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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Breast cancer is the commonest killing malignant disease of women in the European Community. The average annual age standardised mortality rate among the 12 EEC countries ranges from 28.5 to 13.7 per 100,000 females. In Ireland, breast cancer is treated primarily by general surgeons. At our Breast Institute at St. Vincent's Hospital where we see 100 patients with breast diseases weekly it is policy to recommend quadrantectomy, total axillary dissection and radiotherapy (QU.A.R.T.) for patients with T1 and T2 tumours if they are peripherally placed within the breast. Complete axillary dissection in early breast cancer provides accurate staging and virtually eliminates axillary recurrence and the dissection is standardised and audited in our unit. Audit of axillary dissection improves the lymph node yield and enhances the completeness of the procedure. Sophisticated mammography improves the detection of small tumours but even excellent mammography may fail to identify malignant disease. Screening programmes for early breast cancer detection should be based on clinical examination in addition to mammography and some 15% of our patients with palpable breast cancer had falsely negative mammograms. Before operation, extensive scintigraphy and sonography is carried out before primary treatment is undertaken. After treatment, clinical and biochemical surveillance is carried out. We have found the lysosomal protease, Cathepsin D to be a useful marker of progressive disease and prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Routine postoperative CEA and CA15.3 are also valuable markers and a high or rising CA15.3 often precedes clinical or investigative evidence of recurrence. In addition, assay of c-erB-2 protein by ELISA is also a simple, rapid quantitative prognostic guide in patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Aspects of breast cancers. 134 Dec 88

The antigen MUSE11 detected by a monoclonal antibody (MAb) is an adenocarcinoma-associated antigen, while CA15-3 is a representative breast cancer-associated antigen detected by MAbs 115D8 and DF3. MAb MUSE11 showed higher binding activity to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the tandem repeat motif of the mucin core protein than that of MAb DF3, although MAb DF3 also had a significant binding activity indicating that MAbs MUSE11 and DF3 could recognize an identical polypeptide core. The reactivity of MAb DF3 to a breast cancer cell line MRK-neu-1 was completely abolished by neuraminidase treatment whereas that of MAb MUSE11 was partly conserved. The simultaneous measurement of the antigens MUSE11 and CA15-3 in sera from 35 cancer patients demonstrated that the incidence of abnormal serum level of CA15-3 was lower than that of antigen MUSE11. These data suggest that at least a part of the structural basis for the difference between the serum levels of antigen MUSE11 and CA15-3 could be carbohydrate side chains including sialic acids.
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PMID:Circulating tumor-associated antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies against the polypeptide core of mucin--comparison of antigen MUSE11 with CA15-3. 137 32

Cytosol levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA15-3, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) of 194 primary breast cancer tissues were measured. ER and PgR determined by enzyme immunoassay methods correlated inversely with Page's grades of histological atypia and mitotic rate. Cytosol CA15-3 correlated inversely with the grades of tubular and nuclear atypia and positively with the mitotic rate. CA15-3 correlated positively with ER and PgR. Cytosol CEA showed no correlation with the pathological grade or hormone receptor status. These results indicate that hormone receptor-positive breast cancers tend to have more differentiated morphology and slower growth rate than those without those receptors and that the cytosol CA15-3 level may reflect some of the intrinsic malignant potency, particularly the growth rate, of breast cancer. Cytosol CA15-3 as well as the hormone receptor status may have prognostic value for patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Analysis of cytosol CA15-3, carcinoembryonic antigen, estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer tissues. 155 99

CA15-3 is a tumor marker associated with mammary tumors. Increased levels have been observed in patients with breast cancer, while normal low levels are usually found in women with no evidence of disease. The potential clinical uses of this marker include monitoring of patients with breast cancer, prognosis, and early detection of recurrence. Tumor markers are not usually used for diagnosis, as only in a few patients are elevated levels found. But when high levels of tumor markers are detected at an early stage, it may be of diagnostic value. In this study we describe a patient we believe to be the first in whom the CA15-3 tumor marker indicated breast cancer, while physical examination and the initial mammography were without suspicious findings. We also show sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained by the CA15-3 indirect immunoperoxidase method.
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PMID:[CA15-3 tumor marker in early detection of breast cancer]. 156 79

