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Query: UMLS:C0006142 (breast cancer)
 160,383 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The new generation of oral contraceptives (OCs) contains less than 50 mcg of estrogen compared to previous levels of 100-150 mcg, and as a result have fewer undesirable side effects. In addition, it appears that the newer OCs decrease the susceptibility to many diseases. For example, the pill decreases by 40% the risk that a woman under 55 years of age will develop ovarian cancer. The risk of endometrial cancer is reduced by 50% in OC users. The pill also significantly lowers the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease--a condition that is involved in almost 20% of all gynecologic problems and is a leading cause of infertility. OC use reduces the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Further, by decreasing menstrual blood flow, the pill protects against iron-deficiency anemia. The pill is claimed to decrease premenstrual tension, menstrual cramps, and even acne. It has a protective effect against ovarian cysts and benign breast cancer. Finally, there is the possibility that OCs protect against the development of rheumatoid arthritis and duodenal ulcers.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives come of age. 385 23

This study investigated the effect of oxygen radical scavengers and iron chelating agents on the toxicity of doxorubicin for MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Superoxide dismutase and catalase, but not the heat-inactivated enzymes, the hydroxyl radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine, and the organoselenium compound 2-phenyl-1-2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one, which possesses glutathione peroxidase-like activity, significantly reduced or abolished tumor cell killing by doxorubicin. Similar protective activity was found only for those iron chelating agents capable of penetrating the tumor cell plasma membrane. These experiments suggest that an iron-dependent oxygen radical cascade contributes to the antineoplastic action of the anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin.
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PMID:Prevention of doxorubicin-induced killing of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by oxygen radical scavengers and iron chelating agents. 395 78

Serum ferritin has been suggested as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of certain malignancies and for following the activity or dissemination of the malignant process. Since neoplastic tissues generally contain more acidic isoferritins than their normal tissue counterparts, it has also been suggested that the specific assay of such isoferritins in serum may be of particular value in the diagnosis of malignancy. In this work, we have evaluated ferritin concentration in the serum of normal subjects and patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer and lung cancer by simultaneously using three different immunoassays: an immunoradiometric assay based on polyclonal antibodies against human liver (basic, L-subunit rich) ferritin, a radioimmunoassay based on polyclonad antibodies against HeLa cell (acidic, H-subunit rich) ferritin, and an immunoradiometric assay based on the monoclonal antibody 2A4 raised against human heart (acidic, H-subunit rich) ferritin. Most of the patients studied had increased values for liver-type ferritin in the absence of increased iron stores. Binding of serum ferritin to concanavalin A did not prove to be useful in distinguishing a tumor-specific basic isoferritin. The HeLa ferritin assay was found to be less specific than the heart ferritin assay in the detection of acidic isoferritins, and did not provide any advantage over the liver assay in detecting the increased levels of serum ferritin associated with malignant disease. Heart-type ferritin was found in one-fifth of normal sera and 64% of sera from patients with malignancy. Values were very low compared with those for basic ferritin, ranging from less than 0.1 to 17% of total serum ferritin (geometric mean value 1.3%) in patients with malignancy. These findings indicate that at present there is little application for serum ferritin immunoassays based on antibodies to HeLa cell or heart ferritin in the diagnosis or monitoring of malignant disease. This seems to be due to the presence in human serum of biding factors which are responsible for the rapid clearance of acidic isoferritins from the circulation. The serum concentration of basic ferritin, however, can be useful in the diagnosis and management of some malignancies, and it is possible that studies on cell isoferritins can be important in biologic monitoring of neoplastic disorders. It should also be noted that the increased levels of serum ferritin found in patients with malignancy can exert adverse effects on the host immune response and perhaps an inhibitory effect on hematopoiesis.
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PMID:Immunological reactivity of serum ferritin in patients with malignancy. 408 87

Ferritins, a group of isomeric proteins that have important functions in iron metabolism and storage, have been demonstrated to be carcinoembryonic antigens. It has been recently shown that a subpopulation of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with Hodgkin's disease or breast cancer bear ferritin on their surface membranes. In view of the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of ascertaining the number of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes, the authors developed a simple indirect immunofluorescent technique for identifying them and used this technique to examine the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 44 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck (26), colon (14), and lung (4). It was found that patients with cancer had a mean percentage of 10% ferritin-bearing lymphocytes in their peripheral blood as compared with 3.1% in controls. Ferritin binding did not appear to be influenced by a cell's capacity to form sheep erythrocyte (E) rosettes since no correlation could be found between the percentages of lymphocytes bearing ferritin and those forming three different varieties of E-rosettes. There appeared to be no correlation of the percentages of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes with clinical staging except for a small, but significant (P less than 0.05), increase in the number of patients with head and neck cancer and nodal metastases. Although the functional significance of ferritin-bearing lymphocytes is currently unknown, the appearance of this subpopulation of cells in the blood appears to be associated with cancer. This assay may prove to be useful as a diagnostic tool, as a prognostic tool, or as a means of identifying patients at a risk for developing cancer and, therefore, it deserves further exploration.
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PMID:Ferritin-bearing lymphocytes in patients with cancer. 636 Mar 36

Iron and iron binding proteins are involved in various regulatory mechanisms in infections and tumors. Chronic infections and tumors are the most common reasons of anemias in hospitalized patients in industrial countries. Although a lot of investigative work has been done to identify the underlying mechanisms many details are still poorly understood. This paper gives a review of our present knowledge from experimental work, reported in the literature together with own results. The main emphasis is laid on new findings about the importance of a possible regulatory role of iron and iron bindings proteins on the surface of cells of the immune system in the immune surveillance as well as in non immune functions. Using a cytotoxic assay with a monoclonal antiplacental ferritin antibody which was developed by C. Moroz, surface ferritin was not only detected on peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with early stages of breast cancer but also in patients with rheumatoid arthritis which has not been reported so far. Possible connections of inflammatory states with tumors are discussed regarding the results with ferritin bearing lymphocytes together with other findings about the role of cell bound iron binding proteins in conditions of tumor and inflammation.
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PMID:[Iron and iron-binding proteins in inflammation and tumors]. 640 May 38

