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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, patients with operable breast cancer T2 or T3, treated by mastectomy + axillary dissection and with invaded axillary nodes (N+), were randomized to receive either: 1) postoperative locoregional and pelvic radiotherapy (RX) and Poly(A).Poly(U) (AU), 60 mg IV once a week for 6 weeks, or 2) CMF (cyclophosphamide 100 mg/sqm P.O. on days 1-14, methotrexate 40 mg/sqm IV on day 1 and 8, fluorouracil 600 mg/sqm IV on day 1 and 8; monthly cycle, for 6 months. Between March 1982 and December 1985, 517 patients were enrolled, 257 of whom were treated by RX + AU and 260 with CMF. The main clinical, pathological and prognostic characteristics were equally distributed in the two groups. The present analysis was conducted after a mean follow-up of 69 months (S.D. = 13). There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups (test adjusted by center and menopausal status); the five-year OS rate was 74% in the RXAU group and 77% in the CMF group. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly higher (p = 0.05) in the RXAU group compared to the MCF group; the five-year RFS rates were 57% and 46% in the two groups respectively. This short, well-tolerated combined RXAU treatment appears to be as efficient as CMF and might offer an alternative to chemo- or hormonotherapy, in case of contraindications to these treatments.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1991 Sep
PMID:Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid plus locoregional and pelvic radiotherapy versus chemotherapy with CMF as adjuvants in operable breast cancer. A 6 1/2 year follow-up analysis of a randomized trial of the French Federation of Cancer Centers (F.F.C.C.). 175 63

Tumor promoters, such as phorbol esters or hormones, cause many biological effects which may contribute to the expression of cancer. The mechanism of cancer expression may have a common theme. One method of learning about this common mechanism is the identification of chemicals that interfere with tumor development. That there is actually a common theme between very different substances, such as inflammatory skin tumor promoters and estradiol causing breast cancer, was shown by the fact that both skin and breast cancers are suppressed by the same agents, e.g., protease inhibitors and retinoids. In addition to skin and breast, protease inhibitors suppress colon, bladder, and liver cancers. The substances that crossed over in suppressing many varieties of cancer were found to inhibit oxygen radical formation by tumor promoter-activated neutrophils and ras oncogene expression in NIH 3T3 cells. Poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PADPR polymerase) may serve as the connecting link between oxygen radicals that cause its activation and oncogene expression. PADPR polymerase is inhibited by retinoids, antioxidants, and some protease inhibitors. Benzamide, an inhibitor of PADPR polymerase, is also a chymotrypsin inhibitor which suppresses oxygen radical formation by tumor promoter-activated neutrophils. The inhibition of PADPR polymerase causes the expulsion of some oncogenes from NIH 3T3 cells at definite times after oncogene transfection. Further work is required to find what are the contributions of PADPR polymerase to tumor promotion and of its inhibitors to suppression of oncogene expression.
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PMID:Suppression of tumor promotion by inhibitors of poly(ADP)ribose formation. 210 95

Poly A+ RNA isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and those fractions enriched in oestrogen receptor (ER) mRNA were used to prepare randomly primed cDNA libraries in the lambda gt11 vectors. Clones corresponding to the ER were isolated from both libraries after screening with either ER monoclonal antibodies (lambda gt11) or synthetic oligonucleotide probes designed from two peptide sequences of purified ER (lambda gt10). Five cDNA clones were isolated by antibody screening and five after screening with synthetic oligonucleotides. The two largest ER cDNA clones, lambda OR3 (1.3 kbase) and lambda OR8 (2.1 kbase), isolated using antibodies and oligonucleotides, respectively, were able to enrich selectively for ER mRNA by hybrid-selection. Furthermore, lambda OR8 contains DNA sequences which cross-hybridize with each of the other ER cDNA clones. These results demonstrate that the clones isolated correspond to the ER mRNA sequence. Using lambda OR8 as a hybridization probe revealed a single poly A+ RNA band of approx. 6.2 kbase in the ER containing human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. In contrast, no hybridization was seen in the human ER-cell line HeLa. The same probe hybridizes to a chicken gene which is expressed in oviduct tissue as a 7.5 kbase poly A+ RNA.
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PMID:Cloning of the human oestrogen receptor cDNA. 242 49

The biological properties of polyadenylic . polyuridylic acid (Poly(A) . Poly(U] are discussed and the application to the treatment of cancer in various animal models is described. Pharmacokinetic properties are presented and the results of clinical application to humans with specific reference to adjuvant treatment of breast cancer are examined in some detail. Given these results and the total lack of toxicity or of secondary effects of Poly(A) . Poly(U) it appears that further development and application of this polynucleotide complex are certainly justified in terms of clinical use in cancer and perhaps in viral pathologies.
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PMID:Polyadenylic.polyuridylic acid in the cotreatment of cancer. 258 Dec 64

Thirty patients with Grade III breast cancer, a locally common form, were examined to compare the magnitude of the cardiotoxic effects displayed by the antitumor anthracyclic antibiotics adriamycin (15 patients) and pharmorubicin (15 patients). Clinical symptoms of cardiotoxicity developed in 13.3% of the pharmorubicin-treated and in 40% of the adriamycin-treated patients. Among the noninvasive techniques, electrocardiography turned out to be more informative, which enabled the signs of myocardial dystrophy and cardiac arrhythmias to be identified in 20 and 40% on pharmorubicin and adriamycin, respectively. Poly- and echocardiography proved to be less informative than it was shown by the data available in the literature, which is associated with the use of relatively small total doses of anthracycline in our investigations.
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PMID:[Comparative evaluation of the cardiotoxic effects of antineoplastic antibiotics adriamycin and pharmorubicin]. 268 58