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of the new tumour marker TAG 12 in sera from patients with breast cancer (n = 123), patients with benign breast disease (n = 30) and normal controls (n = 38). The results for TAG 12 were compared with those for CA 15-3 and MCA. The cut-off levels (90% specificity) determined for each test in the benign and control groups were 57.5 kU/1 for TAG 12, 24.8 kU/1 for CA 15-3 and 11.8 kU/1 for MCA. The diagnostic sensitivity of the TAG 12 test was 0.30, 0.19 for CA 15-3 test and 0.20 for MCA test in detecting breast cancer. TAG 12, CA 15-3 and MCA tests were tested in a multivariate analysis to find the best combination of independent predictors of breast cancer. The most important predictor of breast cancer was TAG 12. In order to evaluate the contributions of different tumour marker serum tests a stepwise discriminant analysis was carried out. The discriminant function is DF = TAG 12 x 0.0349 + CA 15-3 x 0.0568 + MCA x (-0.33) - 0.53. The sensitivity of the DF in detecting breast cancer was 31% with a specificity of 91% and a efficiency of 52%. The correlation coefficient in breast cancer patients between TAG 12 and CA15-3 measurements was 0.95, and 0.90 between TAG 12 and MCA measurements. In conclusion, the results indicate that TAG 12, CA 15-3 and MCA have only limited value in the diagnosis of breast cancer, but their role in monitoring and follow up of breast cancer patients is a subject for further investigation.
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PMID:Comparison of tumour markers TAG 12 with CA 15-3 and MCA in breast cancer diagnosis. 156 79

The immunohistochemical expression of DF3 antigen and serum concentrations of CA15-3, a breast carcinoma-associated antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 115D8 and DF3, was investigated in breast cancer patients. The levels of serum CA15-3 in 23 primary breast cancer patients did not correlate to the percentage cytoplasmic reactivity of MAb DF3 with the carcinoma cells in tissue specimens from each respective patient. In 17 patients who subsequently developed metastatic breast cancer, however, the serum CA15-3 concentrations generally correlated well to the cytoplasmic reactivity of MAb DF3 with the carcinoma cells in specimens obtained at initial biopsy or mastectomy. Elevated levels of serum CA15-3 were seen in metastatic breast cancer patients when the carcinoma cells in their primary specimens expressed enhanced levels of cytoplasmic DF3 antigen. The results of this study suggest that the immunohistochemical demonstration of DF3 antigen in tissue specimens, together with the periodical measurement of circulating CA15-3 antigen, may be important for monitoring the clinical course of breast cancer patients.
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PMID:The correlation between the immunohistochemical expression of DF3 antigen and serum CA15-3 in breast cancer patients. 164 3

Although mucins have been found to be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, the carbohydrate and peptide structures of pancreatic mucins are still not well characterized. Monoclonal antibodies were produced using mucins purified from xenografts of a human pancreatic cancer cell line as the immunogen. One of these, Ia3, reacted with almost all pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas examined by immunoperoxidase staining, but with few normal tissues. Ia3 antigen was elevated in sera of 50.4% of individuals with gastrointestinal tumors, but its levels did not correlate with those of CA15-3, CA19-9, or DU-PAN-2. Serum Ia3 antigens migrated more slowly in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than the polymorphic epithelial mucins recognized by DF3 or 115D8. Ia3 reacted only with native, and not with partially deglycosylated, pancreatic cancer xenograft mucins. Periodate or neuraminidase treatment destroyed this reactivity, but protease had little effect. The antigen recognized by another antibody, Nd2, was not detected in normal pancreatic, colonic, or gastric tissues but was present in approximately 60% of the pancreatic and gastric carcinomas examined. Nd2 reactivity with native and partially deglycosylated mucin was lost after pretreatment with protease and beta-mercaptoethanol. We conclude that, while Ia3 reacts with carbohydrates, Nd2 reactivity appears to be dependent on the integrity of the mucin protein core. The antigenic determinants of Ia3 and Nd2 are different from those of B72.3, CA19-9, DU-PAN-2, SPan-1, and several breast cancer mucin-directed antibodies. These results suggest that the malignancy-associated structures identified by Ia3 and Nd2 may provide new information on the carbohydrate and peptide structure of pancreatic cancer mucins.
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PMID:Characterization of new pancreatic cancer-reactive monoclonal antibodies directed against purified mucin. 170 39