Iron and iron binding proteins are involved in various regulatory mechanisms in infections and tumors. Chronic infections and tumors are the most common reasons of anemias in hospitalized patients in industrial countries . Although a lot of investigative work has been done to identify the underlying mechanisms many details are still poorly understood. This paper gives a review of our present knowledge from experimental work, reported in the literature together with own results. The main emphasis is laid on new findings about the importance of a possible regulatory role of iron and iron bindings proteins on the surface of cells of the immune system in the immunosurveillance as well as in non immune functions. Using a cytotoxic assay with a monoclonal antiplacental ferritin antibody which was developed by C. Moroz, surface ferritin was not only detected on peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with early stages of breast cancer but also in patients with rheumatoid arthritis which has not been reported so far. Possible connections of inflammatory states with tumors are discussed regarding the results with ferritin bearing lymphocytes together with other findings about the role of cell bound iron binding proteins in conditions of tumor and inflammation.
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PMID:[Iron and iron binding proteins in inflammations and tumors]. 660 34

A 29 year-old patient was admitted for surgery because of two breast lumps. One of these was suspicious for malignancy by a mammogram and palpation. When her history was taken, the patient mentioned putrid vaginal discharge and denied any previous gynaecologic examination. After initial hesitancy, the patient agreed to have a pelvic examination. This revealed an oxydized iron rod protruding 2 cm out of the vagina. The object was identified by x-ray examination as one handle of iron forceps often used for cutting metal wires. The patient had been carrying this foreign body for fifteen years. She was not willing to relate any information about the cause of the manipulation or any eventual culprit. She was consistent and her personality was dominated by introverted behaviour. The foreign body was removed under the same anaesthesia as that used for the operation on the breast cancer.
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PMID:[An unusual case: vaginal foreign body (forceps) as an incidental finding during primary operation for breast cancer]. 778 15

Fifty-two breast cancer patients were evaluated for levels of several molecules related to iron metabolism including determining their tumor tissue and serum ferritin levels, serum transferrin levels, and serum iron levels. In addition the patients' lymphocyte immunity against autologous tumor antigen was investigated. Forty percent (21 of 52) of the patients had lymphocyte immunity against tumor antigen. Iron metabolism molecules were expressed in abnormal quantities in some breast cancer patients: 27% (13 of 49) had elevated tumor tissue ferritin levels, 4% (2 of 49) had abnormally high serum ferritin, 10% (5 of 49) had abnormally low serum transferrin levels, and 43% (21 of 49) had depressed serum iron levels. None of these abnormalities in iron metabolism are associated with tumor immunity. These iron metabolism molecules may be indicative of rates of cell proliferation or may influence growth of breast cancer cells, but do not appear to influence host lymphocyte immunity against tumor associated antigens.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994
PMID:Relationship of serum and tumor levels of iron and iron-binding proteins to lymphocyte immunity against tumor antigen in breast cancer patients. 798 49

This county-based correlation study examined associations of breast cancer mortality with dietary habits and certain serum biochemical markers, utilizing data collected from an ecological survey in 65 Chinese rural counties. Univariate correlation and multivariate regression analysis showed that consumption of animal foods, including eggs, fish and meat, was positively linked to county-wide mortality rates of breast cancer in Chinese women. No clear associations between breast cancer mortality rates and consumption of green vegetables, carrots and fruits were observed in this study. A modest inverse correlation between serum vitamin C levels and breast cancer mortality was observed, while selenium levels were positively related to the mortality rates. Positive correlations for serum ferritin and hemoglobin were found, in agreement with recent reports of an elevated cancer risk with increased body iron stores. Limitations of these ecological data preclude causal inferences, but the findings provide clues to breast cancer risk and protective factors in a low incidence area of the world.
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PMID:Diet, serum markers and breast cancer mortality in China. 806 9

It was previously shown that estrogen induces a membrane glycoprotein (molecular mass, 95 kDa) in the chicken oviducts, which exhibits several properties similar to transferrin receptors (Poola, I., and Lucas, J. J. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 19137-19146). In the present study, we have further investigated its molecular and transferrin binding properties. We have sequenced several internal peptides isolated from the purified protein by endopeptidase Lys-C. We have found that it has a high degree of sequence homologies with those of chicken heat-shock protein (cHsp108), mouse endoplasmic reticulum protein (mERp99), hamster glucose-regulated protein (hagrp94), and human tumor rejection antigen (hTRAgp96), all of which are shown to be highly homologous to each other and to yeast hsp90. We demonstrate here that the [35S]methionine-labeled immunoaffinity-purified estrogen-inducible membrane glycoprotein binds to the transferrin affinity columns similar to iron-modulated transferrin receptors. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopic studies indicate that it is an intracellular glycoprotein unlike transferrin receptors. We have isolated two molecular forms of the protein, with molecular masses of 116 and 104 kDa, by immunoaffinity column purification, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and pulse-chase labeling analyses. Both 116-and 104-kDa species bind transferrin. This protein can be induced by heat-shocking the oviduct cells at 45 degrees C for 3h and recovering at 37 degrees C for 2-3 h. It is also expressed in the human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T-47D. All these properties taken together strongly suggest that the estrogen-inducible membrane glycoprotein is a novel transferrin-binding protein, structurally related to the stress-regulated proteins.
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PMID:The estrogen-inducible transferrin receptor-like membrane glycoprotein is related to stress-regulated proteins. 806 20


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