortened to 35 min and we have attributed this to the fast binding kinetics inherent in a liquid phase assay. This shortened assay may produce the basis for a useful "near patient" assay. By comparison, the solid phase ELSA CA15-3 assay cannot be compressed without loss in assay performance.
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PMID:Analysis of the temporal compressibility of breast tumour marker assays: development of a "near patient" assay. 875 Jun 45

Many circulating markers have been proposed for breast cancer, with potential utility for identification, screening, prognosis, detection, or monitoring. Of the available markers, those with the greatest promise include circulating tumor markers that provide an indication of clinical course, such as CA15-3 and CEA, and novel markers such as BrCa1, antibodies to p53, antibodies to HER-2/neu, indicators of angiogenesis, and the extracellular domain of HER-2/neu. However, the precise clinical utilities of all of these markers have yet to be determined. It is especially important that the relative independence of the markers in relation to other available markers be determined so as to avoid the unnecessary cost and expense of redundancy. Moreover, it is important that the clinician be aware of the limitations in both sensitivity and specificity of each marker so as not to over- or under-interpret the predictive value of any test.
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PMID:Serum (circulating) tumor markers for breast cancer. 878 54

Adenocarcinoma that metastasizes from an unknown primary site is a significant oncologic problem. With the exception of prostate-specific antigen and thyroglobulin, no single immunohistochemical marker is entirely site-specific. A retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether a panel of markers could accurately predict the site of origin of common metastatic adenocarcinomas. On the basis of reports of their relatively restricted specificity for carcinomas of colon, breast, lung, ovary, and upper gastrointestinal tract (stomach, pancreas, and bile duct), eight markers were selected for simultaneous evaluation: gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, breast cancer antigen 225 (BCA225), B72.3, DF3 (CA15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, CA125, and estrogen receptor. The study population consisted of 128 metastatic nonmucinous adenocarcinomas for which the primary site was known. Staining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using an enhanced-sensitivity avidin-biotin peroxidase complex detection system. The most informative markers were CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and BCA225. With this four-marker panel, the most predictive multiple-marker phenotypes, as determined by a combination of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, specificity, and percent correct predictions, were CEA+, BCA225-, and CA125- for colon tumors; BCA225+, CEA-, and CA125- for breast tumors; BCA225+, CEA+, and CA19-9- for lung tumors; CA125+ and CEA- for ovarian tumors; and CEA+, CA19-9+, and CA125+ for upper gastrointestinal tract tumors. Overall, these phenotypes correctly predicted the known primary site in 66% of cases. Until single highly sensitive and specific markers are developed for adenocarcinomas other than prostate and thyroid tumors, the origin of a metastatic adenocarcinoma can best be suggested or excluded with clinicopathologic data combined with a panel of selected immunohistochemical markers.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of tumor markers in metastatic adenocarcinoma. A diagnostic adjunct in the determination of primary site. 898 Mar 61


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