Carcinoma of the breast is the most common malignancy in women and is frequently associated with metastatic bone disease and its associated osteolytic morbidity and mortality. Traditional radiological methods for mass screening bony secondaries are not cost-effective. We examined the value of the tumour marker 'CA15-3' as an alternative to conventional isotope bone scintigraphy. A total of 218 patients with breast cancer was evaluated over a 4-year period. Venous CA15-3 levels were obtained at 3-monthly intervals and bone scintigraphy annually or if the patient developed locomotor symptoms or exhibited elevated CA15-3 levels. Of these patients, 33 with metastatic breast carcinoma had an elevated tumour marker level at the time of diagnosis of their metastases; bone metastases alone = 15/17 (88%), soft tissue metastases alone = 2/6 (33%), simultaneous bony and soft tissue metastases = 7/10 (70%). The preponderance of an elevated CA15-3 in metastatic bone disease, be it in isolation or in combination with non-bone metastases, yields a sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of 81.5%, 66% and 92%, respectively. Although 22 of the 27 patients had an elevated CA15-3 at the time of diagnosis of their bone metastases, the remaining five patients (with tumour marker levels in the normal range) showed a similar, albeit a delayed, increase (median = 3 months). Thus, all metastatic bone disease patients demonstrated elevated marker levels. We recommend CA15-3 as a simple, reliable and inexpensive screening method for detecting bone metastases in the patient with breast carcinoma.
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PMID:CA15-3: a reliable indicator of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer patients. 173 5

A prospective study was carried out on a recent marker for breast cancer, CA549, a mucine-like acid glycoprotein present in the fat membranes of human milk. Fifty healthy control subjects and 91 with benign conditions, 103 mammary cancer patients and 256 patients with other types of malignancy were studied. For comparison, CEA and CA15-3 were also investigated. The CA549 cutoff was 11 U/ml. In breast cancer the marker was below the cutoff in 9 cases (92.8%); in malignancies other than breast cancer it was above the cutoff in 5 to 50% of patients. In breast cancer it was raised in 83.3% of cases (CA15-3 showed 82.9% and CEA 50%). In breast cancer after radical surgery, CA549 was normal in patients who were in TNM stage I but above the cutoff in 57.1% of those at more advanced stages. The follow-up study is ongoing among these patients. In all the study conditions, CA549 favorably compared to CA15-3 values, with sensitivity and specificity greater than CEA.
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PMID:Evaluation of the circulating glycoprotein CA549 in mammary cancer and other malignancies. 178 Oct 36

The usefulness of post-operatively serial serum CA15-3 determination with CEA and TPA was evaluated in a group of 285 breast cancer patients. In particular, the CA15-3 sensitivity to 'early' diagnosis and monitoring of the response to treatment of breast cancer relapses, was compared with those of the two other markers in order to define the most suitable association. Moreover, in a group of 169 non relapsed patients with a prolonged follow-up (40 +/- 8 months; mean +/- s.d.) CA15-3 specificity was investigated. During post-operative follow-up in 27 (10%) patients, distant metastases occurred. In most of them, elevated values of one or more tumour markers were the first pathological sign and CA15-3, CEA and TPA sensitivity to 'early' diagnosis of metastases were 46%, 7% and 63% respectively. When each tumour marker was considered in combination, CA15-3-CEA-TPA association showed a higher sensitivity (87%) than both CA15-3-TPA (83%) and the CEA-TPA (70%). Serum CA15-3 increase preceded the certain sign of metastases 2.7 +/- 2.6 months (mean +/- s.d.). Shortly before appearance and during treatment of distant metastases, constant elevation and/or progressive increase in serum CA15-3 values occurred in all evaluated patients except three in whom isolated elevated values were found as well. In 24 (14%) of 169 non relapsed patients with prolonged follow-up (40 +/- 8 months; mean +/- s.d.) high serum CA15-3 values occurred. In 16 of these 24 patients, an isolated elevated value was found, while four (2.3%) or the eight remaining ones with constant elevation and/or progressive increase were falsely suspected of metastases. In this group of non relapsed patients, chronic liver failure, diabetes and/or hepatic steatosis were the reasons more commonly responsible for the CA15-3 increase. In metastatic patients, no organ-specificity was shown either by CA15-3 or by CEA and TPA. In these patients serum TPA values showed the highest sensitivity and paralleled clinical and/or instrumental signs better than the CA15-3 and even more than CEA values. These data indicate that in the post-operative follow-up of breast cancer patients, TPA is the most useful tumour marker and TPA-CA15-3 the most suitable association. Contemporaneous measurement of serum CEA levels only slightly increases sensitivity and positive predictive value of TPA-CA15-3 combination.
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PMID:Evaluation of serum CA15-3 determination with CEA and TPA in the post-operative follow-up of breast cancer patients. 185 15


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