A randomized trial of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (Poly(A).Poly(U) given as an adjuvant in the treatment of operable breast cancer, has included 300 patients of the Institut Gustave-Roussy from September 1972 to December 1979; 145 patients were allocated to conventional treatment alone and 155 to conventional treatment plus Poly(A).Poly(U). Reviews after mean periods of follow-up of 50 and 87 months were previously published. The present review performed after a mean follow-up period of 111 months confirmed a significant increase in the overall survival of patients with invaded nodes treated with Poly(A).Poly(U). The best results were achieved in the subset of patients with up to three affected nodes who showed a significant increase of both overall and relapse-free survival. The benefit seemed to be greater in postmenopausal women (P = 0.07). Present status of other ongoing trials of adjuvant Poly(A).Poly(U) is presented.
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PMID:Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid as adjuvant in the treatment of operable breast cancer: recent results. 304 33

We have previously demonstrated an estradiol-regulated 24 kDa (24K) protein in human breast cancer tissue culture cells and human tumor biopsies. The presence of 24K correlates well with the presence of steroid hormone receptors. In order to further study the hormonal regulation of the 24K protein and gene, we have isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the 24K mRNA. Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line was translated in a cell-free translation system containing [35S]-methionine. The translation products were immunoprecipitated with a 24K monoclonal antibody, and the in vitro synthesis of 24K protein was confirmed by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The same poly(A)+ RNA was used to construct an oligo(dT)-primed cDNA library in the lambda gt11 expression vector system. The library was screened with a highly specific polyclonal antibody raised against 24K protein purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Four recombinant clones reacting with the antibody by virtue of antigen expression were isolated and three were used in hybridization-selected translation. Three clones were able to hybridize specifically to a messenger RNA (mRNA) that yielded a Mr 24,000 protein when translated in vitro and analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein was also immunoprecipitable by the 24K monoclonal antibody. MCF-7 mRNA size fractionated by formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis was transferred to nitrocellulose paper and hybridized to a nick-translated 24K cDNA clone. A single band of hybridization corresponding to a mRNA size of approximately 0.9-1.0 kilobase (kb) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1988 May
PMID:A cDNA for the estradiol-regulated 24K protein: control of mRNA levels in MCF-7 cells. 340 5

Two mathematical models were presented to approximate the various survival curves for malignant diseases. The models individualized several segments in the survival curve. Also, the hazard function of the curve and the confidence intervals of the curve could be calculated. First, we studied the survival-after-relapse curve for adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma. The curve for chemoimmunotherapy had three segments and the curve for immunotherapy, two segments. The immunotherapy showed its effect in the early period of treatment. Second, the disease-free survival curves for adjuvant therapies of breast cancer were compared; Oncofrance trial: a combination of AVCF was superior to a combination of CMF in all the periods of the therapy; Lacour's trial: Poly A-Poly U was more effective than the control in the middle and late period; Bonadonna's trial: CMF was superior to the control in the early period. Third, the survival curves for adjuvant therapy of stomach cancer; immunotherapy versus non-immunotherapy were analysed. Comparison of the confidence intervals of each curve clarified that no significant difference could be found between them. Thus, these analyses showed the effectiveness of the compared adjuvant treatments.
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PMID:New survival curve model for comparison of adjuvant therapy of malignant diseases. 379 Jul 8

Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and fractions enriched in estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA were used to prepare randomly primed cDNA libraries in the lambda gt10 and lambda gt11 vectors. Clones corresponding to ER sequence were isolated from both libraries after screening with either ER monoclonal antibodies (lambda gt11) or synthetic oligonucleotide probes designed from two peptide sequences of purified ER (lambda gt10). Five cDNA clones were isolated by antibody screening and five were isolated after screening with synthetic oligonucleotides. The two largest ER cDNA clones, lambda OR3 (1.3 kilobase pairs) and lambda OR8 (2.1 kilobase pairs), isolated by using antibodies and oligonucleotides, respectively, were able to enrich selectively for ER mRNA by hybrid-selection. Furthermore, lambda OR8 contains the DNA sequence expected from the two ER peptides and crosshybridizes with each of the other ER cDNA clones. These results demonstrate that the clones isolated correspond to the ER mRNA sequence. Use of lambda OR8 as a hybridization probe revealed a single poly(A)+ RNA band of approximately equal to 6.2 kilobase pairs in the ER-containing human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. In contrast, no hybridization was seen in the human ER-negative cell line HeLa. The same probe hybridizes to a chicken gene that is expressed in oviduct tissue as a 7.5-kilobase-pair poly(A)+ RNA.
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PMID:Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. 386 4

Adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid poly A-poly U was tested in 300 patients with operable breast cancer who had all received the same locoregional treatment. They were randomized into two groups; 155 patients receiving 30 mg poly A-poly U i.v. once a week for 6 weeks and 145 controls. Overall survival was significantly improved in the poly A-Poly U group (P less than 0.05). The most striking difference (less than 0.03) was observed in the group of positive node patients, who had a 5-year relapse-free actuarial survival rate of 71% versus 47% in the controls.
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PMID:A new adjuvant treatment with polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in operable breast cancer. 703 83


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